1、Designation: D 5947 06Standard Test Methods forPhysical Dimensions of Solid Plastics Specimens1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5947; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、 number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 These test methods cover determination of the physicaldimensions of solid plastic specimens where the dimensionsare used directly in
3、 determining the results of tests for variousproperties. Use these test methods except as otherwise requiredin material specifications.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its
4、use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 618 Practice for C
5、onditioning Plastics for TestingD 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD 790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforcedand Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating MaterialsD 883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD 2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometerHardnessD 4805
6、 Terminology for Plastics Standards32.2 ISO Standard:ISO 472 PlasticsVocabulary43. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsSee Terminologies D 883 and D 4805, andISO 472 for definitions pertinent to these test methods.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 absolute uncertainty (of a measurement)
7、, nthesmallest division that may be read directly on the instrumentused for measurement.3.2.2 calibrationthe set of operations that establishes,under specified conditions, the relationship between valuesmeasured or indicated by an instrument or system, and thecorresponding reference standard or know
8、n values derivedfrom the appropriate reference standards.3.2.3 micrometer, nan instrument for measuring any di-mension within absolute uncertainty of 25 m or smaller.3.2.4 verificationproof, with the use of calibrated stan-dards or standard reference materials, that the calibratedinstrument is opera
9、ting within specified requirements.3.2.5 1 mil, na dimension equivalent to 25 m 0.0010in.4. Summary of Test Methods4.1 These test methods provide five different test methodsfor the measurement of physical dimensions of solid plasticspecimens. The test methods (identified as Test Methods Athrough D,
10、and H) use different micrometers that exert variouspressures for varying times upon specimens of different geom-etries. Tables 1 and 2 display the basic differences of each testmethod and identify methods applicable for use on variousplastics materials.5. Significance and Use5.1 These test methods s
11、hall be used where precise dimen-sions are necessary for the calculation of properties expressedin physical units. They are not intended to replace practicalthickness measurements based on commercial portable tools,nor is it implied that thickness measurements made by theprocedures will agree exactl
12、y.6. Apparatus6.1 Apparatus AMachinists Micrometer Caliper5withCalibrated Ratchet or Friction Thimble:6.1.1 Apparatus A is a micrometer caliper equipped witheither a calibrated ratchet or a friction thimble. The pressureexerted on the specimen is controllable by the use of a propermanipulative proce
13、dure and a calibrated spring (see AnnexA1).1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 onPlastics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on MechanicalProperties.Current edition approved April 1, 2006. Published May 2006. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last pre
14、vious edition approved in 2003 as D 5947 03.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.4Avail
15、able from American National Standards Institute, 25 W. 43rd St., 4thFloor, New York, NY 10036.5Hereinafter referred to as a machinists micrometer.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA
16、 19428-2959, United States.6.1.2 Use an instrument constructed with a vernier or digitalreadout capable of measurement to the nearest 2.5 m.6.1.3 Use an instrument with the diameter of the anvil andspindle surfaces (which contact the specimen) of 6.4 6 0.1mm.6.1.4 Use an instrument conforming to the
17、 requirements of8.1, 8.2, 8.5, 8.6.1, and 8.6.2.6.1.5 Use the micrometer with the locking device releasedor disengaged, if so equipped.6.1.6 Test the micrometer periodically for conformance tothe requirements of 6.1.4.6.2 Apparatus BMachinists Micrometer Without aRatchet:6.2.1 Apparatus B is a micro
18、meter caliper.6.2.2 Use an instrument constructed with a vernier or digitalreadout capable of measurement to the nearest 2.5 m.6.2.3 Use an instrument with the diameter of the anvil andspindle surfaces (which contact the specimen) of 6.4 6 0.1mm.6.2.4 Use an instrument conforming to the requirements
19、 of8.1, 8.2, 8.5.1, 8.5.2, 8.5.3, 8.6.1, and 8.6.3.6.2.5 Use the micrometer with the locking device releasedor disengaged, if so equipped.6.2.6 Examine and test the micrometer periodically forconformance to the requirements of 6.2.4.6.3 Apparatus CManually Operated, Thickness Gauge:66.3.1 Use a dead
