1、Designation: D6725 04 (Reapproved 2010)D6725/D6725M 16Standard Practice forDirect Push Installation of Prepacked Screen MonitoringWells in Unconsolidated Aquifers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6725;D6725/D6725M; the number immediately following the designation indicatesthe yea
2、r of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This practice is based on recognized methods by
3、 which direct push monitoring wells may be designed and installed for thepurpose of detecting the presence or absence of a contaminant, and collecting representative groundwater quality data. The designstandards and installation procedures herein are applicable to both detection and assessment monit
4、oring programs for facilities.1.2 The recommended monitoring well design, as presented in this practice, is based on the assumption that the objective of theprogram is to obtain representative groundwater information and water quality samples from aquifers. Monitoring wellsconstructed following this
5、 practice should produce relatively turbidity-free samples for granular aquifer materials ranging fromgravels to silty sand. Strata having grain sizes smaller than the recommended design for the smallest diameter filter pack materialsshould be monitored by alternative monitoring well designs which a
6、re not addressed in this practice.1.3 Direct push procedures are not applicable for monitoring well installation under all geologic and soil conditions (forexample, installation in bedrock). Other rotary drilling procedures are available for penetration of these consolidated materials forwell constr
7、uction purposes (Guide D5092). Additionally, under some geologic conditions it may be appropriate to installmonitoring wells without a filter pack (EPA(1, 21991).)2. Guide D6724 may be referred to for additional information on these andother methods for the direct push installation of groundwater mo
8、nitoring wells.1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units presented in brackets are to be regarded separately as standard. Thevalues in parentheses are for information only.stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall beused independently of the
9、other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in PracticeD6026, unless superseded by this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport
10、to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.7 This practice offers a set of instructions for p
11、erforming one or more specific operations. This document cannot replaceeducation or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgement. Not all aspects of this practice may beapplicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standar
12、d of care by which theadequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of theprojects many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approvedthrough the ASTM consensus proc
13、ess.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D1452D653 Practice for Soil Exploration and Sampling by Auger BoringsTerminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD1587D1586 Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Fine-Grained Soils for Geotechnical PurposesTest Method for1 This practice i
14、s under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and VadoseZone Investigations.Current edition approved July 1, 2010July 15, 2016. Published September 2010August 2016. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edi
15、tion approved in 20042010as D6725D672504(2010).04. DOI: 10.1520/D6725-04R10.10.1520/D6725_D6725M-16.2 The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of this standard.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at
16、serviceastm.org. ForAnnual Book ofASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version
17、. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section
18、 appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Penetration Test (SPT) and Split-Barrel Sampling of SoilsD2488D3740 Practice for Description and Identification of Soils (Visual-Manual Procedure)Mini
19、mum Requirements forAgencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in Engineering Design and ConstructionD3694 Practices for Preparation of Sample Containers and for Preservation of Organic ConstituentsD4043 Guide for Selection of Aquifer Test Method in Determining Hydraulic
20、Properties by Well TechniquesD4044 Test Method for (Field Procedure) for Instantaneous Change in Head (Slug) Tests for Determining Hydraulic Propertiesof AquifersD4104 Test Method (Analytical Procedure) for Determining Transmissivity of Nonleaky Confined Aquifers by OverdampedWell Response to Instan
21、taneous Change in Head (Slug Tests)D4448 Guide for Sampling Ground-Water Monitoring WellsD4700D4750 Guide for Soil Sampling from the Vadose ZoneTest Method for Determining Subsurface Liquid Levels in aBorehole or Monitoring Well (Observation Well) (Withdrawn 2010)4D5088 Practice for Decontamination
22、of Field Equipment Used at Waste SitesD5092 Practice for Design and Installation of Groundwater Monitoring WellsD5314D5434 Guide for Soil Gas Monitoring in the Vadose ZoneField Logging of Subsurface Explorations of Soil and Rock(Withdrawn 2015)D5521 Guide for Development of Groundwater Monitoring We
23、lls in Granular AquifersD5778 Test Method for Electronic Friction Cone and Piezocone Penetration Testing of SoilsD5781 Guide for Use of Dual-Wall Reverse-Circulation Drilling for Geoenvironmental Exploration and the Installation ofSubsurface Water-Quality Monitoring DevicesD5782 Guide for Use of Dir
24、ect Air-Rotary Drilling for Geoenvironmental Exploration and the Installation of SubsurfaceWater-Quality Monitoring DevicesD5783 Guide for Use of Direct Rotary Drilling with Water-Based Drilling Fluid for Geoenvironmental Exploration and theInstallation of Subsurface Water-Quality Monitoring Devices
25、D5784 Guide for Use of Hollow-Stem Augers for Geoenvironmental Exploration and the Installation of SubsurfaceWater-Quality Monitoring DevicesD5785 Test Method for (Analytical Procedure) for DeterminingTransmissivity of Confined NonleakyAquifers by UnderdampedWell Response to Instantaneous Change in
26、Head (Slug Test)D5786 Practice for (Field Procedure) for Constant Drawdown Tests in Flowing Wells for Determining Hydraulic Properties ofAquifer SystemsD5787 Practice for Monitoring Well ProtectionD5881 Test Method for (Analytical Procedure) Determining Transmissivity of Confined Nonleaky Aquifers b
27、y CriticallyDamped Well Response to Instantaneous Change in Head (Slug)D5912 Test Method for (Analytical Procedure) Determining Hydraulic Conductivity of an Unconfined Aquifer by OverdampedWell Response to Instantaneous Change in Head (Slug) (Withdrawn 2013)4D6001 Guide for Direct-Push Groundwater S
