1、Designation: D7578 101D7578 15Standard Guide forCalibration Requirements for Elemental Analysis ofPetroleum Products and Lubricants1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7578; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of re
2、vision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1 NOTEUpdated Table 8 to correct Referenced Document editorially in August 2011.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This guide
3、covers different ways by which the test methods used for elemental analysis of petroleum product and lubricantsamples are calibrated before the sample analysis.1.2 Uniform practice for test method calibration is beneficial in standardizing the procedures, and obtaining consistent resultsacross diffe
4、rent laboratories.1.3 This guide includes only the basic steps for generally encountered instrument types. Anything out of the ordinary mayrequire special procedures. See individual test methods for instructions to handle such situations.1.4 This guide is not a substitute for a thorough understandin
5、g of the actual test method to be used, caveats it contains, andadditional instrument preparation that may be required.1.5 The user should not expand the scope of the test methods to materials or concentrations outside the scope of the test methodsbeing used.1.6 This guide should also be applicable
6、to sample preparation of non-petroleum based bio-fuels for elemental analysis. Workis underway on these aspects in Subcommittee D02.03. As more information becomes available, it will be added to this standard.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measure
7、ment are included in this standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitat
8、ions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (General High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)D482 Test Method for Ash
9、from Petroleum ProductsD808 Test Method for Chlorine in New and Used Petroleum Products (High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)D874 Test Method for Sulfated Ash from Lubricating Oils and AdditivesD892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubricating OilsD1018 Test Method for Hydrogen In Pe
10、troleum FractionsD1091 Test Methods for Phosphorus in Lubricating Oils and AdditivesD1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp Method)D1318 Test Method for Sodium in Residual Fuel Oil (Flame Photometric Method)D1548 Test Method for Vanadium in Heavy Fuel Oil1 (Withdrawn 1997)3D1552 Tes
11、t Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by High Temperature Combustion and IR Detection1 This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.03 on Elemental Analysis.Current edit
12、ion approved Feb. 15, 2010June 1, 2015. Published March 2010June 2015. Originally approved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 2010 asD7578 101. DOI: 10.1520/D7578-10.10.1520/D7578-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at servi
13、ceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an
14、 ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as publis
15、hed by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D1839 Test Method for Amyl Nitrate in Diesel FuelsD2622 Test Method
16、 for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2784 Test Method for Sulfur in Liquefied Petroleum Gases (Oxy-Hydrogen Burner or Lamp)D3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative MicrocoulometryD3228 T
17、est Method for Total Nitrogen in Lubricating Oils and Fuel Oils by Modified Kjeldahl MethodD3230 Test Method for Salts in Crude Oil (Electrometric Method)D3231 Test Method for Phosphorus in GasolineD3237 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline by Atomic Absorption SpectroscopyD3246 Test Method for Sulfur i
18、n Petroleum Gas by Oxidative MicrocoulometryD3340 Test Method for Lithium and Sodium in Lubricating Greases by Flame Photometer (Withdrawn 2013)3D3341 Test Method for Lead in GasolineIodine Monochloride MethodD3348 Test Method for Rapid Field Test for Trace Lead in Unleaded Gasoline (Colorimetric Me
19、thod)D3605 Test Method for Trace Metals in Gas Turbine Fuels by Atomic Absorption and Flame Emission SpectroscopyD3831 Test Method for Manganese in Gasoline By Atomic Absorption SpectroscopyD4045 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Hydrogenolysis and Rateometric ColorimetryD4046 Test Met
20、hod for Alkyl Nitrate in Diesel Fuels by SpectrophotometryD4047 Test Method for Phosphorus in Lubricating Oils and Additives by Quinoline Phosphomolybdate MethodD4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD4307 Practice for Pre
