1、Designation: D7223 11 (Reapproved 2015)D7223 16 An American National StandardStandard Specification forAviation Certification Turbine Fuel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7223; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the cas
2、e of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This specification covers the use of purchasing agencies in formulating specificatio
3、ns for purchases of aviation turbine fuelunder contract.1.2 This specification defines one specific type of aviation turbine fuel for civil use in the certification of aircraft. Thespecification can be used as a standard in describing the quality of this aviation fuel from the refinery to the aircra
4、ft.1.3 This specification does not include the fuels that are commonly used in aviation turbine engines. Those are listed inSpecification D1655.1.4 The aviation turbine fuel defined by this specification may be used in other than turbine engines that are specificallydesigned and certified for this f
5、uel.1.5 The use of EI/IP (Energy Institute/Institute of Petroleum) test methods is permitted. The user of this specification is referredto Specification D1655 (latest revision), Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels, Paragraph 2, Referenced Documents and Table1, Detailed Requirements of Aviation
6、Turbine Fuels, Column 4, Test Methods, to determine the pairing of the IP test method withthe particular detailed requirement, and to Section 11, Test Methods, to identify jointed standards and referee methods.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measur
7、ement are included in this standard.1.6.1 ExceptionUnits of pressure are also given in psi.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric PressureD130 Test Metho
8、d for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet EvaporationD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (L
9、amp Method)D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products byHydrometer MethodD1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD1322 Test Method for Smoke Point of Kerosine and Avi
10、ation Turbine FuelD1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine FuelsD1840 Test Method for Naphthalene Hydrocarbons in Aviation Turbine Fuels by Ultraviolet SpectrophotometryD2386 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation FuelsD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X
11、-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviation and Distillate FuelsD2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas ChromatographyD3227 Test Method for (Thiol Mercaptan) Sulfur in Gasoline, Kerosine, Aviation Turbine, and Distil
12、late Fuels (PotentiometricMethod)D3241 Test Method for Thermal Oxidation Stability of Aviation Turbine Fuels1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.J0 on Aviation Fuels
13、.Current edition approved April 1, 2015Jan. 1, 2016. Published May 2015February 2016. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 20112015 asD7223 11.D7223 11 (2015). DOI: 10.1520/D7223-11R15.10.1520/D7223-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or
14、contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have
15、 been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official docu
16、ment.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D3242 Test Method for Acidity in Aviation Turbine FuelD3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of
17、Aviation FuelsD3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed Cup TesterD3948 Test Method for Determining Water Separation Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Portable SeparometerD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD40
18、57 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4171 Specification for Fuel System Icing InhibitorsD4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Aff
19、ected by Trace ContaminationD4529 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation FuelsD4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Precision Method)D4952 Test Method for Qualitative Analysis for Active Sulfur Species in Fuels and Solvent
20、s (Doctor Test)D5001 Test Method for Measurement of Lubricity of Aviation Turbine Fuels by the Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator(BOCLE)D5006 Test Method for Measurement of Fuel System Icing Inhibitors (Ether Type) in Aviation FuelsD5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydro
21、carbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel,and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5972 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels (Automatic Phase Transition Method)D6378 Test Method for Determination of Vapor Pressure (VPX) of Petroleum Products, Hydrocarbons, and Hydrocarbon
22、-Oxygenate Mixtures (Triple Expansion Method)D6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and Fuel SystemsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications3. General3.1 This specification, unless otherwise provided, prescribes the required proper
23、ties of aviation certification turbine fuel at thetime and place of delivery.4. Classification4.1 One type of aviation turbine fuel is provided, as follows:4.1.1 Jet C-1A relatively wide boiling range volatile distillate.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Aviation turbine fuel, except as otherwise spec
24、ified in this specification, shall consist of blends of refined hydrocarbons (seeNote 1) derived from conventional sources including crude oil, natural gas liquid condensates, heavy oil, shale oil, and oil sands.The use of jet fuel blends, containing components from other sources, is permitted only
25、on a specific, individual basis (see AnnexA1 on fuels from non-conventional sources in Specification D1655).NOTE 1Conventionally refined jet fuel contains trace levels of materials which are not hydrocarbons, including oxygenates, organosulfur, andnitrogeneous compounds.5.1.1 Fuels used in engines a
26、nd aircraft are ultimately approved by the certifying authority subsequent to formal submission ofevidence to the authority as part of the type certification program for that aircraft and engine model. Additives to be used assupplements to an approved fuel must also be similarly approved on an indiv
27、idual basis (see Specification D1655).5.2 AdditivesMay be added to this aviation turbine fuel in the amount and of the composition specified in the following listof approved material:35.2.1 AntioxidantsIn amounts not to exceed 24.0 mgL active ingredients (not including mass of solvent):5.2.1.1 2,6-d
28、itertiary-butyl phenol.5.2.1.2 2,6-ditertiary-butyl-4-methyl phenol.5.2.1.3 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary-butyl phenol.5.2.1.4 75 % minimum 2,6-ditertiary-butyl phenol, plus 25 % maximum mixed tertiary and tritertiary-butyl phenols.5.2.1.5 55 % minimum 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary-butyl phenol, plus 15 % minim
29、um 2,6-ditertiary-butyl-4-methyl phenol,remainder as monomethyl and dimethyl tertiary-butyl phenols.5.2.1.6 72 % minimum 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary-butyl phenol, 28 % maximum monomethyl and dimethyl-tertiary-butyl phenols.5.2.2 Metal Deactivator Additive (MDA), in amount not to exceed 2.0 mgL (not incl
30、uding mass of solvent) on initial fuelmanufacture at the refinery. Higher initial concentrations are permitted in circumstances where copper contamination is suspectedto occur during distribution. Cumulative concentration of MDA when retreating the fuel shall not exceed 5.7 mgL:3 Supporting data (Gu
31、idelines forApproval or Disapproval ofAdditives) have been filed atASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting ResearchReport RR:D02-1125.D7223 1625.2.2.1 N,N-disalicylidene-1,2-propane diamine.5.2.3 Electrical Conductivity AdditiveStadis 4504 not to exceed 3 mgL.5.2.3.1 When l
32、oss of fuel conductivity necessitates retreatment with electrical conductivity additive, the following concentrationlimits apply:At Manufacture:Stadis 450 3 mg L, maxRetreatment:Stadis 450 cumulative total 5 mg L, max5.2.4 Leak Detection AdditiveTracer A (LDTA-A)5 may be added to the fuel in amounts
33、 not to exceed 1 mgkg.5.2.5 Other additives are permitted. These include fuel system icing inhibitor and special purpose additives such as biocides.The quantities and types must be declared by the fuel supplier and agreed to by the purchaser. Only additives approved by theaircraft certifying authori
34、ty are permitted in the fuel on which an aircraft is operated.5.2.5.1 Biocidal additives are available for controlled usage. Where such an additive is used in the fuel, the approval status ofthe additive and associated conditions must be checked for the specific aircraft and engines to be operated.5
35、.2.5.2 Fuel System Icing Inhibitor:(1) Diethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether (DIEGME), conforming to the requirements of Specification D4171, Type III, maybe used in concentrations of 0.10 % to 0.15 % by volume.(2) Test Method D5006 may be used to determine the concentration of DIEGME in aviation fuels
