1、Designation: D6413/D6413M 12D6413/D6413M 13Standard Test Method forFlame Resistance of Textiles (Vertical Test)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6413/D6413M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the y
2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is used to measure the vertical flame resistance of textiles.1.1.1 As a part of the measure of
3、 flame resistance, afterflame and afterglow characteristics are evaluated.1.2 This standard shall be used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flameunder controlled laboratory conditions and shall not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard o
4、r fire risk of materials,products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of th
5、e other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health pra
6、ctices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD4391 Terminology Relating to The Burning Behavior of Textiles3. Terminology3.1 Definitions
7、For definitions of terms relating to the combustion of textiles, see Terminology D4391. For definitions of othertextile terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D123.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 afterflame, npersistent flaming of a material after the ignition
8、source has been removed.3.2.2 after-flame time, nthe length of time for which a material continues to flame after the ignition source has been removed.3.2.3 afterglow, nglow in a material after the removal of an external ignition source or after the cessation (natural or induced)of flaming of the ma
9、terial.3.2.4 afterglow time, nthe time afterglow continues after the removal of the ignition source and the cessation of flaming.3.2.5 char length, n in measuring flame resistance of textiles, the distance from the fabric edge, which is directly exposed tothe flame to the furthest point of visible f
10、abric damage after a specified tearing force has been applied.3.2.6 charring, nthe formation of carbonaceous residue as the result of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion.3.2.7 flame, nas related to ignition of textiles, a controlled hot, luminous zone of gas or matter in gaseous suspension, or both,o
11、f constant size and shape that is undergoing combustion as evidenced by a low-intensity heat flux of less than 1 kw, such as candleflame or match flame.3.2.8 flame application time, nthe time interval for which the ignition flame is applied to a material.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction
12、of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.52 on Flammability.Current edition approved July 1, 2012Feb. 1, 2013. Published August 2012February 2013. Discontinued in 2008 and reinstated as Originally approved in 1999.D6413 08.Last previous edition approved
13、in 20112012 as D6413D6413/D6413M 12.11a1 . DOI: 10.1520/D6413_D6413M-12.10.1520/D6413_D6413M-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Documen
14、t Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM reco
15、mmends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2.9 flame r
16、esistance, nthe property of a material whereby flaming combustion is prevented, terminated, or inhibitedfollowing application of a flaming or nonflaming source of ignition, with or without subsequent removal of the ignition source.3.2.10 glow, nvisible, flameless combustion of the solid phase of a m
17、aterial.3.2.11 ignition, nthe initiation of combustion.3.2.12 melting, na liquification of material under the influence of heat.3.2.13 smoldering, nthe combustion of a solid material without accompaniment of flame but generally with the productionof smoke.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A specimen is p
18、ositioned vertically above a controlled flame and exposed for a specified period of time. The flame then isremoved, and afterflame time and afterglow time are measured.4.2 Char length is measured under a specified force.4.3 Any evidence of melting or dripping is noted.5. Significance and Use5.1 This
19、 test method determines the response of textiles to a standard ignition source, deriving measurement values forafterflame time, afterglow time, and char length.5.2 The vertical flame resistance, as determined by this test method, only relates to a specified flame exposure and applicationtime.5.3 Thi
20、s test method maintains the specimen in a static, draft-free, vertical position and does not involve movement except thatresulting from the exposure.5.4 Test Method D6413 has been adopted from Federal Test Standard No. 191A method 5903.1, which has been used for manyyears in acceptance testing. The
