1、Designation: D 6910 04Standard Test Method forMarsh Funnel Viscosity of Clay Construction Slurries1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6910; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisio
2、n. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method provides an indirect measurement ofthe viscosity of clay slurries using a funnel (Marsh Funnel) anda graduated c
3、up of specific dimensions. This test methodprovides a practical indicator of the viscosity on a routinebasis. This test method has been modified from the APIRecommended Practice 13B-2.1.2 The result determined using the method is referred to asthe Marsh Funnel Viscosity.1.3 This test can be performe
4、d in the laboratory, or used inthe field to assess the apparent viscosity of a clay slurry forquality control purposes. The most commonly used slurry is abentonite clay slurry.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsib
5、ility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 653 Terminology Related to Soil, Rock and ContainedFluids2.2 API Document:API Recommended Prac
6、tice, Standard Procedure for Test-ing Drilling Fluids, Sixth Edition33. Terminology3.1 For definitions of common terms in this standard, referto Terminology D 653.3.1.1 marsh funnel viscosity (MFV)also known as funnelviscosity. The time required (in seconds) for 946 mL (1 qt) ofa slurry to flow into
7、 a graduated cup from a funnel (known asa Marsh Funnel) with specific dimensions. The Marsh FunnelViscosity is not a true viscosity, it is only an apparent value andgood in a relative sense. Low MFV values are obtained forslurries with high viscosity and high MFV values are obtainedfor slurries with
8、 low viscosity.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 In this method, a slurry is poured into a funnel withspecific dimensions (Marsh Funnel). The slurry is then allowedto flow into a graduated cup. The time for the slurry to fill avolume of 946 mL (1 qt) is measured and reported as the MarshFunnel Viscosity.
9、 The test temperature is also reported forcomparison purposes.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method allows for the assessment of anapparent viscosity of clay slurries in the laboratory and in thefield. Viscosity is a fundamental characteristic for slurries inconstruction applications. The Mars
10、h Funnel Viscosity test canbe used for field quality control of slurries. Relative changes inslurry viscosity can be identified using Marsh Funnel measure-ments and modifications can be made to mixing and handlingprocedures.5.2 In this test, it is assumed that the apparent viscosity of aslurry is di
11、rectly related to the flow duration through a speciallyshaped funnel (the Marsh Funnel).NOTE 1The development of the Marsh Funnel is credited to Hallan N.Marsh of Los Angeles who published the design and use of his funnelviscometer in 1931.5.3 In slurry wall construction and other applications, thev
12、iscosity of a slurry must be maintained at a level high enoughto assist in stabilizing the trench walls. Slurry viscosity is alsodirectly related to filter cake permeability.5.4 The Marsh Funnel Viscosity has been widely used indrilling soil and rock for water wells, oil, gas, soil stabilization,and
13、 the application of hydraulic barriers.5.5 Inert suspended solids such as fine sands and additivesaffect the viscosity of slurries. This test may be used todetermine the relative effects of this and other such materialson the viscosity of a slurry.NOTE 2The quality of the result produced by this sta
14、ndard isdependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and thesuitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet thecriteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competentand objective testing, sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are1This
15、test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.04 on HydraulicProperties of Soil and Rock.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2004. Published February 2004.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.