36、.5.3 Guidance material is presented inAppendix X3 of Specification D1655 concerning the need to control processing additivesin jet fuel production.6. Detailed Requirements6.1 The aviation turbine fuel shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 1.6.2 Test results shall not exceed the maxim
37、um or be less than the minimum values specified in Table 1. No allowance shall bemade for the precision of the test methods.To determine conformance to the specification requirement, a test result may be roundedto the same number of significant figures as in Table 1 using Practice E29. Where multipl
38、e determinations are made, the averageresult, rounded according to Practice E29, shall be used.6.3 If any additives are used, the aviation turbine fuel shall conform to the Table 2 listed requirements.7. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance7.1 The aviation turbine fuel herein specified shall be visua
39、lly free of undissolved water, sediment, and suspended matter. Theodor of the fuel shall not be nauseating or irritating. No substance of known dangerous toxicity under usual conditions of handlingand use shall be present, except as permitted in this specification.8. Sampling8.1 Because of the impor
40、tance of proper sampling procedures in establishing fuel quality, use the appropriate procedures inPractice D4057 to obtain a representative sample from the batch of fuel for specification compliance testing. This requirement ismet by producing fuel as a discrete batch then testing it for specificat
41、ion compliance. This requirement is not satisfied by averagingonline analysis results.8.2 A number of jet fuel properties including thermal stability, water separation, electrical conductivity, and others are verysensitive to trace contamination that can originate from sample containers. For recomme
42、nded sample containers refer to PracticeD4306.9. Report9.1 The type and number of reports to ensure conformance with the requirements of this specification shall be mutually agreedupon by the seller and the purchaser of the aviation turbine fuel.9.2 A suggested form for reporting inspection data on
43、aviation turbine fuel is given in Specification D1655.10. Test Methods10.1 Determine the requirements enumerated in this specification in accordance with the following ASTM test methods.10.1.1 DensityTest Method D1298 or D4052. Test Method D4052 shall be the referee test method.10.1.2 DistillationTe
44、st Method D86 or D2887 with the conversion to D86 temperatures given in correlation procedure(Appendix X5) in Test Method D2887.10.1.3 Vapor PressureTest Method D6378. Record absolute vapor pressure (VPx).4 Stadis 450 is a registered trademark marketed by Innospec Inc., Innospec Manufacturing Park,
45、Oil Sites Road, Ellesmere Port, Cheshire, CH65 4EY, UK.5 Tracer A (LDTA-A) is a registered trademark of Tracer Research Corp., 3755 N. Business Center Dr., Tucson, AZ 85705.D7223 16310.1.4 Flash PointTest Method D56 or D3828. Test Method D3828 shall be the referee test method.10.1.5 Freezing PointTe
46、st Methods D2386 or D5972. Test Method D2386 shall be the referee test method.10.1.6 ViscosityTest Method D445.10.1.7 Net Heat of CombustionTest Method D4529, D3338, or D4809. Test Method D4809 shall be the referee test method.10.1.8 Corrosion (Copper Strip)Test Method D130.10.1.9 Total AcidityTest
47、Method D3242.10.1.10 SulfurTest Methods D1266, D2622, D4294, or D5453. Test Method D2622 shall be the referee test method.10.1.11 Mercaptan SulfurTest Method D3227.10.1.12 MicroseparometerTest Method D3948.10.1.13 Existent GumTest Method D381.10.1.14 Thermal StabilityTest Method D3241.10.1.15 Aromat
48、icsTest Method D1319.TABLE 1 Detailed Requirements of Aviation Certification Turbine FuelAProperty Jet C-1 ASTM Test MethodBAcidity, total mg KOH/g max 0.10 D3242Vol fraction of aromatics, cL/L min/max 8 to 25 D1319Mass fraction of mercaptan sulfur,C cg/g max 0.003 D3227Mass fraction of total sulfur
49、, cg/g max 0.30 D1266, D2622, D4294 orD5453Distillation temperature, C (F):Initial boiling point, temperature min/max 70/100 (158/212) D2887, D86D5 % recovered, temperature min/max 80/110 (176/230) D2887, D86D10 % recovered, temperature min/max 90/120 (194/248) D2887, D86D20 % recovered, temperature min/max 105/140 (221/284) D2887, D86D50 % recovered, temperature min/max 150/195 (302/383) D2887, D86D90 % recovered, temperature min/max 215/255 (419/491) D2887, D86DFinal boiling point, temperature min/max 240/290 (464/554) D2887, D86DFlash Point,
