1、Designation: D 6413 99Standard Test Method forFlame Resistance of Textiles (Vertical Test)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6413; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A num
2、ber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is used to measure the vertical flameresistance of textiles.1.1.1 As a part of the measure of flame resistance, after-fl
3、ame and afterglow characteristics are evaluated.1.2 This standard shall be used to measure and describe theresponse of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flameunder controlled laboratory conditions and shall not be used todescribe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials,pro
4、ducts, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or other units are tobe regarded separately. The values stated in each system are notexact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used inde-pendently without combining values.1.4 This standard does not p
5、urport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D
6、 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles2D 1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing2D 4391 Terminology Relating to Burning Behavior of Tex-tiles33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to thecombustion of textiles, see Terminology D 4391. For defini-tions of other text
7、ile terms used in this test method, refer toTerminology D 123.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 afterflame, npersistent flaming of a material afterthe ignition source has been removed.3.2.2 after-flame time, nthe length of time for which amaterial continues to flame after the
8、ignition source has beenremoved.3.2.3 afterglow, nglow in a material after the removal ofan external ignition source or after the cessation (natural orinduced) of flaming of the material.3.2.4 afterglow time, nthe time afterglow continues afterthe removal of the ignition source and the cessation of
9、flaming.3.2.5 char length, nin measuring flame resistance oftextiles, the distance from the fabric edge, which is directlyexposed to the flame to the furthest point of visible fabricdamage after a specified tearing force has been applied.3.2.6 charring, nthe formation of carbonaceous residue asthe r
10、esult of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion.3.2.7 flame, nas related to ignition of textiles, a controlledhot, luminous zone of gas or matter in gaseous suspension, orboth, of constant size and shape that is undergoing combustionas evidenced by a low-intensity heat flux of less than 1 kw,such as can
11、dle flame or match flame.3.2.8 flame application time, nthe time interval for whichthe ignition flame is applied to a material.3.2.9 flame resistance, nthe property of a materialwhereby flaming combustion is prevented, terminated, orinhibited following application of a flaming or nonflamingsource of
12、 ignition, with or without subsequent removal of theignition source.3.2.10 glow, nvisible, flameless combustion of the solidphase of a material.3.2.11 ignition, nthe initiation of combustion.3.2.12 melting, na liquification of material under theinfluence of heat.3.2.13 smoldering, nthe combustion of
13、 a solid materialwithout accompaniment of flame but generally with the pro-duction of smoke.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A specimen is positioned vertically above a controlledflame and exposed for a specified period of time. The flamethen is removed, and afterflame time and afterglow time aremeasure
14、d.4.2 Char length is measured under a specified force.4.3 Any evidence of melting or dripping is noted.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.52 on Flammability.Current edition approved April 10, 1999. Published
15、August 1999.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.02.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method determines the response of textiles to astand
16、ard ignition source, deriving measurement values forafterflame time, afterglow time, and char length.5.2 The vertical flame resistance, as determined by this testmethod, only relates to a specified flame exposure and appli-cation time.5.3 This test method maintains the specimen in a static,draft-fre
17、e, vertical position and does not involve movementexcept that resulting from the exposure.5.4 Test Method D 6413 has been adopted from Federal TestStandard No. 191A method 5903.1, which has been used formany years in acceptance testing. The between-laboratoryprecision of this test method has not bee
18、n established. Refer toSection 14 for single-laboratory precision.5.4.1 If there are differences or practical significance be-tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),comparative tests should be performed to determine if there isa statistical bias between them, using competent stat
19、isticalassistance. As a minimum, the test samples used should be ashomogeneous as possible, that are drawn from the materialfrom which the disparate test results are obtained, and that areassigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory fortesting. Other materials with established test values m