21、paration of Liquid Blends for Use as Analytical StandardsD4628 Test Method for Analysis of Barium, Calcium, Magnesium, and Zinc in Unused Lubricating Oils by Atomic AbsorptionSpectrometryD4629 Test Method for Trace Nitrogen in Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Syringe/Inlet Oxidative Combustion andCh
22、emiluminescence DetectionD4927 Test Methods for Elemental Analysis of Lubricant and Additive ComponentsBarium, Calcium, Phosphorus, Sulfur,and Zinc by Wavelength-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence SpectroscopyD4929 Test Methods for Determination of Organic Chloride Content in Crude OilD4951 Test Method f
23、or Determination of Additive Elements in Lubricating Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma AtomicEmission SpectrometryD5056 Test Method for Trace Metals in Petroleum Coke by Atomic AbsorptionD5059 Test Methods for Lead in Gasoline by X-Ray SpectroscopyD5184 Test Methods for Determination of Aluminum an
24、d Silicon in Fuel Oils by Ashing, Fusion, Inductively Coupled PlasmaAtomic Emission Spectrometry, and Atomic Absorption SpectrometryD5185 Test Method for Multielement Determination of Used and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils by InductivelyCoupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)D5
25、291 Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Petroleum Products and LubricantsD5384 Test Methods for Chlorine in Used Petroleum Products (Field Test Kit Method)D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fue
26、l, Diesel Engine Fuel,and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5600 Test Method for Trace Metals in Petroleum Coke by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry(ICP-AES)D5622 Test Methods for Determination of Total Oxygen in Gasoline and Methanol Fuels by Reductive PyrolysisD5708 Test
27、 Methods for Determination of Nickel, Vanadium, and Iron in Crude Oils and Residual Fuels by Inductively CoupledPlasma (ICP) Atomic Emission SpectrometryD5762 Test Method for Nitrogen in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Boat-Inlet ChemiluminescenceD5800 Test Method for Evaporation Loss of Lubrica
28、ting Oils by the Noack MethodD5863 Test Methods for Determination of Nickel, Vanadium, Iron, and Sodium in Crude Oils and Residual Fuels by FlameAtomic Absorption SpectrometryD6334 Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline by Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray FluorescenceD6443 Test Method for Determination of Ca
29、lcium, Chlorine, Copper, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Zinc in UnusedLubricating Oils and Additives by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (Mathematical CorrectionProcedure)D6445 Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline by Energy-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (Withdrawn
30、 2009)3D6470 Test Method for Salt in Crude Oils (Potentiometric Method)D6481 Test Method for Determination of Phosphorus, Sulfur, Calcium, and Zinc in Lubrication Oils by Energy Dispersive X-rayFluorescence SpectroscopyD6595 Test Method for Determination of Wear Metals and Contaminants in Used Lubri
31、cating Oils or Used Hydraulic Fluids byRotating Disc Electrode Atomic Emission SpectrometryD7578 152D6667 Test Method for Determination of Total Volatile Sulfur in Gaseous Hydrocarbons and Liquefied Petroleum Gases byUltraviolet FluorescenceD6728 Test Method for Determination of Contaminants in Gas
32、Turbine and Diesel Engine Fuel by Rotating Disc ElectrodeAtomic Emission SpectrometryD6732 Test Method for Determination of Copper in Jet Fuels by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption SpectrometryD6792 Practice for Quality System in Petroleum Products and Lubricants Testing LaboratoriesD6920 Test Meth
33、od for Total Sulfur in Naphthas, Distillates, Reformulated Gasolines, Diesels, Biodiesels, and Motor Fuels byOxidative Combustion and Electrochemical DetectionD7039 Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline, Diesel Fuel, Jet Fuel, Kerosine, Biodiesel, Biodiesel Blends, and Gasoline-EthanolBlends by Monochr
34、omatic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD7040 Test Method for Determination of Low Levels of Phosphorus in ILSAC GF 4 and Similar Grade Engine Oils byInductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission SpectrometryD7041 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons,
35、Motor Fuels, and Oils by Online GasChromatography with Flame Photometric DetectionD7111 Test Method for Determination of Trace Elements in Middle Distillate Fuels by Inductively Coupled Plasma AtomicEmission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)D7171 Test Method for Hydrogen Content of Middle Distillate Petroleum