21、between-laboratory precision of this test method has not been established. Refer to Section 14 forsingle-laboratory precision.5.4.1 If there are differences or practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparativetests should be performed to determine if th
22、ere is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As aminimum, the test samples used should be as homogeneous as possible, that are drawn from the material from which the disparatetest results are obtained, and that are assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laborat
23、ory for testing. Other materials withestablished test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using astatistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must bef
24、ound and corrected, or future test results must be adjusted in consideration on the known bias.6. Apparatus6.1 Test Cabinet and Accessories, fabricated in accordance with the requirements specified in Figs. 1-5. Galvanized sheet metalor other suitable metal can be used. The entire inside back wall o
25、f the cabinet shall be painted black to facilitate the viewing ofthe test specimen and pilot flame.6.1.1 The test cabinet shall be set up in a laboratory hood or with comparable equipment so that combustion gases can beremoved from the test lab environment. Precautions must be taken to minimize the
26、draft through the laboratory hood while testing.Open doors or windows are examples of unnecessary causes of drafts and must be avoided. A ventilation smoke tube kit3 may beused to check for the presence of drafts.6.2 Burner, equipped with a needle valve to adjust flame height (see Fig. 4).6.2.1 The
27、burner shall be constructed by combining a 10 mm 0.38 in. inside diameter barrel 76 6 6 mm 3 6 0.25 in. longwith a base from an adjustable valve burner. A Tirrill burner is recommended, but a Bunsen burner modified to conform to thistest method also will suffice.6.2.2 The pilot light tube shall have
28、 an inside diameter of approximately 1.5 mm 0.06 in. and shall be spaced 3 mm 0.12 in.away from the burner edge.6.2.2.1 The pilot light tube shall be located vertically next to the burner as shown in Fig. 4.6.2.3 Gas controls and connections shall be as specified in Fig. 5. The solenoid valve shall
29、be capable of being fully openedor fully closed in less than 0.2s and activated by an adjustable timer.6.2.4 On the side of the barrel of the burner, opposite the burner pilot light there shall be a flame height gage constructed ofmetal spaced approximately 13 mm 0.50 in. from the barrel and extendi
30、ng above the burner. The gage shall have two prongsapproximately 8 mm 0.32 in. long marking the distances of 19 mm 0.75 in. and 38 mm 1.50 in. above the top of the burner.3 A ventilation smoke tube kit is available from A-Line Safety Appliance Company, Pittsburgh, PA 15230.D6413/D6413M 1326.2.5 The
31、burner shall be movable when placed in the cabinet and capable of adjustments to center the burner directly belowthe center bottom edge of the specimen when performing the tests.6.3 Gas Regulator Valve System, a control system with a delivery rate designed to furnish gas to the burner under a pressu
32、reof 17.2 6 1.7 kPa 2.5 6 0.25 lbf/in.2 at the burner inlet. The manufacturers recommend delivery rate for the valve system shallinclude the required pressure.6.4 Gas Mixture, methane, 99 % pure.6.5 Test Specimen Holder, constructed as shown in Fig. 3. The assembly is shown in Figs. 1 and 2.6.6 Spec
33、imen Holder Clamps, capable of firmly holding the test specimen in the test specimen holder.6.7 Laboratory Hood, in which to carry out the test.6.8 Stop Watch, or other device to measure the burning time to 0.2 s.6.9 Measuring Scale, graduated in increments of at least 3 mm 0.12 in. to measure the l
34、ength of char.FIG. 1 Test ApparatusD6413/D6413M 1336.10 Metal Hooks and WeightsMetal hooks and a range of weights to produce a series of total loads, which will be used todetermine char length. The metal hooks shall consist of 1-mm 0.04-in. diameter steel wire, 76 mm 3 in. long. The hook isformed by
35、 bending the wire to 45 angle forming a hook 3 mm 0.5 in. from one end. This hook is used for puncturing the fabric.6.11 Flame Impingement Timer, a timer and electrical gas solenoid used to control the interval, which gas is supplied to theburner.7. Hazards7.1 Normal precautions applicable to pressu