20、ay beused for this purpose. The test results from the two laboratoriesshould be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, ata probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias isfound, either its cause must be found and corrected, or futuretest results must be adjusted in co
21、nsideration on the knownbias.6. Apparatus6.1 Test Cabinet and Accessories, fabricated in accordancewith the requirements specified in Figs. 1-5. Galvanized sheetmetal or other suitable metal can be used. The entire insideback wall of the cabinet shall be painted black to facilitate theviewing of the
22、 test specimen and pilot flame.6.1.1 The test cabinet shall be set up in a laboratory hood orwith comparable equipment so that combustion gases can beremoved from the test lab environment. Precautions must betaken to minimize the draft through the laboratory hood whiletesting. Open doors or windows
23、are examples of unnecessarycauses of drafts and must be avoided. A ventilation smoke tubekit4may be used to check for the presence of drafts.6.2 Burner, equipped with a needle valve to adjust flameheight (see Fig. 4).6.2.1 The burner shall be constructed by combining a 10mm (0.38 in.) inside diamete
24、r barrel 76 6 6mm(36 0.25 in.)long with a base from an adjustable valve burner. A Tirrillburner is recommended, but a Bunsen burner modified toconform to this test method also will suffice.6.2.2 The pilot light tube shall have an inside diameter ofapproximately 1.5 mm (0.06 in.) and shall be spaced
25、3 mm(0.12 in.) away from the burner edge.6.2.3 Gas controls and connections shall be as specified inFig. 5. The solenoid valve shall be capable of being fullyopened or fully closed in less than 0.2s and activated by anadjustable timer.6.2.4 On the side of the barrel of the burner, opposite theburner
26、 pilot light there shall be a flame height gage constructedof metal spaced approximately 13 mm (0.50 in.) from thebarrel and extending above the burner. The gage shall have twoprongs approximately 8 mm (0.32 in.) long marking thedistances of 19 mm (0.75 in.) and 38 mm (1.50 in.) above thetop of the
27、burner.6.2.5 The burner shall be movable when placed in thecabinet and capable of adjustments to center the burner directlybelow the center bottom edge of the specimen when perform-ing the tests.6.3 Gas Regulator Valve System, a control system with adelivery rate designed to furnish gas to the burne
28、r under apressure of 17.2 6 1.7 kPa (2.5 6 0.25 lbf/in.2) at the burnerinlet. The manufacturers recommend delivery rate for thevalve system shall include the required pressure.6.4 Gas Mixture, methane, 99 % pure.6.5 Test Specimen Holder, constructed as shown in Fig. 3.The assembly is shown in Figs.
29、1 and 2.6.6 Specimen Holder Clamps, capable of firmly holding thetest specimen in the test specimen holder.6.7 Laboratory Hood, in which to carry out the test.6.8 Stop Watch, or other device to measure the burning timeto 0.2 s.6.9 Measuring Scale, graduated in increments of at least 3mm (0.12 in.) t
30、o measure the length of char.6.10 Metal Hooks and WeightsMetal hooks and a range ofweights to produce a series of total loads, which will be usedto determine char length. The metal hooks shall consist of1-mm (0.04-in.) diameter steel wire, 76 mm (3 in.) long. Thehook is formed by bending the wire to
31、 45 angle forming ahook 3 mm (0.5 in.) from one end. This hook is used forpuncturing the fabric.6.11 Flame Impingement Timer, a timer and electrical gassolenoid used to control the interval, which gas is supplied tothe burner.7. Hazards7.1 Normal precautions applicable to pressurized flammablegases,
32、 open flames, hot flames, hot surfaces, burning fabricsand combustion, off gases and solid residue shall be employed.7.2 Conduct the tests in a hood to contain the gases evolvedduring testing and for exhaust of the gases after each test.8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Adjust gas pressure to 17.2 6 1.
33、7 kPa (2.506 0.25lbf/in.2) and ignite pilot flame.Adjust the pilot flame to a heightof approximately 3 mm (0.12 in.) when measured from itslowest point. Be sure that the tip does not alter shape of the testflame during the 12s exposure time.8.1.1 Adjust the burner flame using the needle valve in the
34、base of the burner to achieve a flame height of 38 mm (1.50in.). This height is achieved by fully closing the air opening onthe burner tube base and fully opening the solenoid valve.4A ventilation smoke tube kit is available from A-Line Safety ApplianceCompany, Pittsburgh, PA 15230.D6413992NOTE 1Tap
35、e may be used to close off the air openings on the burner.8.1.2 Position the burner so that the middle of the loweredge of the specimen holder is centered 19 mm (0.75 in.) abovethe burner.NOTE 2It may be necessary to turn off nearby lights to make sure ofthe accuracy of intersect of the midpoint of
36、the flame with the mountingclamp.8.2 Adjust the timer to provide a 12 6 0.2-s flame to thespecimen.NOTE 3Using a hand-held timer or stopwatch, verify the flame time.8.2.1 Do this by measuring the interval between the openingand closing of the solenoid with an accurate laboratory timer orstopwatch.9.
