1、Designation: D 6361 98 (Reapproved 2004)e1Standard Guide forSelecting Cleaning Agents and Processes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6361; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisi
2、on. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTEEditorial changes were made throughout in May 2004.1. Scope1.1 This guide is intended to assist design engineers,manufacturing/industr
3、ial engineers, and production managersin selecting the best fit cleaning agent and process. This guidetakes into account environmental pollution prevention factorsin a selection process.1.2 This guide is not to be considered as a database ofacceptable materials. It will guide the engineers and manag
4、ersthrough the cleaning material selection process, calling forengineers to customize their selection based on the cleaningrequirements for the cleaning tasks at hand. If a part can becleaned, and kept clean, it can be cycled through severalprocess steps that have cleaning requirements. This elimina
5、tesextra cleaning process steps during the total process. A total lifecycle cost analysis or performance/cost of ownership study isrecommended to compare the methods available.1.3 This guide is for general industry manufacturing, equip-ment maintenance and remanufacturing operations, and tosome exte
6、nt precision cleaning of mechanical parts and assem-blies. It is not intended to be used for optical, medical, orelectronics applications, nor is it intended for dry-cleaning orsuper-critical fluid cleaning.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Tes
7、terD 92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Point by ClevelandOpen CupD 93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD 2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometerHardnessD 3167 Test Method for Floating Roller Peel Resistance ofAdhesivesD 3278 Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids
8、 by Set-aflash Closed-Cup ApperatusD 3519 Test Method for Foam in Aqueous Media (BlenderTest)D 3601 Test Method for Foam Aqueous Media (Bottle Test)D 3707 Test Method for Storage Stability of Water-in-OilEmulsions by the Oven Test MethodD 3709 Test Method for Stability of Water-in-Oil Emul-sions Und
9、er Low to Ambient Temperature Cycling Con-ditionsD 3762 Test Method for Adhesive-Bonded Surface Durabil-ity of Aluminum (Wedge Test)E 70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions with theGlass ElectrodeE 1720 Test Method for Determining Ready, Ultimate Bio-degradability of Organic Chemicals in a Seale
10、d Vessel,CO2Production TestF 483 Test Method for Total Immersion Corrosion Test forAircraft Maintenance ChemicalsF 484 Test Method for Stress Crazing of Acrylic Plastics inContact With Liquid or Semi-Liquid CompoundsF 485 Test Method for Effects of Cleaners on UnpaintedAircraft SurfacesF 502 Test Me
11、thod for Effects of Cleaning and ChemicalMaintenance Materials on Painted Aircraft SurfacesF 519 Test Method for Mechanical Hydrogen EmbrittlmentEvaluation of Plating Processes and Service EnvironmentsF 945 Test Method for Stress-Corrosion of Titanium Alloysby Aircraft Engine Cleaning MaterialsF 110
12、4 Test Method for Preparing Aircraft Cleaning Com-pounds, Liquid Type Water Base, for Storage StabilityTestingF 1110 Test Method for Sandwich Corrosion TestF 1111 Test Method for Corrosion of Low EmbrittlingCadmium Plate by Aircraft Maintenance ChemicalsG 44 Practice for Exposure of Metals by Altern
13、ate Immer-sion in Neutral 3.5 % Sodium Chloride SolutionG 121 Practice for Preparation of Contaminated Test Cou-pons for Evaluation of Cleaning Agents1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D26 on HalogenatedOrganic Solvents and Fire Extinguishing Agents and is the direct responsibil
14、ity ofSubcommittee D26.03 on Cold Cleaning.Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D 6361-98.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.o
15、rg. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.G 122 Test Method for Evaluating the Effectiveness ofCleaning Ag
16、ents2.2 Other Documents:Aerospace Material Specification (AMS) 3204/AMS 3209Test for Rubber CompatibilityARP 1795 StockLoss CorrosionFAA Technical Bulletin2.3 Military Standards:MIL-S-8802MIL-S-81722MIL-W-81381/11-203. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 cleaning effc
17、iency, nthe measure of how well acleaning agent is able to clean a substrate.3.1.2 level of cleanliness, nthe degree to which a partmust be cleaned in order to perform successfully in subsequentmanufacturing or maintenance procedures, or to perform ad-equately in its final application.3.1.3 pre-clea
18、ning, nthe initial cleaning step to removegross contaminants prior to a precision cleaning process.4. Summary of Guide4.1 The following is a summary of the five step approach forselecting general cleaning agents and processes for use inmanufacturing, overhaul, and maintenance in industrial opera-tio
19、n. For each step, the user of the guide will provide specificinformation on a particular aspect of their process. Then, theuser should consult the guide, which will provide appropriateguidance on evaluation criteria that should be followed in orderto evaluate the potential cleaning agents. Table 1 p