20、-weight or spring-loaded, dial-type gaugeor digital readout in accordance with the requirements of 8.1,8.3, 8.4, 8.6.1, and 8.6.4 having the following:6.3.1.1 Apresser foot that moves in an axis perpendicular tothe anvil face;6.3.1.2 The surfaces of the presser foot and anvil (whichcontact the speci
21、men) parallel to within 2.5 m (see 8.3);6.3.1.3 A spindle, vertically oriented if a dead-weight appa-ratus;6.3.1.4 A dial or digital indicator essentially friction-freeand capable of repeatable readings within 61 m at zerosetting, or on a steel gauge block;6.3.1.5 A frame, housing the indicator, of
22、such rigidity thata load of 15 N applied to the indicator housing, out of contactwith the presser foot spindle (or any weight attached thereto),will produce a deflection of the frame not greater than thesmallest scale division or digital count on the indicator; and6.3.1.6 A dial diameter at least 50
23、 mm and graduatedcontinuously to read directly to the nearest 2.5 m. If neces-sary, equip the dial with a revolution counter that displays thenumber of complete revolutions of the large hand; or6.3.1.7 An electronic instrument having a digital readout inplace of the dial indicator is permitted if th
24、at instrument meetsthe other requirements of 6.3.6.3.2 The preferred design and construction of this instru-ment calls for a limit on the force applied to the presser foot.The limit is related to the compressive characteristics of thematerial being measured.6.3.2.1 The force applied to the presser f
25、oot spindle and theforce necessary to register a change in the indicator readingshall be less than the force that will cause deformation of thespecimen. The force applied to the presser foot spindle and theforce necessary to just prevent a change in the indicator readingshall be more than the minimu
26、m permissible force specified fora specimen.6.4 Apparatus DAutomatically-Operated ThicknessGauge:6.4.1 Except as additionally defined in this section, use aninstrument that conforms to the requirements of 6.3.Anelectronic instrument having a digital readout in place of thedial indicator is permitted
27、 if that instrument meets the otherrequirements of 6.3 and 6.4.6.4.2 Use a pneumatic or motor-operated instrument havinga presser foot spindle that is lifted and lowered either by apneumatic cylinder or by a constant-speed motor through amechanical linkage such that the rate of descent (for a specif
28、iedrange of distances between the presser foot surface and anvil)and dwell time on the specimen are within the limits specifiedfor the material being measured.6.4.2.1 The preferred design and construction of this instru-ment calls for a limit on the force applied to the presser foot.The limit is rel
29、ated to the compressive characteristics of thematerial being measured.6.4.2.2 The force applied to the presser foot spindle and theforce necessary to register a change in the indicator readingshall be less than the force that will cause deformation of thespecimen. The force applied to the presser fo
30、ot spindle and theforce necessary to just prevent a change in the indicator readingmust be more than the minimum permissible force specified fora specimen.7. Test Specimens7.1 The test specimens shall be prepared from plasticsmaterials in sheet, plate, or molded shapes that have been cutto the requi
31、red dimensions or molded to the desired finisheddimensions for the particular test.7.2 Prepare and condition each specimen to equilibriumwith the appropriate standard laboratory test conditions inaccordance with the test method applicable to the specificmaterial for test.7.3 For each specimen, take
32、precautions to prevent damageor contamination that might affect the measurements adversely.7.4 Unless otherwise specified, make all dimension mea-surements at the standard laboratory atmosphere in accordancewith Practice D 618.8. Calibration (General Considerations for Care and Useof Each of the Var
33、ious Pieces of Apparatus forDimensional Measurements)8.1 Good testing practices require clean anvil and presserfoot surfaces for any micrometer instrument. Prior to calibra-tion or dimensional measurements, clean such surfaces byinserting a piece of smooth, clean bond paper between the anvil6Herein
34、referred to as a gauge.TABLE 1 Test Methods Suitable for Specific MaterialsMaterial Test MethodPlastics specimens A, B, C, or DOther elastomersAHAMaterials with D 2240 Type A hardness of 30 to 80 (approximately equivalentto a Type D hardness of 20).D5947062and presser foot and slowly moving the bond
35、 paper betweenthe surfaces. Check the zero setting frequently during measure-ments. Failure to repeat the zero setting may be evidence of dirton the surfaces.NOTE 2Avoid pulling any edge of the bond paper between thesurfaces to reduce the probability of depositing any lint particles on thesurfaces.8
36、.2 The parallelism requirements for machinists microme-ters demand that observed differences of readings on a pair ofscrew-thread-pitch wires or a pair of standard 6.4-mm nominaldiameter plug gauges be not greater than 2.5 m. Spring-wirestock or music-wire of known diameter are suitable substitutes.
