1、Designation: D 7044 04aAn American National StandardStandard Specification forBiodegradable Fire Resistant Hydraulic Fluids1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7044; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、 the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers performance classifications forbiodegradable fire-resistant hydraulic fluids t
3、hat are used in theindustrial/mobile and mining industries.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and to determine theapplicab
4、ility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D95 Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products andBituminous Materials by DistillationD 664 Test Method forAcid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD 892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristic
5、s of Lubri-cating OilsD 943 Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of Inhib-ited Mineral OilsD 974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator TitrationD 1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (SpecificGravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and LiquidPetroleum Products by
6、 Hydrometer MethodD 1401 Test Method for Water Separability of PetroleumOils and Synthetic FluidsD 2422 Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants byViscosity SystemD 2532 Test Method for Viscosity and Viscosity ChangeAfter Standing at Low Temperature of Aircraft TurbineLubricantsD 2783 Test Meth
7、od for Measurement of Extreme-PressureProperties of Lubricating Fluids (Four-Ball Method)D 2882 Test Method for Indicating the Wear Characteristicsof Petroleum and Non-Petroleum Hydraulic Fluids inConstant Volume Vane Pump3D 3427 Test Method for Air Release Properties of Petro-leum OilsD 4052 Test M
8、ethod for Density and Relative Density ofLiquids by Digital Density MeterD 5182 Test Method for Evaluating the Scuffing LoadCapacity of Oils (FZG Visual Method)D 6046 Classification of Hydraulic Fluids for Environmen-tal ImpactD 6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petro-leum Products, Lub
9、ricating Oils, and Additives by Coulo-metric Karl Fischer TitrationD 6546 Test Methods for and Suggested Limits for Deter-mining Compatibility of Elastomer Seals for IndustrialHydraulic Fluid ApplicationsE70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions with GlassElectrode2.2 DIN Standards:4DIN 51348 Test
10、ing of fire resistant governor fluids; deter-mination of hydrolytic stabilityDIN 51354-2 Testing of Lubricants; FZG Gear Test Rig Part 1: Method A/8,3/90 for Lubricating OilsDIN 51373 Testing of Fire Resistant Heat Transfer Fluids;Determination of Resistance to Oxidation Including anAssessment of th
11、e Catalyst PlatesDIN 51389-2 Determination of lubricants; mechanical test-ing of hydraulic fluids in the vane-cell-pump; method Afor anhydrous hydraulic fluidsDIN 51777-2 Testing of Mineral Oil Hydrocarbons andSolvents; Determination of Water Content according toKarl Fischer; Indirect Method2.3 ISO
12、Standards:5ISO 2049 Petroleum Products - Determination of Color(ASTM Scale)ISO 2160 Petroleum Products - Corrosiveness to Copper Copper Strip TestISO 2592 Determination of Flash and Fire Points Cleve-land Open Cup Method1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum
13、Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.N0 on Hydraulic Fluids.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2004. Published November 2004. Originallyapproved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 704404.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, ww
14、w.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.4Available from Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V. (DIN), 10772, Berlin,Germany.5Available from American Na
15、tional Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.ISO 3104 Petroleum Products - Transparent and OpaqueLiquids - Determination of Kinematic Viscosity andCal
16、culation of Dynamic ViscosityISO 3105 Glass Capillary Kinematic ViscometersSpecifications and Operating InstructionsISO 3448 Industrial Liquid Lubricants - ISO ViscosityClassificationISO 3675 Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products- Laboratory Determination of Density - HydrometerMethodISO 373
17、3 Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials Determination of Water - Distillation MethodISO 4263-1 Petroleum and Related Products - Determina-tion of the Aging Behavior of Inhibited Oils and Fluids TOST Test Part 1: Procedure for Mineral OilsISO 4404-1 Petroleum and Related Products - Determina-ti
18、on of the Corrosion Resistance of Fire-Resistant Fluids Part 1: Water-Containing FluidsISO 4406 Hydraulic Fluid PowerFluidsMethod forCoding the Level of Contamination by Solid ParticlesISO 5884 AerospaceFluid Systems and ComponentsMethods for System Sampling and Measuring the SolidParticle Contamina
19、tion of Hydraulic FluidsISO 6072 Compatibility between Fluids and Standard Elas-tomeric MaterialsISO 6245 Petroleum Products - Determination of AshISO 6247 Petroleum Products - Determination of FoamingCharacteristics of Lubricating OilsISO 6296 Petroleum Products - Determination of Water Potentiomet
20、ric Karl Fischer Titration MethodISO 6618 Petroleum Products and Lubricants - Determina-tion of Acid or Base Number Color Indicator TitrationMethodISO 6619 Petroleum Products and LubricantsNeutralization NumberPotentiometric Titration MethodISO 6743-4 Lubricants, Industrial Oils and Related Prod-uct
