1、Designation: D7156 11Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in the T-11 Exhaust GasRecirculation Diesel Engine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7156; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revis
2、ion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure forevaluating diesel engine oils for performance cha
3、racteristics ina diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation,including viscosity increase and soot concentrations (loading).2This test method is commonly referred to as the Mack T-11.1.1.1 This test method also provides the procedure forrunning an abbreviated length test, which is commonly
4、 referredto as the T-11A. The procedures for the T-11A are identical tothe T-11 with the exception of the items specifically listed inAnnex A8. Additionally, the procedure modifications listed inAnnex A8 refer to the corresponding section of the T-11procedure.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to
5、 be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.2.1 ExceptionsWhere there is no direct SI equivalentsuch as screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubingsize, or where there is a sole source supply equipmentspecification.1.3 This standard does not purpo
6、rt to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A6 forspecific safety hazards.2. Ref
7、erenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Pe-troleum Produc
8、ts by Copper Strip TestD235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D287 Test Method forAPI Gravity of Crude Petroleum andPetroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of
9、 Dynamic Viscos-ity)D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue ofPetroleum ProductsD613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD976 Test Method for Calculated
10、 Cetane Index of DistillateFuelsD1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in LiquidPetroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of DistillateFuel Oil (Accelerated Method)D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum ProductsD2622 Test Method for Sulf
11、ur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in MiddleDistillate Fuels by CentrifugeD3524 Test Method for Diesel Fuel Diluent in Used DieselEngine Oils by Gas ChromatographyD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, an
12、d APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, PetroleumProducts, and LubricantsD4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometryD4485 Specification for Performance of Engine OilsD4737 Test
13、Method for Calculated Cetane Index by FourVariable Equation1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.Current edition approved May 1, 2011. Published May 2011. O
14、riginallyapproved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D715610a. DOI:10.1520/D7156-11.2The ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) will update changes in this testmethod by means of Information Letters. This edition includes all informationletters through 10-2. Information letters may be obt
15、ained from the ASTM TestMonitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489, Attention: Admin-istrator.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the
16、standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D4739 Test Method for Base Number Determination byPotentiometric Hydrochloric Acid TitrationD5185 Test Method for Determination of Add
17、itive Ele-ments, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricat-ing Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in BaseOils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic EmissionSpectrometry (ICP-AES)D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselE
18、ngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5967 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils inT-8 Diesel EngineD6278 Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer Contain-ing Fluids Using a European Diesel Injector ApparatusD6896 Test Method for Determination of Yield Stress andApparen
19、t Viscosity of Used Engine Oils at Low Tempera-tureD7109 Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer Contain-ing Fluids Using a European Diesel Injector Apparatus at30 and 90 CyclesD7422 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils inT-12 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel EngineE29 Practice for Us
20、ing Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 blind reference oil, na reference oil, the identity ofwhich is unknown by the test facility.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThis is a coded reference oil that issubmitted by a source independent from