28、ampling for Environmental Site CharacterizationD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical DataD6067 Practice for Using the Electronic Piezocone Penetrometer Tests for Environmental Site CharacterizationD6151 Practice for Using Hollow-Stem Augers for Geotechnical Exploration and Soil
29、 SamplingD6282 Guide for Direct Push Soil Sampling for Environmental Site CharacterizationsD6285 Guide for Locating Abandoned WellsD6286 Guide for Selection of Drilling Methods for Environmental Site CharacterizationD6542 Practice for Tonnage Calculation of Coal in a StockpileD6634 Guide for Selecti
30、on of Purging and Sampling Devices for Groundwater Monitoring WellsD6724 Guide for Installation of Direct Push Groundwater Monitoring WellsD6771 Practice for Low-Flow Purging and Sampling for Wells and Devices Used for Ground-Water Quality Investigations(Withdrawn 2011)4D6914 Practice for Sonic Dril
31、ling for Site Characterization and the Installation of Subsurface Monitoring DevicesD7242 Practice for Field Pneumatic Slug (Instantaneous Change in Head) Tests to Determine Hydraulic Properties of Aquiferswith Direct Push Groundwater SamplersD7352 Practice for Direct Push Technology for Volatile Co
32、ntaminant Logging with the Membrane Interface Probe (MIP)D7929 Guide for Selection of Passive Techniques for Sampling Groundwater Monitoring Wells3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsRefer For common definitions of terms in this standard, refer to Terminology D653 for definitions ofterminology4 The last app
33、roved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.D6725/D6725M 1623.2 Definitions:3.2.1 tremie pipe, nin wells, a small-diameter pipe or tube that is used to transport filter pack materials and annular sealmaterials from the ground surface into an annular space. (D5092).3.3 Def
34、initions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.3.1 dual tube systems, na system whereby inner and outer tubes are advanced independently or simultaneously into thesubsurface strata.3.3.1.1 DiscussionThe outer casing tube is used for borehole stabilization. The inner rod system is used for sampler rec
35、overy and insertion of otherdevices.3.3.2 prepacked screena manufactured well screen that is assembled with a slotted inner casing and an external filter mediasupport. The external filter media support may be constructed of a stainless steel wire mesh screen or slotted PVC that retains filtermedia i
36、n place against the inner screen. The filter media is usually composed of graded silica sand.3.2.2 tremie pipe or tubea pipe or tube that is used to transport filter pack materials and/or annular sealant materials from theground surface into the borehole annulus or between casings and casings or ris
37、er pipe of a monitoring well.4. Summary of Practice4.1 This practice provides information for installing a prepacked screen monitoring well using direct push techniques. Whenconstructed following this Standard Practice the direct push installed monitoring wells can meet most statelocal regulations a
38、ndfederalenvironmental guidelines (EPA(2-5) 1986, 1991, 1992) for well construction (Fig. 1) and protection of the aquifer andgroundwater resources.4.2 Initially the outer casing (or probe rod) tube of the dual tube system is advanced to depth using direct push methods. Themonitoring well is constru
39、cted inside the casing with prepacked well screens and riser pipe. The casing tube is retracted to set thewell at the desired depth in the formation. Bottom up tremie installation of the annular seal and grout is conducted through theouter casing as it is retracted. This grouting method is requireda
40、dvised to obtain the highest integrity well construction. Commonlyavailable types of above ground or flush mount well protection are installed to physically protect the well and prevent tampering.tampering (D5787). The small diameter wells may be developed using bailers, peristalic pumps, bladder pu
41、mps or an inertial checkvalve system. system (D6542). The inertial check valve and tubing system is especially effective when used for development inmedium to coarse-grained aquifers. This development method simultaneously surges and purges fines from the screen interval.Slug testing of the wells (D
42、7242) can be conducted to determine local aquifer properties and verify that development has beensuccessful. Low flow (D6771) and other sampling techniques (D4448, D7929) may be used to obtain representative water qualitysamples. Clear and accurate documentation of the well construction is required.
43、advised.5. Significance and Use5.1 This practice is intended to provide the user with information on the appropriate methods and procedures for installingprepacked screen monitoring wells by direct push methods. The monitoring wells may be used to obtain representative waterquality samples for aqueo
44、us phase contaminants or other analytes of interest, either organic or inorganic (Kram(3, 6-8et). al. 2000,McCall 2000, McCall et al. 1997). The monitoring wells may also be used to obtain information on the potentiometric surface ofthe local aquifer and properties of the formation such as hydraulic
45、 conductivity or transmissivity.5.2 Use of direct push methods to install monitoring wells can significantly reduce the amount of potentially hazardous drillcuttings generated during well installation at contaminated sites. This may significantly reduce cost of an environmental siteinvestigation and
46、 groundwater monitoring program. Minimizing generation of hazardous waste also reduces the exposure hazardsto site workers, local residents, and the environment.5.3 Direct push methods for monitoring well installation are limited to use in unconsolidated formations such as alluvial/streamsediments,
47、glacial deposits, and beach type sediments. Direct push methods are generally successful at penetrating clays, silts,sands and some gravel. Deposits such as soils with thick caliche layers, or glacial tills with large cobbles or boulders may bedifficult or impossible to penetrate to the desired dept
48、h. Direct push methods are not designed for penetration of consolidatedbedrock such as limestone, granite or gneiss.NOTE 1The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of theequipment and facilities used. Agenci
49、es that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objectivetesting/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliableresults depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.Practice D3740 was developed for agencies engaged in the laboratory testing and/or inspection of soils and rock. As such, it is not totally applicableto agencies performing this field practice. However, user of this pr
