1、Designation: D7004/D7004M 03 (Reapproved 2013)1Standard Test Method forGrab Tensile Properties of Reinforced Geomembranes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7004/D7004M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revis
2、ion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEUnits information was editorially corrected in June 2013.1. Scope1.1 This test method is used to measure the
3、 grab tensileproperties of reinforced geomembranes.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from
4、 the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the appli
5、ca-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D76/D76M Specification for Tensile Testing Machines forTextilesD4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and RolledErosion Control Products(RECPs) for TestingD4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics3. Terminolo
6、gy3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Definitions of terms applying to this test methodappear in Terminology D4439.3.1.2 atmosphere for testing geosynthetics, nair main-tained at a relative humidity between 50 to 70 % and atemperature of 21 6 2C 70 6 4F.3.1.3 reinforced geomembrane, na geomembrane inter-nally rei
7、nforced with a textile.3.1.4 yarn, na generic term for a continuous strand oftextile fibers, filaments or material in a form suitable forknitting, weaving or otherwise intertwining to form a textilefabric.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method evaluates grab tensile properties ofreinforced geom
8、embranes for the purposes of quality control,quality assurance and research. In order to evaluate the fullcontribution of the reinforcement, testing is performed parallelto the directions of reinforcement. This test method is an indextest and is not intended for design purposes.5. Apparatus5.1 Tensi
9、le Testing MachineConstant Rate of Extension(CRE) equipment meeting the requirements of SpecificationD76/D76M. The load cell shall be accurate to within 61%ofthe applied force. The drive mechanism shall be able to controlthe rate of extension to within 61 % of the targeted rate.5.2 GripsOne of the g
10、rips must be self aligning tocompensate for uneven distribution of force across the speci-men. The clamping force and the clamp surfaces shall hold thespecimen firmly without causing damage. The clamps shall becapable of gripping a 25 mm 1 in. by 25 mm 1 in. area. Thiscan be accomplished by either u
11、sing 25 mm 1 in. squareclamp faces or by using clamps with dimensions of 25 mm 1in. by greater than 25 mm 1 in. and crossing the clamps inthe grips so that only a 25 mm 1 in. by 25 mm 1 in. area isgripped.5.3 Recording MechanismThe testing machine shall beequipped with equipment capable of producing
12、 a hard copy ofthe force versus displacement curve. Electronic data acquisi-tion with printer capabilities or direct recording devices areacceptable.6. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units6.1 Lot SampleFor the lot sample, take rolls of geomem-brane per the applicable project specification, or as
13、 agreedupon between purchaser and supplier. Unless otherwisespecified, refer to Practice D4354.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 onGeosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.10 on Geomem-branes.Current edition approved May 1, 2013. Published Ju
14、ne 2013. Originallyapproved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D700403(2008).DOI: 10.1520/D7004_D7004M-03R13E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume informatio
15、n, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16.2 Laboratory SampleFor the laboratory sample, take afull-width swatch approximately1m3ftlong by roll widthfor each ro
16、ll in the lot sample. Take a sample that will excludematerial from the outer wrap of the roll or the inner wraparound the core. In the case where the sample is taken at theproduction site, material from the outer wrap may be used if itis undamaged.6.3 Test SpecimensPrepare five specimens with the le
17、ngthof the specimen parallel to the machine direction (MD) and fivespecimens with the length parallel to the transverse direction(TD) for materials with the reinforcement running in thosedirections. If the reinforcement is aligned in any direction otherthan the machine or transverse directions, spec
18、imens shall becut parallel to those directions and so noted in the report. Cutthe specimens such that different reinforcing yarns or strandsare tested in each specimen. Specimens may be taken from theselvage as long as there are not more yarns in the selvage thanin the rest of the product.6.4 The sp
19、ecimens shall be 100 mm 4 in. wide by at least150 mm 6 in. long (test direction). Test specimens shall be cutparallel to the direction of reinforcement being tested.7. Conditioning7.1 ConditioningSpecimens may be tested once they haveequilibrated at standard laboratory temperature. The timerequired
20、to reach temperature equilibrium may vary accordingto the manufacturing process, material type and materialthickness.7.2 Test ConditionsConduct tests at the standard atmo-sphere for testing geosynthetics, a temperature of 21 6 2C 706 4F and a relative humidity between 50 to 70 %, unlessotherwise spe
21、cified.8. Procedure8.1 Set the distance between the gripping portion of theclamps 75 mm 3 in. apart.8.2 Clamp a specimen so that the same strands of reinforce-ment are gripped by both sets of clamps with the sides of theclamps being parallel to the tested reinforcement. This is acritical point since
22、 the tensile strength is significantly reducedif the scrim is not properly aligned in the grips.8.3 Elongate the specimen at a test speed of 300 mm/min12 in./min until both the reinforcement and the polymericfilm or sheet has failed, recording the load-extension curve. Ifthe specimen slips in the cl
23、amps, breaks in the clamps, breaksat the edges of the clamps, the scrim pulls out and does notbreak, or if for any reason attributable to faulty operation, theresult falls markedly below the average for the set ofspecimens, discard the result and test an additional specimen.8.4 Record peak load and
24、separation at peak load.8.5 Repeat the procedure for the remaining specimens.9. Calculation9.1 Calculate elongation by dividing the grip movement by75 mm 3 in., multiplying by 100 % and reporting in percent.9.2 Calculate the average and standard deviation for peakstrength and elongation at peak stre
25、ngth. Calculate the resultsfor each test direction separately.10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Complete identification of the material tested,10.1.2 The direction of testing if other than MD and TD,10.1.3 Any deviation of the specified test procedure, and10.1.4 The average and
26、standard deviation for peak strengthin units of kN (lb) and percent elongation at peak strength.Report each test direction results separately.11. Precision and Bias11.1 No precision and bias has been established yet for thistest standard.12. Keywords12.1 geomembrane; grab tensile; reinforced; tensil
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28、e entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standa
29、rdsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Commit
30、tee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D7004/D7004M 03 (2013)12