21、 the test facility.D41753.1.2 blowby, nin internal combustion engines, that por-tion of the combustion products and unburned air/fuel mixturethat leaks past piston rings into the engine crankcase duringoperation.3.1.3 calibrate, vto determine the indication or output ofa device (e.g., thermometer, m
22、anometer, engine) with respectto that of a standard.3.1.4 candidate oil, nan oil that is intended to have theperformance characteristics necessary to satisfy a specificationand is intended to be tested against that specification. D41753.1.5 exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), nthe mixing ofexhaust gas
23、with intake air to reduce the formation of nitrogenoxides (NOx). Automotive Handbook43.1.6 heavy-duty, adjin internal combustion engine op-eration, characterized by average speeds, power output andinternal temperatures that are close to the potential maximums.D44853.1.7 heavy-duty engine, nin intern
24、al combustion enginetypes, one that is designed to allow operation continuously at orclose to its peak output.3.1.8 non-reference oil, nany oil other than a referenceoil; such as a research formulation, commercial oil, or candi-date oil. D41753.1.9 non-standard test, na test that is not conducted in
25、conformance with the requirements in the standard testmethod; such as running on an uncalibrated test stand, usingdifferent test equipment, applying different equipment assem-bly procedures, or using modified operating conditions.D41753.1.10 oxidation, nof engine oil, the reaction of the oilwith an
26、electron acceptor, generally oxygen, that can producedeleterious acidic or resinous materials often manifested assludge formation, varnish formation, viscosity increase, orcorrosion, or combination thereof.3.1.11 reference oil, nan oil of known performance char-acteristics, used as a basis for compa
27、rison.3.1.11.1 DiscussionReference oils are used to calibratetesting facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, orto evaluate other materials (such as seals) that interact withoils. D41753.1.12 sludge, nin internal combustion engines, a deposit,principally composed of insoluble resins and
28、 oxidation prod-ucts from fuel combustion and the lubricant, that does not drainfrom engine parts but can be removed by wiping with a cloth.D41753.1.13 standard test, na test on a calibrated test stand,using the prescribed equipment that is assembled in accordancewith the requirements in the test me
29、thod, and conducted inaccordance with the specified operating conditions.3.1.14 varnish, nin internal combustion engines, a hard,dry, generally lustrous deposit that can be removed by solventsbut not by wiping with a cloth. D41753.1.15 wear, nthe loss of material from a surface, gener-ally occurring
30、 between two surfaces in relative motion, andresulting from mechanical or chemical action, or a combinationof both. D74224. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test operation involves use of a Mack E-TECHV-MAC III diesel engine with Exhaust Gas Recirculation(EGR). Two oil flushes, each for 30 min, are fol
31、lowed by a testat constant speed and torque conditions for 252 h.4.2 Take oil samples periodically and analyze for viscosityincrease and soot content.4.3 Engine rebuilds may be necessary as indicated bydegradation of test parameters and are left to the discretion ofthe test laboratory. At rebuild, t
32、he power section of the engineis disassembled, solvent-cleaned, and rebuilt, using all newpistons, rings, cylinder liners, valves, and valve guides, in strictaccordance with furnished specification.4.4 Solvent-clean the engine crankcase and replace worn ordefective parts.4.5 Equip the test stand wit
33、h appropriate accessories forcontrolling speed, load, and various engine operating condi-tions.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method was developed to evaluate the viscosityincrease and soot concentration (loading) performance ofengine oils in turbocharged and intercooled four-cycle dieselengin
34、es equipped with EGR. Obtain results from used oilanalysis.4Available from Robert Bosch GmbH, Postfach 50, D-7000 Stuttgart 1,Germany.D7156 1125.2 The test method may be used for engine oil specificationacceptance when all details of the procedure are followed.6. Apparatus6.1 General Description:6.1
35、.1 The test engine is a Mack E-TECH V-MAC III,electronically controlled fuel injection with six electronic unitpumps, using 2002 cylinder heads (Annex A2). It is an open-chamber, in-line, six-cylinder, four-stroke, turbocharged,charge air-cooled, and compression ignition engine. The boreand stroke a
