1、Designation: D5876 95 (Reapproved 2012)1D5876/D5876M 17Standard Guide forUse of Direct Rotary Wireline Casing Advancement DrillingMethods for Geoenvironmental Exploration and Installationof Subsurface Water-Quality Monitoring Devices1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5876;D5876/D5
2、876M; the number immediately following the designation indicatesthe year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reappr
3、oval.1 NOTEEditorial corrections were made throughout in February 2012.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This guide covers how direct (straight) wireline rotary casing advancement drilling and sampling procedures may be usedfor geoenvironmental exploration and installation of subsurface water-quality monitoring de
4、vices.NOTE 1The term “direct” with respect to the rotary drilling method of this guide indicates that a water-based drilling fluid or air is injected througha drill-rod column to rotating bit(s) or coring bit. The fluid or air cools the bit(s) and transports cuttings to the surface in the annulus be
5、tween the drillrod column and the borehole wall.NOTE 2This guide does not include all of the procedures for fluid rotary systems which are addressed in a separate guide, Guide D5783.1.2 The term “casing advancement” is sometimes used to describe rotary wireline drilling because at any time, the cent
6、er pilotbit or core barrel assemblies may be removed and the large inside diameter drill rods can act as a temporary casing for testing orinstallation of monitoring devices. This guide addresses casing-advancement equipment in which the drill rod (casing) is advancedby rotary force applied to the bi
7、t with application of static downforce to aid in the cutting process.1.3 This guide includes several forms of rotary wireline drilling configurations. General borehole advancement may beperformed without sampling by using a pilot roller cone or drag bit until the desired depth is reached.Alternately
8、, the material maybe continuously or incrementally sampled by replacing the pilot bit with a core-barrel assembly designed for coring either rockor soil. Rock coring should be performed in accordance with Practice D2113.1.4 UnitsThe values stated in both inch-pound and SI units either SI units or In
9、ch-Pound units given in brackets are to beregarded separately as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.stated in each system may not beexactly equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two system mayresult
10、 in non-conformance with the standard.1.5 All observed and calculated values are to conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in D6026.The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard.I
11、n addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not considermaterial variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the users objective; and it iscommon practice to increase or redu
12、ce the significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It isbeyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis method or engineering design.1.6 Direct rotary wireline drilling methods for geoenvironmental exploration will often involve
13、 safety planning, administration,and documentation. This guide does not purport to specifically address exploration and site safety.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to estab
14、lish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific courseof action. This document cannot
15、replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment.Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replacethe standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must
16、 be judged, nor should this document be applied1 This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rockand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and VadoseZone Investigations.Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2012Dec. 15, 2017. Published December 201
17、2February 2018. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20052012as D5876 95 (2005).(2012)1. DOI: 10.1520/D5876-95R12E01.10.1520/D5876_D5876M-17.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have
18、 been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official docu
19、ment.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1without consideration of a projects many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means onl
20、y that thedocument has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recomm
21、endations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained FluidsD1452 Practice for Soil Exploration and Sampling by Auger BoringsD1586 Test Method for Standard Penetrat
22、ion Test (SPT) and Split-Barrel Sampling of SoilsD1587 Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Fine-Grained Soils for Geotechnical PurposesD2113 Practice for Rock Core Drilling and Sampling of Rock for Site ExplorationD3550 Practice for Thick Wall, Ring-Lined, Split Barrel, Drive Sampling of Soils
23、D4630 Test Method for Determining Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Low-Permeability Rocks by In SituMeasurements Using the Constant Head Injection Test (Withdrawn 2017)3D4631 Test Method for Determining Transmissivity and Storativity of Low Permeability Rocks by In Situ Measurements UsingPr
24、essure Pulse Technique (Withdrawn 2017)3D5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Waste SitesD5092 Practice for Design and Installation of Groundwater Monitoring WellsD5099 Test Methods for RubberMeasurement of Processing Properties Using Capillary RheometryD5608 Practices for De
25、contamination of Sampling and Non Sample Contacting Equipment Used at Low Level RadioactiveWaste SitesD5782 Guide for Use of Direct Air-Rotary Drilling for Geoenvironmental Exploration and the Installation of SubsurfaceWater-Quality Monitoring DevicesD5783 Guide for Use of Direct Rotary Drilling wit
26、h Water-Based Drilling Fluid for Geoenvironmental Exploration and theInstallation of Subsurface Water-Quality Monitoring DevicesD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of common technical terms in this standard, refer to Terminolog
27、y D653.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 bentonitebentonite, nin drilling, the common name for drilling fluid additives and well-construction productsconsisting mostly of naturally occurring montmorillonite. Some bentonite products have chemical additives that may affectwater-
