1、Designation: D 7196 06Standard Test Method forRaveling Test of Cold Mixed Bituminous Emulsion Samples1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7196; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revi
2、sion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method measures the resistance to ravelingcharacteristics of bituminous emulsion and field aggregates orRecycled Asp
3、halt Pavement (RAP) mixtures by simulating anabrasion similar to early return to traffic.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard unless otherwise indicated.1.3 A precision and bias statement for this standard has notbeen developed at this time. Therefore, this standard sh
4、ould notbe used for acceptance or rejection of a material for purchasingpurposes.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and de
5、termine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D75 Practice for Sampling AggregatesD 977 Specification for Emulsified AsphaltD 979 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Paving MixturesD 2379 Test Method forAcidity of Formaldehyde SolutionsD 39
6、10 Practices for Design, Testing, and Construction ofSlurry SealD 4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and SpecifyingBalances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, andConstruction Materials TestingD 6372 Practice for Design, Testing, and Construction ofMicro-SurfacingD 6925 Test Method for Pre
7、paration and Determination ofthe Relative Density of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Speci-mens by Means of the Superpave Gyratory Compactor2.2 ISSA Document:ISSATechnical Bulletin No. 100 Test Method for Wet TrackAbrasion of Slurry Surfaces3. Summary of Test Method3.1 An aggregate and/or RAP is mixed togethe
8、r with apreset amount of additives (if shown to be necessary), water (ifnecessary) and bituminous emulsion. This may be a fieldblended mixture (Method A) or a laboratory blended mixture(Method B). The mixture is compacted in a gyratory compactorand cured at the specified conditions for a designated
9、period oftime. After the assigned curing time, a rotating rubber hoseexerts an abrasion force on the specimen for a preset timeperiod and the abraded loss of material is calculated.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test is useful for classifying the curing and formu-lation of cold mixed bituminous emu
10、lsion samples throughravel testing of compacted specimens. This performance testshould be used to rank the mix conditions and approximatecuring time for return to traffic and resistance to weatherdamage.5. Apparatus5.1 Hobart MixerThe13 H.P. Fixed Speed Motor, modelA 120 will be used to abrade the s
11、ample.5.2 Raveling Test Adapter BaseThis base must fit theHobart mixer in 5.1 and be an adequate and level support forclamping the test specimen in place. The test specimen shouldnot move during abrasion. A picture of the base can be seen inFig. 1.NOTE 1A Raveling Test Adapter Base meeting the requi
12、rements canbe purchased from Precision Machine and Welding, Salina, Kansas, (785)823-8760.5.3 Raveling Test Abrasion Head with HoseThe abrasionhead should be free floating over the sample and have a massof 600 6 15 g. This mass shall include the rubber hose. Therubber hose shall be a Parker 290 Ozex
13、 General Purpose Hoseor equivalent. The hose shall be 19 mm ID by 6.25 mm wallthickness (34 in. ID by14 in. wall thickness) and cut to 127 mm(5 in.) in length. The rubber hose shall be easily removed sothat it may be rotated or changed prior to testing to insure aclean surface for abrasion.1This tes
14、t method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.27 onCold Mix Asphalts.Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2006. Published March 2006.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontac
15、t ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.NOTE 2An abrasion head s
16、imilar to that used in the Wet TrackAbrasion of Slurry Surfaces (Practices D 3910, D 6372, and ISSATB-100) may meet the requirements with the ring weight removed. Anabrasion head meeting these requirements can be purchased from Preci-sion Machine and Welding, Salina, Kansas, (785) 823-8760.5.4 Oven
17、or Environmental ChamberIf required for otherthan ambient laboratory curing conditions, the oven shall be aconstant temperature forced draft oven. The shelves in the ovenshall be placed at least 150 mm apart and 100 mm away fromthe top and floor.5.5 BalanceA balance capable of weighing 3000 g ormore
18、 to within 6 0.1 g and conforming to the requirements ofGuide D 4753, Class GP2. A minimum platform length andwidth of 200 mm is required.5.6 Gyratory CompactorA gyratory compactor meetingthe requirements of Test Method D 6925.5.7 Mechanical MixerA mixer capable of mixing up to3000 g of the cold bit
19、uminous emulsion mixture.5.8 100-150 mm (4-6 in.) Fine Bristle Paint BrushA finebristled paint brush capable of sweeping loose material fromabraded sample without damaging surface.6. Materials6.1 Bituminous EmulsionThe bituminous emulsionshould meet all applicable specifications for the requiredproj