36、rized flammable gases, open flames, hot flames, hot surfaces, burning fabrics andcombustion, off gases and solid residue shall be employed.7.2 Conduct the tests in a hood to contain the gases evolved during testing and for exhaust of the gases after each test.8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Adjust ga
37、s pressure to 17.2 6 1.7 kPa 2.506 0.25 lbf/in.2 and ignite pilot flame. Adjust the pilot flame to a height ofapproximately 3 mm 0.12 in. when measured from its lowest point. Be sure that the tip does not alter shape of the test flameduring the 12 s exposure time.8.1.1 Adjust the burner flame using
38、the needle valve in the base of the burner to achieve a flame height of 38 mm 1.50 in.This height is achieved by fully closing the air opening on the burner tube base and fully opening the solenoid valve.NOTE 1Tape may be used to close off the air openings on the burner.8.1.1.1 The 38-mm 112- in. fl
39、ame height is obtained by adjusting the flame level with the top of the metal prong. (See Fig.6.) It is important that the flame height be adjusted with the tip of the flame level with the tip of the metal prong. The tip of themethane flame is blue, transparent, and difficult to see; it is more easi
40、ly seen if there is no light on the flame, for example in adarkened room. An easy way to accomplish this is by turning off all nearby lights.8.1.2 Position the burner so that the middle of the lower edge of the specimen holder is centered 19 mm 0.75 in. above theburner.FIG. 2 a Test Apparatus Constr
41、uction DetailsD6413/D6413M 134NOTE 2It may be necessary to turn off nearby lights to make sure of the accuracy of intersect of the midpoint of the flame with the mounting clamp.8.2 Adjust the timer to provide a 12 6 0.2-s flame to the specimen.NOTE 3Using a hand-held timer or stopwatch, verify the f
42、lame time.8.2.1 Do this by measuring the interval between the opening and closing of the solenoid with an accurate laboratory timer orstopwatch.9. Sampling9.1 Primary Sampling UnitConsider rolls of fabric or fabric components of fabricated assemblies to be the primary samplingunit, as applicable.9.2
43、 Laboratory Sampling UnitAs a laboratory sampling unit take from rolls at least one full-width piece of fabric that is 1m 1 yd long along the selvage (machine direction), after removing first a 1-m 1-yd length. For fabric components of fabricatedassemblies the entire assembly may be used.9.3 Test Sp
44、ecimensFrom each laboratory sampling unit, cut five lengthwise and five widthwise test specimens 76 mm 3.0 in.by 300 mm 12 in. For woven fabrics, the long dimensions are cut parallel to the warp yarns for lengthwise tests and parallelto the filling yarns for widthwise tests. Take lengthwise specimen
45、s from different positions across the width of the fabric. Considerthe long direction as the direction of the test. Label to maintain specimen identity.9.3.1 Cut specimens representing a broad distribution diagonally across the width of the laboratory sampling unit. Ensurespecimens are free of folds
46、, creases, or wrinkles. Avoid getting oil, water, grease, etc., on the specimens when handling.9.3.2 If the fabric has a pattern, ensure that the specimens are a representative sampling of the pattern.10. Conditioning10.1 Bring the laboratory sampling units or test specimens to moisture equilibrium
47、as directed in Practice D1776, or for aminimum of 24 h using the temperature and relative humidity specified in D1776, except no preconditioning is necessary.10.2 Each specimen to be tested shall be exposed to the test flame within 4 min after removal from the standard atmosphereor placed in a desic
48、cator without desiccant or equivalent after conditioning for storage until testing and transfer to the testing area.FIG. 2 b Test Apparatus Construction Details (continued)D6413/D6413M 13511. Procedure11.1 Mount and expose each specimen to the flame within 4 min of removal from the conditioning area
49、 or storage.11.2 Clamp the test specimen between the two halves of the holder, with the bottom of the specimen even with the bottom ofthe holder. With the holder held vertically, secure the specimen in the holder with a minimum of four clamps. Position two clampsnear the top of the holder, one on each side to stabilize the specimen. Similarly, position two clamps at the bottom of the holder,one on each side.11.3 Turn off the hood ventilation. Insert the specimen holder containing the specimen into th
