1、Designation: D7452 14D7452 15Standard Test Method forEvaluation of the Load Carrying Properties of LubricantsUsed for Final Drive Axles, Under Conditions of High Speedand Shock Loading1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7452; the number immediately following the designation indicat
2、es the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of
3、 the anti-scoring properties of final drive axle lubricating oils when subjectedto high-speed and shock conditions. This test method is commonly referred to as the L-42 test.21.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalcon
4、versions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.2.1 ExceptionsSI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screwthreads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, and single source equipmen
5、t suppliers.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. Spec
6、ific warning information is given in Sections 4 and 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications2.2 Society
7、 of Automotive Engineers Standards:4SAE J308 Information Report on Axle and Manual Transmission LubricantsSAE J2360 Lubricating Oil, Gear Multipurpose (Metric) Military Use3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 coast side, nthe convex side of the pinion and the concav
8、e side of the ring gear which are in contact during decelerationin a forward gear. CRC Manual 215ASTM Distress Rating Manual 2153.1.2 drive side, nthe concave side of the pinion and the convex side of the ring gear which are in contact during accelerationin a forward gear. CRC Manual 215ASTM Distres
9、s Rating Manual 213.1.3 scoring, non the ring and the pinion gear teeth, the displacement of metal by local momentary welding from the geartooth, resulting in the development of a matt, or frosted dull surface. CRC Manual 215ASTM Distress Rating Manual 211 This test method is under the jurisdiction
10、ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0.03 on Automotive Gear Lubricants percent output adjustable.6.6.4 Axle CoolingUse three spray nozzles to distribute water over the cover plate and axle housing as shown in F
11、ig. A2.2.Actuate the water control valve by the temperature PID control system.6.6.4.1 Depending on how the system is plumbed, use spray nozzles in any combination of the following part numbers: StraightMale NPT (Part No. 3/8GG-SS22), 90 Male NPT (Part No. 3/8GGA-SS22), Straight Female NPT (Part No.
12、 3/8G-SS22), and 90Female NPT (Part No. 3/8GA-SS22).8,96.6.4.2 Use a single control valve to control the cooling water supply. The control shall be a 12 in. (12.7 mm) in. (12.7 mm)two-way, C linear trim, air to close, Research Control valve. Use a single PID loop to maintain the axle lubricant tempe
13、raturecontrol for both the Standard and Canadian version test. A separate PID loop control for each version is not permitted. See AnnexA1.6.6.4.3 Use only38 in. or 12 in. (9.5 mm or 12.7 mm) in. (9.5 mm or 12.7 mm) line material to the spray nozzles.6.6.4.4 Use a minimum supply water pressure of 25
14、psig (172 kPa) 25 psig (172 kPa) to the control valve.6.6.4.5 Use an axle containment box as shown in Fig. A2.10. The purpose is to contain water.6 Parts and Model 44 Maintenance Manual available from Dana Corporation, P.O. Box 2424, Fort Wayne, IN 46801.7 API Publication 1560, Lubricant Service Des
15、ignations for Automotive Manual Transmissions, Manual Transaxles, and Axles,American Petroleum Institute, Washington,DC.8 The sole source supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is Spray Systems Company, and can be purchased through E. I. Pfaff Company, 3443 EdwardsRoad, Suite D,
16、 Cincinnati, OH 45208.9 If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at ameeting of the responsible technical committee,1 which you may attend.D7452 1526.6.4.6 Use a locating pin or sto
17、p block as an indexing device to ensure that all subsequent axle installations are consistentlyinstalled perpendicular with the axle housing cover to engine and transmission drive-shaft centerline.6.7 Torque MeterInclude in the test equipment a torque meter installed in the drive shaft (see Figs. A2
18、.3-A2.5) to measurethe torque applied to the pinion. Install a Himmelstein inline torque meter Model numbers MCRT28061T(1-4) orMCRT2661TN(1-4)9,10 without a foot mount and a range of 10 000 lb-in. (1130 Nm) 10 000 lb-in. (1130 Nm) shall be installedto measure pinion torque. Additional suffix letters
19、 only indicate allowable options.6.8 Signal ConditioningUse a Himmelstein Models 701 or 711 strain gage conditioner for signal conditioning. Set the lowpass cut-off frequency at 10 Hz.10 Hz.6.9 Digital Data Acquisition SystemSystem requires capability of measuring a minimum of five channels at sampl