20、rovides asummary of the user-defined requirements information and theprocedures to be provided by this guide. The order of the stepspresented in Table 1 is suggested, but not crucial to thesuccessful use of this guide. Section 6 will provide greaterdetails on both the user input and the guidance pro
21、vided.5. Significance and Use5.1 This guide is to be used by anyone developing cleaningrequirements for specifications for manufacturing, mainte-nance, or overhaul. This guide has been designed to beapplication specific for each cleaning task and to assure thedesign engineer that the process selecte
22、d by the industrial ormanufacturing engineer will be compatible with both the partmaterial and the subsequent process(es). This guide allows theindustrial or manufacturing engineer to customize the selectionof the cleaning product based on the materials of the part beingcleaned; the cleanliness requ
23、ired for the subsequent pro-cess(es); and the environmental, cost, and health and safetyconcerns.6. Procedure6.1 Step 1Define the Requirements of the FacilityThefirst step taken in selecting a replacement cleaner is todetermine which cleaners or classes of cleaners are acceptableto the requirements
24、of the facility. These requirements includeenvironmental, safety, and health requirements and the physi-cal and chemical properties of the cleaner itself.6.1.1 Environmental, Safety, and Health RequirementsTable 2 presents some of the more common concerns regardingcleaning agents and their effects o
25、n the environment, andworker safety and health. To use Table 2, the engineer shouldfind their concerns on the left-hand column and ensure that thecleaner meets the requirements listed in the right-hand column.6.1.2 Physical and Chemical PropertiesTable 3 presentssome of the more common concerns rega
26、rding cleaning agentsand their physical and chemical properties, and the correspond-ing tests required to evaluate those properties. To use Table 3,the engineer should find their concern(s) on the left-handcolumn and require the data from evaluations of the specifica-tions listed in the remainder of
27、 the row. Please note that thisguide does not provide values for the inspection results. Thesevalues are to be determined by the engineer based on thespecific requirements of the operation.6.2 Step 2Determine Materials of the Parts BeingCleaned to Ascertain Material Compatibility TestRequirementsThe
28、 second step in using this guide is todetermine the material, or materials of the parts, being cleaned.The information will provide the engineer with the materialcompatibility test data required to ensure the cleaner will notdamage the parts being cleaned. Table 4 presents a table to beused to deter
29、mine the required material compatibility tests. Touse Table 4, select the material type from the left-hand column.The remaining information in the corresponding row providesthe short title and the specification number for each of the teststhat must be performed in order to ensure material compatibil
30、-ity with the cleaning agent. It is important to note that alloysbehave differently than pure metals and different alloys behavedifferently than other alloys; therefore, specific alloys must beutilized when conducting these compatibility tests. If data areTABLE 1 Summary of GuideStep Defined User Re
31、quirements Procedure1 Define the ESH, physical andchemical requirements of thefacilityPhysical and Chemical PropertiesTestVerify that the prospectiveagent is acceptable.2 Define the material(s) to becleanedMaterial Compatibility Test(s)Verify that the prospective agentwill not harm the component(s)b
32、eing cleaned.3 Determine shape of part (partgeometry)Applicable processes andequipment4 Define the reason for cleaning Performance TestingVerify thatthe prospective agent andprocess will perform to thedesired level of cleanliness for theparticular cleaning application.5 Select cleaner Validate envir
33、onment, cost, andworker health and safety.TABLE 2 Environmental, Safety, and Health RequirementsConcern RequirementEnvironment Compliance with all federal, state, and local lawsand regulations concerning the procurement, use,and disposal of the cleaning agent and associatedmaterials.Worker safety an
34、d health Compliance with OSHA regulations, providesufficient personal protective equipment to ensurethe health and safety risks of using the cleaningagent are minimized.D 6361 98 (2004)e12not available on a specific alloy with a specific cleaner, the datamust be developed prior to the use of the cle
35、aner.TABLE 4 Material Compatibility RequirementsMaterial Type Short Title StandardSteel Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM F 483Stock Loss Corrosion ARP 1795Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F 485Hydrogen Embrittlement ASTM F 519Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F 1110Low-Embrittling Cadmium Plate ASTM F 1111