21、s (class L) Classification Part 4: Family H (Hy-draulic Systems)ISO 7120 Petroleum Products and Lubricants PetroleumOils and Other Fluids - Determination of Rust PreventingCharacteristics in the Presence of WaterISO 7745 Hydraulic Fluid PowerFire-resistant (FR)FluidsGuidelines for UseISO 9120 Petrol
22、eum and Related Products - DeterminationofAir Release Properties of Steam Turbine and Other Oils Impinger MethodISO 12185 Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products Determination of Density - Oscillating U-Tube MethodISO 12922 Lubricants, Industrial Oils and Related Products(class L) Family H (Hydraulic
23、 Systems) Specificationsfor Categories HFAE, HFAS, HFB, HFC, HFDR, andHFDUISO 12937 Petroleum Products - Determination of Water Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration MethodISO 14935 Petroleum and Related Products Determina-tion of Wick Flame Persistence of Fire Resistant FluidsISO 15029-1 Petroleum and
24、 Related Products Determina-tion of Spray Ignition Characteristics of Fire ResistantFluids Part 1: Spray Flame Persistence Hollow-ConeNozzle MethodISO 15380 Lubricants, Industrial Oils and Related Products(Class L)Family H (Hydraulic Systems)Specifications for Categories HETG, HEPG, HEES, andHEPR2.4
25、 Lux Standards:6Lux 3.1.3 Stabilized Flame Heat Release Spray TestLux 5.2.3 Determination of the Emulsion Stability of HFBFluids at Medium TemperatureLux 5.2.4 Determination of the Emulsion Stability ofHFBLT Fluids at Low TemperatureLux 5.3.1 Determination of aging Properties of HFC FluidsLux 5.8 De
26、termination of the Shear Stability of HydraulicFluidsLux 5.9.1 Determination of the Corrosion Inhibiting Prop-erties of HFA, HFC, and HFD Fluids2.5 Other Standards:CETOP RP 65H Manifold Ignition Test7CETOP RP 67H Antiwear Vane Pump Test for HydraulicFluids7IP 28183. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1
27、bioaccumulation, nthe net accumulation of a sub-stance by an organism as a result of uptake from all environ-mental sources.3.1.2 biodegradable, nany substance containing 10 %wt. O2content which undergoes $60 % biodegradation astheoretical CO2in 28 days and $67 % biodegradation astheoretical O2uptak
28、e in 28 days, or any hydraulic fluidcontaining $10 % wt. O2content which undergoes $60 %biodegradation as theoretical CO2or as theoretical O2uptakein 28 days.3.1.3 biodegradation, nthe process of chemical break-down or transformation of a material caused by organisms ortheir enzymes.3.1.3.1 Discussi
29、onBiodegradation is only one mechanismby which materials are transformed in the environment.3.1.4 fire-resistant fluid, nany liquid that is able to with-stand fire or give protection from fire.3.1.5 hydraulic fluid, na liquid used in hydraulic systemsfor lubrication and transmission of power.4. Clas
30、sification4.1 The following classifications of fire-resistant hydraulicfluids, except for HEPG, were taken from ISO 6743-4.4.1.1 HFAFire resistant hydraulic fluids that may befurther classified as:6European Commission, Safety and Health Commission for the Mining andOther Extractive Industries, “Requ
31、irements and Tests Applicable to Fire-ResistantHydraulic Fluids Used for Power Transmission and Control (Hydrostatic andHydrokinetic),” Seventh Edition, Doc. N4746/10/91 EN, Luxembourg, April 1994.7Available from the Comit Europen des Transmissions Olohydrauliques etPneumatiques (CETOP), Lyoner Stra
32、e 18, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.8Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR,U.K.D 7044 04a24.1.1.1 HFAEOil-in-water emulsions containing morethan 80 % by weight water and typically in the range 95 to99 % by weight water.4.1.1.2 HFASChemical solutions. Not containi
33、ng emul-sions and typically contains more than 80 % by weight water.4.1.2 HFBWater-in-oil emulsions containing approxi-mately 60 % by weight oil.4.1.3 HFCAqueous monomer and polymer polyglycolsolutions. Water content not less than 35 % by weight.4.1.4 HFDPhosphate ester or polyolester-based, water-i
34、nsoluble fire-resistant fluids.4.1.5 HFDRPhosphate ester-based fluids.4.1.6 HFDUWater-free fluids based on chemical com-pounds other than phosphate esters and chlorinated hydrocar-bons.4.1.7 HEPGAnhydrous “environmentally friendly” poly-alkylene glycol-derived hydraulic fluids that may be watersolub
35、le or insoluble.5. Classification Requirements5.1 Type HFA Hydraulic FluidsThe requirements for thistype of fluid are presented in Table 1.5.2 Type HFB Hydraulic FluidsThe requirements for thistype of fluid are presented in Table 2 and include ISO viscositygrades from 46 to 100, in accordance with C
36、lassificationD 2422 (ISO 3448).5.3 Type HFC Hydraulic FluidsThe requirements for thistype of fluid are presented in Table 2 and include ISO viscositygrades from 22 to 68, in accordance with Classification D 2422(ISO 3448).5.4 Type HFD Hydraulic FluidsThe requirements for thistype of fluid are presen
37、ted in Table 2 and include ISO viscositygrades from 15 to 100, in accordance with ClassificationD 2422 (ISO 3448).5.5 Type HEPG Hydraulic FluidsThe requirements forthis type of fluid are presented in Table 3 and include ISOviscosity grades from 22 to 68, in accordance with Classifica-tion D 2422 (IS
38、O 3448).6. Inspection6.1 Inspection of the material shall be agreed upon betweenthe purchaser and the supplier.7. Packaging and Package Marking7.1 The fluid shall be suitably packaged to permit accep-tance by the carrier and to afford adequate protection fromnormal hazards of handling and shipping.