20、ingfrequencies outlined in Section 10.6.9.1 Do not use hardware or software filtering for the pinion torque channel during data acquisition periods of the test.6.10 DynamometersTwo axle dynamometers (Midwest Dynamatic, Model 3232)9,11 with suitable control equipment capableof maintaining specified t
21、est conditions.6.11 Engine Speed ControlSystem requires a device to maintain steady state conditions and also provide adjustable throttleacceleration and deceleration rates to attain specified shock loading torques.6.11.1 Throttle Controller SystemUse a Foxboro/Jordan Controller, Model AD7530.9,12 U
22、se a power transformer from AcmeElectric Corp. PN T-1-81058 or equivalent, primary volts 120X240, secondary volts (120 V (120 V primary by 240 V 240 Vsecondary), 16/32 (13 mm) (13 mm) center tap, 0.500 kVA (0.5 kW) 0.500 kVA (0.5 kW) in conjunction with the Foxboro/JordanController.6.12 Connecting S
23、haftsUse connecting shafts of equal length 6 1 in. (25.4 mm) 61 in. (25.4 mm) and less than 30 in. (762mm) 30 in. (762 mm) long from flange face to flange face. Use a tubing diameter of 3.5 6 0.2 in. (88.9 mm 6 5.1 mm) 3.5 in.6 0.2 in. (88.9 mm 6 5.1 mm) OD, with a wall thickness of 0.095 6 0.005 in
24、. (2.41 mm 6 0.13 mm) 0.095 in. 6 0.005 in.(2.41 mm 6 0.13 mm) if tubing is required to fabricate the shafts. Ensure the shafts are dynamically (spin) balanced and strongenough to handle torques up to 2100 lbf-ft (2847 Nm). 2100 lbf-ft (2847 Nm). Use an operating angle of (00 6 0.5).0.5.6.13 Power T
25、rainThe power train consists of a gasoline powered V-8 GM performance Ramjet 5.7 L 5.7 L marine enginecoupled with a five speed manual transmission capable of supplying specified shock loading torques. The engine and transmissionoperating angle shall be (00 6 0.5).0.5.6.13.1 All recommended replacem
26、ent parts are available through local General Motors dealers.Alist of these replacement partsare shown in Table 1. Do not make modifications to the engine that would affect the engines factory displacement or compressionratio.10 The sole source supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this
27、time is S. Himmelstein and Company, 2490 Pembroke Avenue, Hoffman Estates, IL 60195.11 Available from Dyne Systems, P.O. Box 18 W209 N17391 Industrial Drive, Jackson, WI 53037.12 Available from Fox/Jordan, Inc., 5607 West Douglas Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53218.TABLE 1 Recommended Power Train Replacemen
28、t Parts ListParts Part NumberRamjet Engine Includes ECM 12495515Five Speed Transmission 15747134 or15747232Bell Housing 15998496Clutch Assembly 15002591Throw Out Bearing 15705563Dip Stick 10190942Dip Stick Tube 12552920Flywheel 10105832Flywheel Bolt (6 req.) 12337973Pilot Bearing 14061685Master Cyli
29、nder 15727261Actuating Cylinder 15046288Pulley, Water Pump 14023155Pulley, Crankshaft 14023147Belt 9433720Starter 10496873Engine Control Unit 12489488Throttle Body from 2000 Corvette. 17113669Throttle Body TPS Connector P/N 12116247Throttle Body Actuator Motor Connector P/N 12167121K where: (1) yyyy
30、ymmdd isthe date the calibration sequence is started, and (2) x is a number that starts with one and is incremented each time a change ismade that requires that calibration sequence to be started over.13.5.1 Changing the torque settings is an example of a change that would require the calibration se
31、quence to start over.D7452 15914. Precision and Bias14.1 Precision:14.1.1 Test precision is established on the basis of operationally valid reference oil test results monitored by the TMC.14.1.2 Intermediate Precision ConditionsConditions where test results are obtained with the same test method usi
32、ng the sameoil, with changing conditions such as operators, measuring equipment, test stands, test engines and time.NOTE 2Intermediate precision is the appropriate term for this test method rather than repeatability, which defines more rigorous within-laboratoryconditions.14.1.2.1 Intermediate Preci
33、sion Limit (i.p.)The difference between two results obtained under intermediate precisionconditions that would, in the long run, in the normal and correct conduct of the test method, exceed the values shown in Table 2in only one case in twenty. When only a single test result is available, the Interm
34、ediate Precision Limit can be used to calculatea range (test result 6 Intermediate Precision Limit) outside of which a second test result would be expected to fall about one timein twenty.14.1.3 Reproducibility ConditionsConditions where test results are obtained with the same test method using the