28、quality analyses.3.2.2 bentonite pelletsroughly spherical- or disk-shaped units of compressed bentonite powder (some pellet manufacturerscoat the bentonite with chemicals that may affect the water-quality analysis).3.2.2 cleanout depthdepth, nin drilling, the depth to which the end of the drill stri
29、ng (bit or core barrel cutting end) hasreached after an interval of cutting. The cleanout depth (or drilled depth as it is referred to after cleaning out of any sloughedmaterial in the bottom of the borehole) is usually recorded to the nearest 0.1 ft (0.03 m).0.03 m 0.1 ft.3.2.4 coeffcient of unifor
30、mity Cu (D), the ratio D60/D10, where D60 is the particle diameter corresponding to 60 % finer onthe cumulative particle-size distribution curve, and D10 is the particle diameter corresponding to 10 % finer on the cumulativeparticle-size distribution curve.3.2.3 drill holehole, nin drilling, a cylin
31、drical hole advanced into the subsurface by mechanical means. Also known as aborehole or boring.3.2.4 drill stringstring, nin drilling, the complete rotary drilling assembly under rotation including bit, sampler/core barrel,drill rods, and connector assemblies (subs). The total length of this assemb
32、ly is used to determine drilling depth by referencing theposition of the top of the string to a datum near the ground surface.3.2.5 filter packpack, nin drilling, also known as a gravel pack or primary filter pack in the practice of monitoring-wellinstallations. The gravel pack is usually granular m
33、aterial, having selected grain-size characteristics, that is placed between amonitoring device and the borehole wall. The basic purpose of the filter pack or gravel envelope is to act as: a nonclogging filterwhen the aquifer is not suited to natural development or, as a formation stabilizer when the
34、 aquifer is suitable for naturaldevelopment.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approv
35、ed version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.D5876/D5876M 1723.2.5.1 DiscussionUnder most circumstances, a clean, quartz sand or gravel should be used. In some cases, a prepacked screen may be used.3.2.6 head spacespace, nin drilling, on a double- or triple-tube wireline core
36、 barrel it is the spacing adjustment madebetween the pilot-shoe leading edge and the inner kerf of the outer-tube cutting bit. Spacing should be about 116 in. 1.6 mm 0.0625in. or roughly, the thickness of a matchbook. (The head-space adjustment is made by removing the inner-barrel assembly,loosening
37、 the lock nut on the hanger-bearing shaft and either tightening or loosening the threaded shaft until the inner barrel ismoved the necessary distance, up or down, to obtain the correct setting. Reassemble the inner- and outer-barrel assemblies, attachthe barrel to the drill rod or a wireline and sus
38、pend vertically allowing the inner-barrel assembly to hang freely inside the outerbarrel on the inner hanger-bearing assembly. Check the head space. It is imperative that the adjustment is correct to ensure makesure that the inner barrel is free to rotate without contacting the outer barrel. If inco
39、rrectly adjusted, the inner barrel will hang“hangup” and rotate with the outer barrel as the core is being cut. This will cause the core to break and block entry of core into the innerbarrel.)3.2.9 grout shoea drillable “plug” containing a check valve that is positioned within the lowermost section
40、of a casing column.Grout is injected through the check valve to fill the annular space between the casing and the borehole wall or another casing.3.2.9.1 DiscussionThe composition of the drillable “plug” should be known and documented.3.2.10 grout packeran inflatable or expandable annular plug that
41、is attached to a tremie pipe, usually positioned immediatelyabove the discharge end of the pipe.3.2.11 intermittent sampling devicesusually barrel-type samplers that are driven or pushed below the bottom of a boreholewith drill rods or with a wireline system to lower, drive, and retrieve the sampler
42、 following completion of an increment of drilling.The user is referred to the following standards relating to suggested sampling methods and procedures: Practice D1452, TestMethod D1586, Practice D3550, and Practice D1587.3.2.7 in-situ in situ testing devicesdevices, nin drilling, sensors or probes,
43、 used for obtaining mechanical- or chemical-testdata, that are typically pushed, rotated, or driven below the bottom of a borehole following completion of an increment of drilling.However, some in-situ in situ testing devices (such as electronic pressure transducers, gas-lift samplers, tensiometers,
44、 and so forth)may require lowering and setting of the device(s) in preexisting boreholes by means of a suspension line or a string of loweringrods or pipes. Centralizers may be requiredneeded to correctly position the device(s) in the borehole.3.2.8 lead distancedistance, nin drilling, the mechanica
45、lly adjusted length or distance that the inner-barrel cutting shoe isset to extend beyond the outer core-barrel cutting bit in order to minimize possiblereduce potential core-erosion damage that canbe caused by the circulating drilling-fluid media. Lead distance is checked by vertically suspending t
46、he entire core-barrel assemblyfrom a wireline or from a section of drill rod so that the inner-barrel can hang freely from the upper inner-barrel swivel assembly.The cutting shoe extension below the outer core-barrel cutting bit can then be checked. The “stiffer” or more competent theformation to be
47、 cored, the less the extension of the inner-barrel cutting shoe is necessary to avoid core erosion.3.2.9 overshotovershot, nin drilling, a latching mechanism located at the end of the hoisting line. It is specially designedto latch onto or release pilot bit or core-barrel assemblies.3.2.10 pilot bit
48、 assemblyassembly, nin drilling, design to lock into the end section of drill rod for drilling without sampling.The pilot bit can be either drag, roller cone, or diamond plug types. The bit can be set to protrude from the rod coring bit dependingon formation conditions.3.2.11 subsub, nin drilling, a
49、 substitute or adaptor used to connect from one size or type of threaded drill rod or toolconnection to another.3.2.12 subsurface water-quality monitoring devicedevice, nin drilling, an instrument placed below ground surface to obtaina sample for analyses of the chemical, biological, or radiological characteristics of subsurface pore water or to make in-situ in situmeasurements.3.2.13 wireline drillingdrilling, nin drilling, a rotary drilling process which uses special enlarged inside diameter drillingrods with special latching p