36、re (124 by 165) mm, and the displacement is 12 L.6.1.2 The ambient laboratory atmosphere shall be relativelyfree of dirt and other contaminants as required by goodlaboratory standards. Filtering air, controlling temperature, andcontrolling humidity in the engine buildup area helps preventaccumulatio
37、n of dirt and other contaminants on engine partsand aids in measuring and selecting parts for assembly.6.2 The Test Engine:6.2.1 Mack T-11 Test EngineThe engine and cylinderheads are available from Mack Trucks, Inc.5A complete partslist is shown in Table A2.1, Annex A2. Use test parts on afirst-in/f
38、irst-out basis.6.2.2 Engine Cooling System:6.2.2.1 Use a new Mack coolant conditioner shown in TableA2.1, Annex A2, every test, to limit scaling in the coolingsystem. At the expansion tank, pressurize the system to103 kPa. Use the coolant shown in 7.3.6.2.2.2 Use a closed-loop, pressurized external
39、engine cool-ing system composed of a nonferrous core heat exchanger,reservoir, and water-out temperature control valve. The systemshall prevent air entrainment and control jacket temperatureswithin the specified limit. Install a sight glass between theengine and the cooling tower to check for air en
40、trainment anduniform flow in an effort to prevent localized boiling. Block thethermostat wide open.6.2.2.3 Flow the coolant from the engine block fitting to theEGR coolers, see Fig. A1.3, Annex A1. Return the EGRcoolant flow to the engine coolant-in line, near the coolantpump inlet, see Fig. A1.7, A
41、nnex A1.6.2.3 Auxiliary Oil System:6.2.3.1 To maintain a constant oil level in the pan, providean additional minimum volume sump of 11.4 L by using aseparate closed tank connected to the engine sump. Circulateoil through the system with an auxiliary pump. The systemschematic is shown in Fig.A1.1,Ann
42、exA1. The No. 6 and No.8 lines are to have inside diameters of 10 mm and 13 mm,respectively. Use a minimum No. 8 size vent line. Equivalentlines may be substituted forAeroquip6lines provided they havethe proper inside diameters.6.2.3.2 Locate the auxiliary oil system suction line on theexhaust side
43、of the oil pan, so that the inside bottom of theauxiliary oil system suction fitting is down from the oil pan railby 152 mm, and back from the front of the pan by 178 mm.Refer to Fig.A1.4,AnnexA1. Connect the auxiliary oil systemreturn line to the power steering pump cover on the fronttiming gear co
44、ver. Refer to Fig. A1.5, Annex A1. Connect theauxiliary oil scale vent line to the top of the auxiliary oil sumpbucket and the dipstick tube opening.6.2.3.3 Use Viking Pump Model SG053514 as the auxiliaryoil pumps (see A2.10). Nominal pump speed is 1725 r/min.Shut off the auxiliary oil pumps if the
45、auxiliary oil system goesdry.6.2.3.4 Use a sight glass to aid in determining the oil levelshould the auxiliary oil system run dry. An example of a sightglass setup is shown in Fig. A1.18, Annex A1.6.2.4 Oil Cooling System:6.2.4.1 Use the oil cooler adapter blocks to mount the oilcooler to the engine
46、. The adapter blocks are available from thesupplier list in A2.7, Annex A2.6.2.4.2 Use the oil filter housing (part number 27GB525M)shown in Fig. A1.8, Annex A1.6.2.5 Blowby MeterUse a meter capable of providing dataat a minimum frequency of 6 min. To prevent blowbycondensate from draining back into
47、 the engine, ensure theblowby line has a downward slope to a collection bucket.Ensure the collection bucket has a minimum volume of 18.9 L.Locate the blowby meter downstream of the collection bucket.The slope of the blowby line downstream of the collectionbucket is unspecified.6.2.6 Air Supply and F
48、iltrationUse the Mack air filterelement and the Mack filter housing shown inA2.3,AnnexA2.Replace the filter cartridge when a DP of 2.5 kPa is reached.Install an adjustable valve (flapper) in the inlet air system atleast two pipe diameters before any temperature, pressure, andhumidity measurement dev
49、ices. Use the valve to maintain inletair restriction within required specifications.6.2.7 Fuel SupplyHeating, cooling, or both of the fuelsupply may be required. See Fig. A1.2, Annex A1, for arecommended system.6.2.8 Intake Manifold and Temperature ControlUse stain-less steel intake manifolds (P/N M10105GCX4332RSS forfront manifold, M10105GCX5212RSS for rear manifold)available from the supplier listed in A2.2, Annex A2. Use aModine intercooler to control intake manifold temperature,A2.4, Annex A2.6.2.9 Injection Timing ControlRemove the engine intakemanifold t