35、same test oilin different laboratories with different operators using different equipment.14.1.3.1 Reproducibility Limit (R)The difference between two results obtained under reproducibility conditions that would,in the long run, in the normal and correct conduct of the test method, exceed the values
36、 shown in Table 2 in only one case in twenty.When only a single test result is available, the Reproducibility Limit can be used to calculate a range (test result6ReproducibilityLimit) outside of which a second test result would be expected to fall about one time in twenty.14.2 BiasNo estimate of bia
37、s is possible, as the behavior of a lubricant is determined only under the specific conditions ofthe test and no absolute standards exist.15. Keywords15.1 automotive gear oils; extreme pressure lubricants; final drive axle; hypoid gear lubricants; L-42ANNEXES(Mandatory Information)A1. L-42 TEST VERS
38、IONSA1.1 Test VersionsThis test method has two commonly used versions. The test procedures and conditions described previouslyin this test method will be referred to as the standard version. All versions maintain the same test procedures, pinion loads, andwheel speed conditions. The differences occu
39、r in the axle oil temperature only. Table A1.1 describes each version.NOTE A1.1In shock series 2 for the Canadian test method, the cooling water control set point is set to 200F (93.3 C). 200 F (93.3 C). The maximumrise above the starting temperature during the shock sequence is to be 15F (8.3 C), 1
40、5 F (8.3 C), or the test is considered non-interpretable.A1.2 L-42 Canadian Version Test RequirementsA1.2.1 Calibration Test Acceptance (see Section 9):A1.2.1.1 Calibration status of the L-42 Canadian Version test is determined by successfully calibrating a test stand according tothe L-42 Standard V
41、ersion test requirements detailed in Section 9. In other words, a stand that is calibrated for the L-42 StandardVersion test is automatically calibrated for the L-42 Canadian Version test.TABLE 2 Reference Oil StatisticsAVariable, Merits Intermediate Precision Reproducibilitysi.p.B i.p.C sRB RCScori
42、ng 5.49 15.37 5.49 15.37A These statistics are based on results obtained on TMC Reference Oil 116 as ofMay 7, 2007.B s = standard deviations.C This value is obtained by multiplying the standard deviation by 2.8.D7452 1510A1.2.2 Test Procedure:A1.2.2.1 Operate the test as outlined in 10.1 through 10.
43、5 of the L-42 Standard Version test with the exceptions of the followingsections. The procedure modifications listed in this annex refer to the corresponding section of the L-42 Standard Version test.A1.2.2.2 Differential housing oil temperature is 175 6 5F (79.4 C 6 2.8 C) 175 F 6 5 F (79.4 C 6 2.8
44、 C) at the start ofShock Series 1, see 10.3.1.3.A1.2.2.3 Ensure that the axle cooling water remains turned on through out the remainder of the test, see 10.3.2.1.A1.2.2.4 Set and maintain the differential housing oil temperature at 200 6 5F (93.3 C 6 2.8 C), 200 F 6 5 F (93.3 C 62.8 C), see 10.5.1.1
45、.A2. SYSTEM DRAWINGSA2.1 The following drawings are shown to assist the users of this test method.TABLE A1.1 Test VersionsA,BTestVersionShock Series 1Starting TemperatureShock Series 2Starting TemperatureStandard 200 5F (93.3 C 2.8 C) See 10.5.1.1Canadian 175 5F (79.4 C 2.8 C) 200 5F (93.3 C 2.8 C)T
46、ABLE A1.1 Test VersionsA,BTestVersionShock Series 1Starting TemperatureShock Series 2Starting TemperatureStandard 200 F 5 F (93.3 C 2.8C)See 10.5.1.1Canadian 175 F 5 F (79.4 C 2.8C)200 F 5 F (93.3 C 2.8C)A Both versions use the same wheel speed, load conditions, and test procedures(except Note A1.1)
47、 as described in Section 10.B The Canadian test version is typically used for evaluation of 70W, 70W-XX, 75W,and 75W-xx lubricants.D7452 1511FIG. A2.1 Cover Plate Temperature Sensor Locating DeviceD7452 1512FIG. A2.2 Location of Spray Nozzles on AxleD7452 1513FIG. A2.3 Drive Shaft Torque Meter Assem
48、blyD7452 1514FIG. A2.4 Torque Meter AdapterD7452 1515FIG. A2.5 Torque Meter Adapter FlangeD74521516FIG. A2.6 Hinge Plate Stand AssemblyD7452 1517FIG. A2.7 Hinge PlateD7452 1518FIG. A2.8 Spring PlateD7452 1519FIG. A2.9 Spring Plate MountD7452 1520FIG. A2.10 Axle Containment BoxD7452 1521FIG. A2.11 Co
49、nditioning 1 conduct laboratory visits; perform statistical analyses of reference oil test data; blend,store, and ship reference oils; and provide the associated administrative functions to maintain the referencing calibration programfor various lubricant tests as directed by Subcommittee D02.B and the Test Monitoring Board. The TMC coordinates its activitieswith the test sponsors, the test developers, the surveillance panels, and the testing laboratories.A4.2