39、Packaging shallconform to applicable carrier rules and regulations.7.2 Packaging and labeling shall comply with state andfederal regulations.7.3 Each container shall be plainly marked with the manu-facturers name and brand, production code or lot number, orboth, type of material, volume content, and
40、 any other informa-tion required by state and federal law.8. Scope8.1 Not all fire-resistant fluids are biodegradable, nor do allbiodegradable fluids possess the same degree of fire resistance.The purpose of this test method is to define a classification,which distinguishes fire-resistant hydraulic
41、fluids that are alsoTABLE 1 Specifications for Categories HFAE and HFAS Fluids According to ISO 12922Composition Type HFAE: These are oil-in-water emulsions, typically with more than 80 % water content (+5C to + 50C,ISO 7745)Type HFAS: These are chemical solutions in water, typically more than 80 %
42、water content (+5C to +50C,ISO 7745)Characteristic or Test UnitSpecificationStandard or Test MethodFinished EmulsionCategory HFAEAFinished SolutionCategory HFASAAppearanceBCWater content, min. % (V/V) 80 80 D95, D 6304Foam at: +25C max.Dml/ml 300/10 300/10 D 892+50C max. ml/ml 300/10 300/10+25C max.
43、 ml/ml 300/10 300/10pH at 20C 6.7 to 11.0 6.7 to 11.0 E70Emulsion stability (50C/600 h), max. Rating 2A-2RBD 1401free oil % (v/V) TraceBcream, max.% (v/V) % (v/V) 0.5BCorrosion protection RatingEE(ISO 4404)Elastomer compatibility NBR1, EPDM1 and FPM1elastomer, 60C/168 hD 6546relative volume change,
44、max. % 7 7relative hardness change: min. IRHD 7 7max. IRHD +2 +2change in tensile strength %EEelongation at breakAThese products are normally supplied as concentrates, and should be used with the correct water quantity as specified by the supplier (viscosity of concentrate to be350 mm2/s maximum at
45、20C).BThe requirement is not relevant to this fluid type.CThe appearance of the delivered fluid shall be clear and bright and free of any visible particulate matter, under normal visible light at ambient temperature, using aclear container of approximately 10 cm diameter.DFor fluids with a viscosity
46、 greater than 10 mm2/s at 20C.EReport only on request.D 7044 04a3TABLE 2 Specifications for Categories HFB, HFC and HFD Fluids According to ISO 12922CompositionType HFB: These are water-in-oil emulsions (+5C to +50C, ISO 7745)Type HFC: These are water polymer solutions, typically with more than 35 %
47、 water content(20C to +50C, ISO 7745)Type HFDR: These are synthetic fluids free of water consisting of phosphate esters(20C to +70C/150CA, ISO 7745)Type HFDU: These are synthetic fluids free of water but of other compositions than HFDR(20C to +70C/150CA, ISO 7745)Characteristic or Test UnitSpecifica
48、tionsStandard or TestMethodFinished EmulsionCategory HFBBFinished SolutionCategory HFCBCategory HFDB(R-U classes)Viscosity grade, ISO VG 46 - 68 - 100 22 - 32 - 46 - 68 15 - 22 - 32 - 46 - 68 -100ISO 3448CAppearanceDE EWater content % (m/m)D$35 #0,1 D95, D 6304% (V/V) $ 40DD(ISO 3733)Foam at: 25C ma
49、x. ml/mlD300/10 300/10 D 89250C max. ml/mlD300/10D100C max. ml/mlDD300/1025C max. ml/mlD300/10 300/10Air release at 25C minFDAir release at 50C max. minD20; 20; 25; 25 8; 10; 12; 15; 25; 30 D 3427pH at 20CD6,7,11,0DE70Emulsion stability, 1 000 h at 20C,max:D 1401change in water content at 425 ml % 5DDchange in water content at 125 ml % 5surface oil ml 10accumulated free water ml 2Emulsion stability, 48 h at 70C, maximum (VII LUX 5.2.3)surface oil ml 3DDaccumulated free water