37、 Sampling9.1 Primary Sampling UnitConsider rolls of fabric orfabric components of fabricated assemblies to be the primarysampling unit, as applicable.9.2 Laboratory Sampling UnitAs a laboratory samplingunit take from rolls at least one full-width piece of fabric thatis1m(1yd)long along the selvage (
38、machine direction), afterremoving first a 1-m (1-yd) length. For fabric components offabricated assemblies the entire assembly may be used.9.3 Test SpecimensFrom each laboratory sampling unit,cut five lengthwise and five widthwise test specimens 76 mm(3.0 in.) by 300 mm (12 in.). For woven fabrics,
39、the longdimensions are cut parallel to the warp yarns for lengthwisetests and parallel to the filling yarns for widthwise tests. TakeFIG. 1 Test ApparatusD6413993lengthwise specimens from different positions across the widthof the fabric. Consider the long direction as the direction of thetest. Labe
40、l to maintain specimen identity.9.3.1 Cut specimens representing a broad distribution di-agonally across the width of the laboratory sampling unit.Ensure specimens are free of folds, creases, or wrinkles. Avoidgetting oil, water, grease, etc., on the specimens when han-dling.9.3.2 If the fabric has
41、a pattern, ensure that the specimensare a representative sampling of the pattern.10. Conditioning10.1 Bring the laboratory sampling units or test specimensto moisture equilibrium as directed in Practice D 1776, exceptno preconditioning is necessary.10.2 Each specimen to be tested shall be exposed to
42、 the testflame within 4 min after removal from the standard atmosphereor placed in a desiccator without desiccant or equivalent afterconditioning for storage until testing and transfer to the testingarea.11. Procedure11.1 Mount and expose each specimen to the flame within 4min of removal from the co
43、nditioning area or storage.11.2 Clamp the test specimen between the two halves of theholder, with the bottom of the specimen even with the bottomof the holder. With the holder held vertically, secure thespecimen in the holder with a minimum of four clamps.Position two clamps near the top of the hold
44、er, one on each sideto stabilize the specimen. Similarly, position two clamps at thebottom of the holder, one on each side.11.3 Turn off the hood ventilation. Insert the specimenholder containing the specimen into the test cabinet andposition the burner with the middle of the lower edge of the tests
45、pecimen centered 19 mm (0.75 in.) above the burner andleveled with the bottom metal prong.11.4 Start the flame impingement timer and expose thespecimen for the 12 6 0.2 s. Observe the specimen for meltingor dripping during the flame exposure. Record any observa-tions. Immediately after the flame is
46、removed, start a stopwatchfor measurement of the afterflame and afterglow time.11.5 Observe how long the specimen continues to flameafter the 12 s exposure time. Record the afterflame time towithin 0.2 s.11.6 Observe how long the specimen continues to glow afterthe afterflame ceases or after removal
47、 of the flame if there is noafterflame. Record this afterglow time to the nearest 0.2 s. Donot extinguish the glow because of potential effect on charlength.11.7 Remove the specimen holder from the test cabinet.Turn on the hood ventilation to clear the test cabinet of fumesand smoke. Allow the speci
48、men to cool.FIG. 2 a Test Apparatus Construction DetailsD641399411.8 Measure the char length as shown in Fig. 6.11.8.1 Make a crease by folding the specimen along a linethrough the peak of the highest charred area and parallel to thesides of the specimen.11.8.2 Puncture the specimen with the hook ap
49、proximately6 mm (0.25 in.) from the bottom edge and from the side edgeof the specimen11.8.2.1 Attach a weight of sufficient mass to give acombined mass of the weight with the hook that will result inthe appropriate tearing force. See Table 1 to determine thedesignated total tearing force for fabrics of different basisweights.11.8.3 Apply the tearing force as follows. Grasp the cornerof the specimen on the opposite bottom fabric edge from wherethe hook and weight are attached. Raise the specimen upwardin a smooth continuous motion until the total tearing force issu