16、org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from The American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW,Washington, DC 20005.1Copyright ASTM International, 10
17、0 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assurereliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D 3740provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.6. Apparatus6.1 Mar
18、sh Funnel (see Fig. 1)The Marsh Funnel willcomply with the following:6.1.1 Funnel ConeA cone with a length of 305-mm(12-in.) and a diameter of 152-mm (6-in.) equipped with ascreen at the top and an orifice tube at the bottom. The capacityof the cone from the orifice opening to the bottom of the scre
19、enshall be 1500 mL (1.6 qt). It may be manufactured from plastic,metal, or other rigid and durable material, and may be providedwith handles or stands.6.1.2 Funnel OrificeAn orifice tube of 51-mm (2-in.) inlength, with an inside diameter of 4.75-mm (316-in.). Thediameter of this outlet directly affe
20、cts the Marsh Funnel testresults and has been standard with the test since the inceptionof this method.6.1.3 ScreenA screen with openings of approximately 3.2mm (0.125 in.). The screen is normally placed at the 1500 mL(1.6 qt) level of the funnel; approximately 19 mm (0.75 in.)below the top of the f
21、unnel. The screen is used to separatelarger particles that could plug the orifice during the test.6.2 Graduated CupA metal or plastic graduated cup witha 946-mL (1-qt) marking.6.3 TimerA stopwatch or equivalent timer with a resolu-tion of 0.5 s or better.6.4 ThermometerA thermometer with a range of
22、0 to105C (32 to 220F) with a resolution of 1C (2F).6.5 Sampling and Cleaning Equipment.7. Hazards7.1 Appropriate eye and hand protection is recommendedfor direct work with the slurries.8. Sampling8.1 Obtain a 7.5 L (2 gal) representative sample of the slurryto be tested using dippers, buckets, mud o
23、r slurry samplers, orequivalent equipment from a field construction operation (forexample, from a hydrated mix pond) or from a laboratoryslurry mix. A specimen 1500 mL (1.6 qt) in volume is requiredfor a test.9. Calibration Checks9.1 Periodically check the Marsh Funnel and the graduatedcup for damag
24、e or wear. For the Marsh Funnel pay specialattention to the orifice tube. Verify that the graduation marksare present and readable in the funnel and the cup. In particular,make sure that the 946 mL mark is readable in the cup.9.2 Fill the Marsh funnel with 1500-mL (1.6-qt) of waterwhile holding a fi
25、nger over the orifice. If the water surface is atthe screen, no further marking is required. If the surface isabove or below the screen, a mark should be placed inside thefunnel for reference when running the test.9.3 Verify that the flow duration for 946 mL (1 qt) of wateris 26 6 0.5 s at a tempera
26、ture of 21 6 3C (70 6 5F). If theFunnel does not meet these criteria for fresh water, clean theorifice tube and inspect to verify that the tube has not beenbent, flattened or otherwise distorted. If the funnel continues toprovide inaccurate readings, it may have been damaged and thefunnel should be
27、replaced.10. Procedure10.1 Verify that the funnel and cup are both clean and dry.10.2 Cover the Marsh Funnel orifice with a finger and pourthe freshly sampled slurry through the screen into the uprightfunnel.10.3 Holding the funnel over the graduated cup, remove thefinger and start the timer.10.4 Me
28、asure the time for the slurry to fill the graduated cupto the 946 mL (1 qt) line.10.5 Determine the temperature of the slurry.NOTE 3Repeating the test several times and averaging the results mayreduce the chance for error and provide more reproducible results.11. Report11.1 Test data forms or test r
29、eports will include the follow-ing:11.1.1 The source of the sample.Dimensional Equivalentsmm in.3.2 0.1254.75 0.182551.0 2.0152.0 6.0305.0 12.0FIG. 1 Marsh FunnelD691004211.1.2 The date and time of the test.11.1.3 The elapsed time to the nearest second for 946-mL(1-qt) of the slurry to flow into the
30、 graduated cup. This valueto be recorded as the Marsh Funnel Viscosity.11.1.4 The temperature of the slurry.12. Precision and Bias12.1 PrecisionTest data on precision is not presented dueto the nature of this test method. It has not been feasible at thistime to have ten or more agencies participate
31、in an in situtesting program at a given site.12.1.1 The Subcommittee D18.20 is seeking any data fromthe users of this test method that might be used to make alimited statement on precision.12.2 BiasThere is no accepted reference value for this testmethod, therefore bias cannot be determined.13. Keyw
32、ords13.1 bentonite slurry; clay slurry; funnel viscosity; hydrau-lic barriers; marsh funnel; slurry; viscosityASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised
33、 that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either rea
34、pproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If yo
35、u feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D6910043
