ASTM D4214-2007 Standard Test Methods for Evaluating the Degree of Chalking of Exterior Paint Films《评定外用漆膜粉化程度的标准试验方法》.pdf
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1、Designation: D 4214 07Standard Test Methods forEvaluating the Degree of Chalking of Exterior Paint Films1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4214; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last r
2、evision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of
3、 the degree ofchalking on white or tinted exterior paint films. These testmethods describe the procedures recommended for transferringthe chalk to a fabric or fingertip, which is then compared tophotographic reference standards, or in the case of adhesivetapes, compared to a reflectance table or pho
4、tographic refer-ence standards, to determine the degree of chalking.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. I
5、t is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 662 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Erosion ofExterior PaintsE 1347 Test
6、 Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-surement by Tristimulus Colorimetry2.2 Other Document:Pictorial Standards of Coating Defects33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 chalking, nthe formation on a pigmented coating ofa friable powder evolved from the film itself at or just beneaththe surface.4.
7、 Significance and Use4.1 The procedures provide a broad range of techniques andphotographic references to evaluate chalking of exterior paints.5. Type of Chalking5.1 Only one type of chalking is recognized, as defined inSection 3.6. Use of Photographic Reference Standards6.1 The photographic referen
8、ce standards that are part ofthese test methods are representative of the degrees of chalkingon a paint film. The photographs shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 arefor illustration purposes only and should not be used forevaluation.6.2 The use of photographic reference standards illustratedin Fig. 1 and Fig
9、. 2 requires the following precautions:6.2.1 The degree of chalking will vary over any given area.Therefore, an average portion of the coating should be evalu-ated. On large surfaces, it is recommended that the rating bemade at several locations and the mean and range reported.6.2.2 It is difficult
10、to make readings on a windy day andmaking readings at such time should be avoided. It should alsobe noted that rain, snow, or moisture in any form will removechalk so that readings should be made after a period of clearweather and when the surface is dry.6.2.3 Chalking and erosion (Note 1) are close
11、ly related.However, the rate of chalking as measured by these testmethods, and the rate of erosion may not be comparablebecause some pigment combinations tend to retain chalk on thesurface while other pigment combinations exert a self-cleaningaction by natural means.NOTE 1For the evaluation of erosi
12、on, see Test Method D 662.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 onPaint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the directresponsibility of Subcommittee D01.25 on Evaluation of Weathering Effects.Current edition approved July 1, 2007. Published July 2
13、007. Originally approvedin 1982. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D 4214 98 which waswithdrawn March 2007 and reinstated in July 2007.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards vo
14、lume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Copies of the pictorial photographic reference standards applicable to TestMethod A are contained in the publication Pictorial Standards of Coatings Defectsand may be obtained from the Federation of Societies for Coat
15、ings Technology, 492Norristown Rd., Blue Bell, PA 19422.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.3 Records may be kept on forms4such as shown in Fig. 3.Reporting of the results shall include the information given inSection 8
16、.6.4 When these test methods is referenced in specificationsfor performance, the permissible degree of chalking is estab-lished between the producer and the user.7. Recommended Procedures7.1 Test Method ACloth Tape Method:7.1.1 MaterialFabric, as agreed upon between the pro-ducer, user, or other int
17、erested parties, to rub against thesurface being tested. Black (or white for dark coatings) woolfelt, velvet, and velveteen have proven particularly effective.7.1.2 ProcedureWrap the fabric around the index finger-tip, then make a 50 to 75-mm (2 to 3-in.) stroke with mediumpressure on the coating un
18、der observation. Remove the fabricand compare the spot of chalk on it with PhotographicReference Standard No. 1.NOTE 2Medium pressure can be quantified by placing the finger on abalance or scale, and pressing downward until 3 to 5-lb pressure isobtained.7.2 Test Method BWet Finger Method:7.2.1 Proce
19、dureMoisten a fingertip and with mediumpressure make one continuous rub 50 to 65 mm (2 to 212 in.)in length on the surface under test. The chalk from this testmethod should be rated as None, Visible, or Severe; however,some may prefer to use an even numbered scale of 10 to zero.7.3 Test Method CTran
20、sparent Tape Method:57.3.1 Materials:7.3.1.1 Cellulose Adhesive Tape, 13-mm (12-in.) wide,pressure-sensitive.7.3.1.2 Eraser,34 in. (20 mm), wrapped with cellophanetape.7.3.1.3 Masking Tape, 13-mm (12-in.) wide.7.3.1.4 Plastic Sheet Protector, clear.7.3.1.5 Photographic Reference Standard No. 2, TNO.
21、67.3.1.6 Reflectance Standard, polished black glass.7.3.1.7 Reflectance Standard, white tile.NOTE 3The black reference standard is necessary as the background4These record sheets may be obtained from the Federation of Societies forCoatings Technology, 492 Norristown Rd., Blue Bell, PA 19422.5Permiss
22、ion to include this test method is provided as a courtesy of NLChemicals, Wyckoff Mills Rd., Hightstown, NJ 08520.6The TNO Method and photographic reference standard are provided as acourtesy of Verfinstituut TNO Paint Research Institute TNO, Schoemakerstraat 97,Delft, Nederland. The original source
23、 of the photographic reference standardillustrated in Fig. 2 is the Paint Research Institute, TNO. The ASTM numericalrating of chalking shown on the photographic reference standard is opposite to theoriginal TNO scale.FIG. 1 Photographic Reference Standard No. 1Test Method D 659FIG. 2 Photographic R
24、eference Standard No. 2VerfinstituutTNOD4214072for this measurement, since the reflectance of black paper is too high.Reflectometers (tristimulus colorimeters), with 0 to 45 geometry, use theY value.7.3.2 Optional Materials:7.3.2.1 China Marker, black.7.3.2.2 Razor Blade.7.3.3 Preparation:7.3.3.1 Se
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