1、Designation: D 6166 97 (Reapproved 2003)Standard Test Method forColor of Naval Stores and Related Products (InstrumentalDetermination of Gardner Color)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6166; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption
2、or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determinationof the color of clear,
3、 yellow/brown, liquid materials using colormeasuring instruments. The results may be invalid if othermaterials are used. The test uses the Gardner color scaledescribed in Test Method D 1544. This test method applies tonaval stores products including tall oil, tall oil fatty acids,rosin, and related
4、products.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, problems associated with its use. It isthe responsibility of the user of this standard to establishappropriate safety and health practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2
5、. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 1544 Test Method for Color of Transparent Liquids(Gardner Color Scale)2E 177 Practice for the Use of the Terms Precision and Biasin ASTM Test Methods3E 308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects byUsing the CIE System3E 691 Practice for Conducting an
6、Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method33. Summary of Test Method3.1 The color of a liquid sample is measured using aninstrument capable of measuring transmitted color and report-ing in Gardner colors or in a color system that can be convertedto Gardner colors.4. Significanc
7、e and Use4.1 This test method provides a more precise way ofmeasuring Gardner color than described in Test MethodD 1544. It is applicable to naval stores products having colorsfrom Gardner 1 to Gardner 18. The Gardner scale is notapplicable to materials with colors lighter than 1 or darker than18.5.
8、 Apparatus5.1 An instrument capable of measuring transmitted colorand reporting the results in the Gardner color scale described inTest Method D 1544. If such an instrument is not available, onemay be used which is capable of measuring transmitted colorand reporting in tristimulus values or chromati
9、city coordinatesusing standard illuminant C and the 2 observer, described inPractice E 308.5.2 Glass Cuvets, 10mm path length, unless a differentpath length is specified by the manufacturer, or5.3 Glass Tubes, clear. Standard Gardner tubes, as describedin Test Method D 1544, or other glass tubes des
10、igned for aspecific instrument may be used. Gardner tubes may provideless accuracy than glass cuvets and should be used only whena decrease in accuracy is acceptable. Glass cuvets should beused for referee situations.6. Calibration and Standardization6.1 Calibrate the instrument following the manufa
11、cturersrecommendations.7. Procedure7.1 Taking care not to touch the measurement area of thesample cell, fill a clean Gardner tube or cuvet with the materialto be tested. If the material is cloudy, first filter it.7.2 Insert the glass tube or cuvet in the instrument andmeasure the color, following th
12、e manufacturers recommendedprocedure.8. Report8.1 Report the color in Gardner color units to a tenth of aGardner unit as given by the instrument or as calculated by themethod in the appendix. Note if the material was filtered.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of Committee D01 on Paint andR
13、elated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.34 on Naval Stores.Current edition approved July 10, 2003. Published July 2003. Originallyapproved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D 6166 - 97.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01
14、.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.9. Precision and Bias9.1 Interlaboratory Test ProgramAn interlaboratorystudy of the color of three materials was run in 1996. Each of13 labora
15、tories tested each of the three materials. The design ofthe experiment, similar to that of Practice E 691 and awithin-between analysis of the data are given in ASTMResearch Report.49.2 Test ResultThe precision information given below forGardner color is for the comparison of three test results, each
16、of which is the average of three test determination as follows:9.2.1 Repeatability Limit, 95 % (within laboratory) = 0.06Gardner units.9.2.2 Reproducibility Limit, 95 % (between laboratories) =0.50 Gardner units.9.3 These terms (repeatability limit and reproducibilitylimit) are used as specified in
17、Practice E 177. The respectivestandard deviations among test results, related to the abovenumbers by the factor of 2.8, are as follows:9.3.1 Repeatability standard deviation = 0.02 Gardner units.9.3.2 Reproducibility standard deviation = 0.18 Gardnerunits.9.4 BiasSince there is no accepted reference
18、 materialsuitable for determining the bias for the procedures in this testmethod, bias has not been determined.10. Keywords10.1 instrumental Gardner color; rosin; tall oil; tall oil fattyacidsAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. CALCULATING GARDNER COLOR FROM CHROMATICITY COORDINATESX1.1 For instru
19、ments reporting in tristimulus values orchromaticity coordinates, measure the tristimulus values orchromaticity coordinates using 10mm cuvets or standardGardner tubes. Sample cells with larger or smaller path lengthswill produce tristimulus values and chromaticity coordinatesthat will not convert, u
20、sing Table 1, to the true Gardner colorof the test material.X1.2 Record the tristimulus values X, Y, Z, or the chroma-ticity coordinates x, y, Y for the test material.X1.3 If the instrument reports tristimulus values, convertthem to chromaticity coordinates using the procedure inPractice E 308.X1.4
21、The Gardner value of the test material is determinedas follows:GTM5 GI1 GF(X1.1)where:GTM= the Gardner color of the test material,GI= the integer portion of the test materials Gardnercolor value, andGF= the fractional portion of the Gardner color value.X1.5 By comparing the x-chromaticity coordinate
22、 of thetest material with the x-chromaticity coordinate in Table 1 ofTest Method D 1544, determine the integer portion of the testmaterials Gardner color using the relationship as follows:GI5 Gn, where: xn# xTM, xn11(X1.2)where:Gn= the Gardner color value which is lighter than thetest material,xn= t
23、he x chromaticity coordinate of the Gardner colorvalue which is lighter than the test material,xTM= the x chromaticity coordinate of the test material,andxn+1= the x chromaticity coordinate of the Gardner colorvalue which is darker than the test material.X1.6 Calculate the fractional portion of the
24、test materialsGardner color as follows:GF5xn11 xn!xTM xn! 1 yn11 yn!yTM yn!xn11 xn!21 yn11 yn!2(X1.3)where:yn= the y chromaticity coordinate of theGardner color value which is lighterthan the test material,yTM= the y chromaticity coordinate of thetest material, and4Supporting data are available from
25、 ASTM International Headquarters. RequestRR:D011106.TABLE 1 Chromaticity Coordinates of Gardner ColorsAGardner color x y Y1 0.3177 0.3303 802 0.3233 0.3352 793 0.3329 0.3452 764 0.3437 0.3644 755 0.3558 0.3840 746 0.3767 0.4061 717 0.4044 0.4352 678 0.4207 0.4498 649 0.4343 0.4640 6110 0.4503 0.4760
26、 5711 0.4842 0.4818 4512 0.5077 0.4638 3613 0.5392 0.4458 3014 0.5646 0.4270 2215 0.5857 0.4089 1616 0.6047 0.3921 1117 0.6290 0.3701 618 0.6477 0.3521 4ASee Test Method D 1544.D 6166 97 (2003)2yn+1= the y chromaticity coordinate of theGardner color value which is darkerthan the test material.xn,xn+
27、1, and xTM= definition of Eq X1.3.Example 1. For a test material with chromaticity coordinatesof xTM= 0.3685, yTM= 0.3998. From Table 1, xTMis betweenthe chromaticity coordinates for Gardner color values 5 and 6,therefore GI= 5 andGF50.3767 0.3558!0.3685 0.3558! 1 0.4061 0.3840!0.3998 0.3840!0.3767
28、0.3558!21 0.4061 0.3840!2(X1.4)soGF5 0.7 (X1.5)andGTM5 5.7.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such pat
29、ent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited eit
30、her for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair
31、hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 6166 97 (2003)3