37、The wire (or the plug gauge) has a diameter dimension that isknown to be within 61 m. Diameter dimensions may vary byan amount approximately equal to the axial movement of thespindle when the wire (or the plug gauge) is rotated through180.8.2.1 Lacking a detailed procedure supplied by the instru-men
38、t manufacturer, confirm the parallelism requirements ofmachinists micrometers using the following procedure:8.2.1.1 Close the micrometer on the screw-thread-pitch wireor plug gauge according to the calibration procedure of 8.6.2 or8.6.3, as appropriate;8.2.1.2 Observe and record the thickness indica
39、ted;8.2.1.3 Move the screw-thread-pitch wire or plug gauge to adifferent position between the presser foot and anvil, and repeat8.2.1.1 and 8.2.1.2; and8.2.1.4 If the difference between any pair of readings isgreater than 2.5 m, the surfaces are not parallel.8.3 Lacking a detailed procedure supplied
40、 by the instrumentmanufacturer, confirm the requirements for parallelism ofdial-type micrometers given in 6.3.1.2 by placing a hardenedsteel ball (such as that used in a ball bearing) of suitablediameter between the presser foot and anvil. Mount the ball ina fork-shaped holder to allow it to be move
41、d conveniently fromone location to another between the presser foot and anvil. Theballs used commercially in ball bearings are almost perfectspheres having diameters constant within 0.2 m.NOTE 3Exercise care with this procedure. Calculations using theequations given in X1.3.2 show that the use of a
42、680 g mass weight on aball between the hardened surfaces of the presser foot and anvil can resultin dimples in the anvil or presser foot surfaces caused by exceeding theyield stress of the surfaces.8.3.1 Observe and record the diameter as measured by themicrometer at one location.8.3.2 Move the ball
43、 to another location and repeat themeasurement.8.3.3 If the difference between any pair of readings isgreater than 2.5 m, the surfaces are not parallel.8.4 Lacking a detailed procedure supplied by the instrumentmanufacturer, confirm the flatness of the anvil and the spindlesurface of a micrometer or
44、 dial gauge by the use of an opticalflat that has clean surfaces. Surfaces shall be flat within 1 m.8.4.1 After cleaning the micrometer surfaces (see 8.1), placethe optical flat on the anvil and close the presser foot asdescribed in 8.6.2, 8.6.3, 8.6.4,or8.6.5, as appropriate.8.4.2 When illuminated
45、by diffused daylight, interferencebands are formed between the surfaces of the flat and those ofthe micrometer. The shape, location, and number of thesebands indicate the deviation from flatness in increments of halfthe average wavelengths of white light, which is taken as 0.25m.8.4.2.1 A flat surfa
46、ce forms straight parallel fringes at equalintervals.8.4.2.2 A grooved surface forms straight parallel fringes atunequal intervals.8.4.2.3 A symmetrical concave or convex surface formsconcentric circular fringes. Their number is a measure of thedeviation from flatness.8.4.2.4 An unsymmetrical concav
47、e or convex surface formsa series of curved fringes that cut the periphery of themicrometer surface. The number of fringes cut by a straightline connecting the terminals of any fringes is a measure of thedeviation from flatness.8.5 Machinists Micrometer Requirements:8.5.1 The requirements for a zero
48、 reading of machinistsmicrometers are met when ten closings of the spindle onto theanvil, in accordance with 8.6.2.3 or 8.6.3.3, as appropriate,result in ten zero readings. The condition of zero reading issatisfied when examinations with a low-power magnifyingglass show that at least 66 % of the wid
49、th of the zerograduation mark on the barrel coincides with at least 66 % ofthe width of the reference mark.8.5.2 Proper maintenance of a machinists micrometer mayrequire adjusting the instrument for wear of the micrometerscrew so that the spindle has no perceptible lateral or longitu-dinal looseness, yet rotates with a torque load of less than1.8E-3 Nm. Replace the instrument if this is not achievableafter disassembly, cleaning, and lubrication.8.5.3 After the zero reading has been checked, use thecalibration procedure of 8.6.2 and 8.6.3 (as ap