20、ect. The emulsion specifications shall be provided by theagency or requirements such as those given in SpecificationD 977 or D 2397. The bituminous emulsion shall be brought toequilibrium to the specified temperature, if other than labora-tory ambient, for a minimum of one hour prior to mixing witht
21、he aggregates or RAP.6.2 Aggregates/RAPThe job aggregates and/or RAP forMethod B should be sampled and split according to PracticeD75.6.3 Cold Bituminous Paving MixtureThe job mixture forMethod A should be sampled according to Practice D 979.6.4 AdditivesAny additional additives that are shown tobe
22、necessary must meet the specifications required by theagency and mixed or blended with the materials as recom-mended by the agency or as recommended by the additivesupplier if the agency does not specifically detail the method ofmixing or blending.7. Test Specimens7.1 Method A (Field Blended Cold Bi
23、tuminous PavingMixture):7.1.1 Make sure that sample integrity was maintained whiletransferring from the field to the testing facility. Loss ofmoisture and excessive curing time will affect the results of thetest.7.1.2 Scalp the mixture sample through a 25.0-mm sieveand split out two samples to a qua
24、ntity of 2750 g in mass. The2750 g is an approximate mass to give 70 6 5 mm of heightafter compaction.NOTE 3A test mix for compaction may be necessary to get appropri-ate mass of sample.7.2 Method B (Lab Blended Mixture):7.2.1 Split out two samples of aggregate/RAP from the25.0-mm scalped design gra
25、dation to a quantity of 2700 g inmass. The 2700 g is an approximate mass to yield a 70 6 5mmhigh cylinder after compaction.NOTE 4A test mix for compaction may be necessary to get appropri-ate mass of sample.7.2.2 Place the sample into a container of adequate size formixing.7.2.3 Add the additive or
26、water contents, or both, to each ofthe samples and mix with the mechanical mixer for 60 seconds.7.2.4 Add the emulsion to the sample and mix with themechanical mixer for 60 seconds.7.3 Place the sample immediately into a 150 mm gyratorycompaction mold and compacted for 20 gyrations. If thesample hei
27、ght is not 70 6 5 mm, the sample mass should beadjusted.NOTE 5Various additives and bituminous emulsions may be effectedby the mechanical mixer and mix times used in 7.2.3 and 7.2.4. The degreeof coating, time to optimum coating, and type of mechanical mixer maybe noted for later reference.8. Condit
28、ioning8.1 Remove the samples immediately from the compactionmolds and allow to cure at the proper time, temperature, andhumidity prescribed by the specifications.NOTE 6The specimens tested for raveling resistance have beenconditioned in temperatures ranging from 10-60C (50-140F) for timeframes of 1-
29、24 hours for design purposes. Typical testing parameters forthe raveling test are ambient lab conditions 18 to 24C (65 to 75F) for 4hours 6 5 minutes.8.2 Weigh the specimens after the curing, just prior totesting. This mass shall be recorded as the Specimen Mass(prior to test).9. Procedure9.1 Place
30、the specimen on the raveling test adapter base.Care should be taken that the specimen is centered and wellsupported. There must be a minimum of 10 mm of thespecimen above the raveling test adapter base. The abrasionFIG. 1 Raveling Test Adapter BaseD7196062head should be checked so that the area of h
31、ose to be in contactwith the specimen has not been previously used. It is accept-able to rotate the hose to a non-abraded section. The abrasionhead (with hose) shall be free to move vertically downward aminimum of 10 mm after initial contact with specimen. Fig. 2shows an example of the Set-Up of the
32、 test process.9.2 Abrade the sample for the specified period of time.Afterabrasion time is completed, remove the specimen carefullyfrom the base and brush with the fine bristle paintbrush toremove any loose material and immediately weigh the speci-men. This mass should be recorded as the Specimen Ma
33、ss(abraded).NOTE 7Typical testing time for the raveling test is 15 minutes. Whenbrushing the specimen, care should be taken not to dislodge anysignificant amount of material that was not abraded during testing.10. Calculation10.1 This equation is used to determine the total percentmass loss based on
34、 the initial sample weight. The percent massloss is calculated as follows:% Mass Loss 5 100 3 A 2 B!/A (1)where:A = specimen mass (prior to test), andB = specimen mass (abraded).NOTE 8Report the mass loss to the nearest 0.1% as an average of thetwo tested specimens.11. Precision and Bias11.1 The pre
35、cision of this test method is being furtherdeveloped. Initial testing results show that replicate samplesare producing results within 0.5 % mass loss when the speci-mens are less than 5 % total mass loss.11.2 No information can be presented on the bias formeasuring % Mass Loss in this test method be
36、cause nomaterial having an acceptable reference value is available.12. Keywords12.1 aggregate; bituminous emulsion; cold mix; raveling;recycled asphalt pavement (RAP)ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin thi
37、s standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be
38、 reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresp
39、onsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, We
40、st Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).FIG. 2 Apparatus Set-UpD7196063