36、CorrosionStress Corrosion ASTM G 44(Modified, seeAppendix X2)Cobalt alloys Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM F 483Stock Loss Corrosion ARP 1795Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F 485Hydrogen Embrittlement ASTM F 519Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F 1110Low-Embrittling Cadmium Plate ASTM F 1111CorrosionStre
37、ss Corrosion ASTM G 44(Modified, seeAppendix X2)Nickel alloys Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM F 483Stock Loss Corrosion ARP 1795Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F 485Hydrogen Embrittlement ASTM F 519Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F 1110Low-Embrittling Cadmium Plate ASTM F 1111CorrosionStress Corrosion
38、ASTM G 44(Modified, seeAppendix X2)Titanium alloys Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM F 483Stock Loss Corrosion ARP 1795Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F 485Hydrogen Embrittlement ASTM F 519Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F 1110Stress Corrosion of TitaniumAASTM F 945Low-Embrittling Cadmium Plate ASTM F 11
39、11CorrosionStress Corrosion ASTM G 44(Modified, seeAppendix X2)Iron Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM F 483Stock Loss Corrosion ARP 1795Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F 485Hydrogen Embrittlement ASTM F 519Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F 1110Low-Embrittling Cadmium Plate ASTM F 1111CorrosionTABLE 3 Phy
40、sical and Chemical PropertiesConcern ASTM StandardFlash point D 56D92D93D 3278pH value E 70Foaming properties D 3519D 3601Biodegradability E 1720Storage stability D 3707F 1104Temperature stability D 3709D 6361 98 (2004)e13TABLE 4 ContinuedMaterial Type Short Title StandardStress Corrosion ASTM G 44(
41、Modified, seeAppendix X2)Aluminum Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM F 483Stock Loss Corrosion ARP 1795Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F 485Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F 1110Stress Corrosion ASTM G 44(Modified, seeAppendix X2)Magnesium Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM F 483Stock Loss Corrosion ARP 17
42、95Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F 485Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F 1110Stress Corrosion ASTM G 44(Modified, seeAppendix X2)Brass and bronze Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM F 483Stock Loss Corrosion ARP 1795Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F 485Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F 1110Stress Corrosion ASTM
43、 G 44(Modified, seeAppendix X2)Copper and alloys Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM F 483Stock Loss Corrosion ARP 1795Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F 485Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F 1110Stress Corrosion ASTM G 44(Modified, seeAppendix X2)Epoxy matrix withmetalsTotal Immersion Corrosion or ASTM F 48
44、3Stock Loss Corrosion ARP 1795Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F 485Hydrogen Embrittlement ASTM F 519Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F 1110Low-Embrittling Cadmium Plate ASTM F 1111CorrosionStress Corrosion ASTM G 44(Modified, seeAppendix X2)Rubber compounds Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F 485Rubber C
45、ompatibility AMS 3204/3209Rubber PropertyDurometer ASTM D 2240Thermoset plastics Stress Crazing of Acrylic Plastics ASTM F 484Rubber PropertyDurometer ASTM D 2240Thermo plastics Stress Crazing of Acrylic Plastics ASTM F 484Rubber ProperyDurometer ASTM D 2240Acrylics Stress Crazing of Acrylic Plastic
46、s ASTM F 484Polycarbonates Stress Crazing of Acrylic Plastics ASTM F 484Optics Stress Crazing of Acrylic Plastics ASTM F 484Rubber PropertyDurometer ASTM D 2240Wiring (insulation) Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F 485Effect on Polymide Insulated Wire Appendix X1Rubber Compatibility AMS 3204/3209R
47、ubber ProperyDurometer ASTM D 2240Leather and fabrics Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F 485D 6361 98 (2004)e14TABLE 4 ContinuedMaterial Type Short Title StandardPainted surfaces Effects on Painted Surfaces ASTM F 502 (withprimers and paintsthat are beingcleaned)Polysulfide sealants Effects on Pol
48、ysulfide Sealants Appendix X3AOnly applicable when dealing with engine parts exceeding 500F.6.3 Step 3Analyze Part Geometry to Determine Accept-able Cleaning Processes and EquipmentOnce the engineerhas determined that a cleaning agent will meet the materialcompatibility and facility requirements, th
49、e next step is todetermine the process in which it is to be used. The shape of thepart will be a critical parameter in determining the type ofcleaning operation for which the part can be subjected withsatisfactory results. Some shapes are not conducive to certaintypes of cleaning processes. Table 5 can be used to determinethe acceptable cleaning processes for a given part shape. To useTable 5, the engineer should select the appropriate part shapefrom the top row. The potential process types are listed downthe left-hand column, and if there is a “YES” in the b
