1、Designation: D6618 14D6618 16Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Engine Oils in Diesel Four-Stroke CycleSupercharged 1M-PC Single Cylinder Oil Test Engine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6618; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adopt
2、ion or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis test method can be used by any properly equipped laboratory, without
3、 outside assistance.However, theASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC)2 provides reference oils and an assessment of thetest results obtained on those oils by the laboratory. By this means, the laboratory will know whethertheir use of the test method gives results statistically similar to those obtained
4、by other laboratories.Furthermore, various agencies require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services in seekingqualification of oils against specifications. For example, the U.S. Army imposes such a requirement,in connection with several Army engine lubricating oil specifications.Accordingly, this
5、 test method is written for use by laboratories that utilize the TMC services.Laboratories that choose not to use those services may simply ignore those portions of the test methodthat refer to the TMC.This test method may be modified by means of Information Letters issued by the TMC. In addition,th
6、e TMC may issue supplementary memoranda related to the test method.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers a four-stroke cycle diesel engine test procedure for evaluating engine oils for certainhigh-temperature performance characteristics, particularly ring sticking, ring and cylinder wear, and accumul
7、ation of pistondeposits. Such oils include both single viscosity SAE grade and multiviscosity SAE grade oils used in diesel engines. It iscommonly known as the 1M-PC test (PC for Pre-Chamber) and is used in severalAPI oil categories, notably the CF and CF-2 andthe military category described in MIL-
8、PRF-2104 (see Note 1).NOTE 1Companion test methods used to evaluate other engine oil performance characteristics for API oil categories CF and CF-2 are discussed inSAE J304. The companion tests used by the military can be found in MIL-PRF-2104.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
9、standard. The values in parentheses are provided for information only.1.2.1 ExceptionThe values in parentheses are provided for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this stan
10、dard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.4 This test method is arranged as follows:TABLE OF CONTENTSScope 1Reference Documents 2Terminology 3Summary of Test Method 4Significance and Use 5Apparatus 6Test Engine 6
11、.11 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0.02 on Heavy Duty Engine Oils. The test engine sequences were originally developed in 1956 byASTM Committee D02. Subsequently,
12、 the procedures were publishedin an ASTM Special Technical Publication.Current edition approved May 1, 2014April 1, 2016. Published June 2014June 2016. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 20102014 asD6618 10a.D6618 14. DOI: 10.1520/D6618-14.10.1520/D6618-16.2 ASTM Test Mon
13、itoring Center, 6555 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489. The TMC issues Information Letters that supplement this test method. This editionincorporates revisions contained in all information letters through No. 1301.151.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the use
14、r of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as
15、 published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Engine Accessories 6.2 6.14Engine Oil System 6.15Cooling Sys
16、tem 6.16Fuel System 6.17Intake Air System 6.18Exhaust System 6.19Blowby Meter 6.20Thermocouples 6.21Parts 6.22Instrumentation 6.23Crankcase Paint 6.24Reagents and Materials 7Fuel 7.1Test Oil 7.2Engine Coolant 7.3Cleaning Materials 7.4Safety 8Preparation of Apparatus 9Supplementary Service Informatio
17、n 9.1General Engine Inspection 9.2Intake Air System 9.3Cooling System 9.4Engine Cooling System Cleaning 9.5Instrumentation Calibration Requirements 9.6Engine Crankcase Cleaning 9.7Additional Oil Filter 9.8Flushing Procedure Components 9.9Flushing Procedures 9.10Piston Cleaning Preparation 9.11Cylind
18、er Head 9.12Fuel Nozzle 9.13Measurement 9.14Procedure 10Engine Break-in 10.1Pre-Test Preparations 10.2Warm-up Procedure 10.3Operating Conditions 10.4Periodic Measurements 10.5Engine Oil Level 10.6Oil Addition Procedure 10.7Cool-Down Procedure 10.8Shutdowns 10.9Fuel System 10.10Brake Specific Oil Con
19、sumption (BSOC) Calculation 10.11Inspection 11Preparation 11.1Inspection 11.2Rater Training 11.3Referee Ratings 11.4Calibration of Test Method 12Requirements 12.1Reference Oils 12.2Test Numbering 12.3Definition of a Test 12.4New Laboratories and New Test Stands 12.5Frequency of Calibration Tests 12.