36、Products by Low-Resolution Pulsed Nuclear MagneticResonance SpectroscopyD7212 Test Method for Low Sulfur in Automotive Fuels by Energy-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry Using aLow-Background Proportional CounterD7220 Test Method for Sulfur inAutomotive, Heating, and Jet Fuels by Monochromat
37、ic Energy Dispersive X-ray FluorescenceSpectrometryD7260 Practice for Optimization, Calibration, and Validation of Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry(ICP-AES) for Elemental Analysis of Petroleum Products and LubricantsD7303 Test Method for Determination of Metals in Lubricating
38、Greases by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic EmissionSpectrometryD7318 Test Method for Existent Inorganic Sulfate in Ethanol by Potentiometric TitrationD7319 Test Method for Determination of Existent and Potential Sulfate and Inorganic Chloride in Fuel Ethanol and Butanol byDirect Injection Suppress
39、ed Ion ChromatographyD7328 Test Method for Determination of Existent and Potential Inorganic Sulfate and Total Inorganic Chloride in Fuel Ethanolby Ion Chromatography Using Aqueous Sample InjectionD7343 Practice for Optimization, Sample Handling, Calibration, and Validation of X-ray Fluorescence Spe
40、ctrometry Methodsfor Elemental Analysis of Petroleum Products and LubricantsD7455 Practice for Sample Preparation of Petroleum and Lubricant Products for Elemental AnalysisD7622 Test Method for Total Mercury in Crude Oil Using Combustion and Direct Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Method withZeeman Back
41、ground CorrectionD7623 Test Method for Total Mercury in Crude Oil Using Combustion-GoldAmalgamation and Cold VaporAtomicAbsorptionMethodD7691 Test Method for MultielementAnalysis of Crude Oils Using Inductively Coupled PlasmaAtomic Emission Spectrometry(ICP-AES)D7740 Practice for Optimization, Calib
42、ration, and Validation of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for Metal Analysis ofPetroleum Products and LubricantsD7751 Test Method for Determination of Additive Elements in Lubricating Oils by EDXRF AnalysisD7757 Test Method for Silicon in Gasoline and Related Products by MonochromaticWavelength Dispe
43、rsive X-ray FluorescenceSpectrometryE77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of ThermometersE319 Practice for the Evaluation of Single-Pan Mechanical BalancesE898 Test Method of Testing Top-Loading, Direct-Reading Laboratory Scales and Balances2.2 NIST Standard:4NIST Special Publication 260-1
44、36 Definitions of Terms and Modes Used at NIST for Value-Assignment of Reference Materialsfor Chemical Measurements2.3 ISO Standard:5ISO Guide 30 Terms and definitions used in connection with reference materials3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:4 Available from National Institute of Standards and Techno
45、logy (NIST), 100 Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http:/www.nist.gov.5 Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.ch.D7578 1533.1.1 calibration standard, nmaterial w
46、ith a certified value for a relevant property, issued by or traceable to a nationalorganization such as NIST, and whose properties are known with sufficient accuracy to permit its use to evaluate the same propertyof another sample. D67923.1.2 certified reference material, CRM, nreference material on
47、e or more of whose property values are certified by atechnically valid procedure, accompanied by a traceable certificate or other documentation which is issued by a certifying body.ISO Guide 303.1.3 check standard, nmaterial having an assigned (known) value (reference value) used to determine the ac
48、curacy of themeasurement system or instrument. This standard is not used to calibrate the measurement instrument or system. D71713.1.4 reference material, RM, nmaterial with accepted reference value(s), accompanied by an uncertainty at a stated level ofconfidence for desired properties, which may be
49、 used for calibration or quality control purposes in the laboratory.3.1.4.1 DiscussionSometimes these may be prepared “in-house” provided the reference values are established using standard primary procedures withknown precision uncertainties. See below for further discussion. D67923.1.5 traceability, nproperty of the result of a measurement or the value of a standard whereby it can be related to statedreferences, usually national or international standards, through an unbroken chain of comparisons all having stated uncertainties.D67924. Summary of Guide4.1 This gu