20、6Specified Test Parameters 12.10Acceptance of Calibration Tests 12.11Failing Reference Oil Calibration Tests 12.12Non-Standard Tests 12.13Severity Adjustments and Control Charting 12.14Test Reporting 12.15Reporting Reference Results 12.16Analysis of Reference Oils 12.17Precision and Bias 13Precision
21、 13.1Bias 13.2Keywords 14ANNEXESFigures and Schematics Annex A1Report Forms Annex A2Test Fuel Information Annex A3APPENDIXESHumidity Correction Factors Appendix X1D6618 162Report Form Examples Appendix X21M-PC Multiple Testing Appendix X32. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D86 Test Method for
22、 Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup TesterD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD235 Specificat
23、ion for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of Petroleum P
24、roductsD613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric TitrationD1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils
25、by the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)D2422 Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by Viscosity SystemD2425 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Distillates by Mass SpectrometryD2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products and Liquid FuelsD2622 Test Method for Sulfur
26、 in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and LubricantsD4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum a
27、nd Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD4485 Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine OilsD4863 Test Method for Determination of Lubricity of Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engine LubricantsD5302 Test Method for Evaluation ofAutomotive Engine
28、Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation and Wear in a Spark-IgnitionInternal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions (Withdrawn2003)4D5844 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID) (Withdraw
29、n 2003)4D5862 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils inTwo-Stroke CycleTurbo-Supercharged 6V92TADiesel Engine (Withdrawn2009)4D6202 Test Method forAutomotive Engine Oils on the Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks in the SequenceVIA Spark Ignition Engine (Withdrawn 2009)42.2 SAE S
30、tandard:5SAE J304 Engine Oil Tests2.3 Military Standard:6MIL-PRF-2104 Lubricating Oil, Internal Combustion Engine, Combat/Tactical Service2.4 Other ASTM Document:ASTM Deposit Rating Manual 20 (formerly CRC Manual 20)73. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 calibrate, vto determine the indication or outp
31、ut of a measuring device with respect to that of a standard. D41753.1.2 candidate oil, nan oil that is intended to have the performance characteristics necessary to satisfy a specification andis tested against that specification. D58443.1.3 clogging, nthe restriction of a flow path due to the accumu
32、lation of material along the flow path boundaries. D58443.1.4 engine oil, na liquid that reduces friction or wear, or both, between the moving parts within an engine; removes heat,particularly from the underside of pistons; and serves as a combustion gas sealant for the piston rings. D58623.1.4.1 Di
33、scussion3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.4 The last approved version of this historical standa
34、rd is referenced on www.astm.org.5 Available from Society of Automotive Engineers, SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Drive,Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096.15096, http:/www.sae.org.6 Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Building 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 191
35、11-5904, Attn: NPODS.7 For Stock #TMCMNL20, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM International Customer Service at serviceastm.org.D6618 163It may contain additives to enhance certain properties. Inhibition of engine rusting, deposit formation, valve train wear, oiloxidation, and fo
36、aming are examples.3.1.5 non-reference oil, nany oil other than a reference oil: such as a research formulation, commercial oil, or candidate oil.D58443.1.6 purchaser, nof an ASTM test, a person or organization that pays for the conduct of an ASTM test method on a specifiedproduct. D62023.1.6.1 Disc
37、ussionThe preferred term is purchaser. Deprecated terms that have been used are client,requester,sponsor, and customer.3.1.7 reference oil, nan oil of known performance characteristics, used as a basis for comparison D58443.1.7.1 DiscussionReference oils are used to calibrate testing facilities, to
38、compare the performance of other oils, or to evaluate other materials (suchas seals) that interact with oils.3.1.8 scuff, scuffng, nin lubrication, damage caused by instantaneous localized welding between surfaces in relative motionwhich does not result in immobilization of the parts. D48633.1.9 wea
39、r, nthe loss of material from, or relocation of material on, a surface. D53023.1.9.1 DiscussionWear generally occurs between two surfaces moving relative to each other and is the result of mechanical or chemical action orby a combination of mechanical and chemical actions.3.2 Definitions of Terms Sp
40、ecific to This Standard:3.2.1 calibration test, nan engine test conducted on a reference oil under carefully prescribed conditions whose result is usedto determine the suitability of the engine stand/laboratory to conduct such tests on non-reference oils.3.2.1.1 DiscussionIn this test method, it can
41、 also refer to tests conducted on parts to ensure their suitability for use in reference or non-reference tests.3.2.2 test, nany test time accumulated in accordance with this test method.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Prior to each test run, the power section of the engine (excluding piston assembly)
42、is completely disassembled,solvent-cleaned, measured, and rebuilt in strict accordance with furnished specifications. A new piston, piston ring assembly, andcylinder liner are installed each test. The engine crankcase is solvent-cleaned, and worn or defective parts are replaced. The teststand is equ
43、ipped with appropriate accessories for controlling speed, fuel rate, and various engine operating conditions. A suitablesystem for supercharging the engine with humidified and heated air shall also be provided.4.2 Test operation involves the control of the supercharged, single-cylinder diesel test e
44、ngine for a total of 120 h 120 h at a fixedspeed and fuel rate, using the test oil as a lubricant. A 1 h 1 h engine break-in precedes each test. At the conclusion of the test,the piston, rings, and cylinder liner are examined. Note the degree of cylinder liner and piston ring wear, the amount and na
45、tureof piston deposits present, and whether any rings are stuck.5. Significance and Use5.1 The test method is designed to relate to high-speed, supercharged diesel engine operation and, in particular, to the depositcontrol characteristics and antiwear properties of diesel crankcase lubricating oils.
46、5.2 The test method is useful for the evaluation of diesel engine oil quality and crankcase oil specification acceptance. This testmethod, along with others, defines the minimum performance level of theAPI categories CF and CF-2 (detailed information aboutpassing limits for these categories is inclu
47、ded in Specification D4485). It is also used in MIL-PRF-2104.5.3 The results are significant only when all details of the procedure are followed. The basic engine used in this test methodhas a precombustion chamber (as compared to direct injection) and is most useful in predicting performance of eng
48、ines similarlyequipped. This factor should be considered when extrapolating test results. It has been found useful in predicting results with highD6618 164sulfur fuels (that is, greater than 0.5 wt %) 0.5 % by mass) and with certain preemission controlled engines. It has also been founduseful when c
49、orrelated with deposit control in two-stroke cycle diesel engines.6. Apparatus6.1 Test EngineA single-cylinder Caterpillar diesel oil test engine having a 2.2 L (134.1 in.2.2 L (134.1 in.3) displacement isrequired. Bore and stroke are 13.0 cm (5.125 in.) and 16.5 cm (6.5 in.) 13.0 cm (5.125 in.) and 16.5 cm (6.5 in.) respectively. Theengine arrangement is shown in Fig. A1.1Fig. A1.1. . The supply of test engines and parts is discussed in 6.22. The engine isequipped with the accessories or equipment listed in 6.2 through 6.24.6.2 Air PressureUse a s
