1、Designation: D8011 17Standard Specification forNatural Gasoline as a Blendstock in Ethanol Fuel Blends oras a Denaturant for Fuel Ethanol1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8011; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case
2、 of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers natural gasoline to be used asa hydrocarbon blendstock in ethanol
3、 fuel blends for flexible-fuel automotive spark-ignition engines (Specification D5798).In the United States, these blends are referred to commerciallyas Ethanol Flex Fuel.1.2 This specification also covers natural gasoline to be usedas a denaturant in denatured fuel ethanol for blending withgasoline
4、s for use as automotive spark-ignition engine fuel(Specification D4806).1.3 Specific regulatory requirements for the intended usesfrom various jurisdictions are given in appendixes for infor-mation.1.4 This specification is not intended to provide a marketspecification nor a regulatory reference for
5、 natural gasoline forany use other than as a hydrocarbon blendstock in ethanol fuelblends or as a denaturant in denatured fuel ethanol.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.1.5.1 ExceptionValues given in parentheses are providedfor information only.2. Referenced Documents2.
6、1 ASTM Standards:2D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products andLiquid Fuels at Atmospheric PressureD287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum andPetroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-rationD1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Pe
7、troleum Products (LampMethod)D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in LightLiquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-lometryD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density,
8、and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, LiquidFuels, and LubricantsD4176 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contami-nation in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection P
9、rocedures)D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affected by Trace ContaminationD4806 Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blend-ing with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-IgnitionEngine FuelD481
10、4 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition EngineFuelD4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline andGasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)D5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Mini Method)D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark I
11、gnition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5482 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Mini MethodAtmospheric)D5580 Test Method for Determination of Benzene, Toluene,Ethylbenzene, p/m-Xylene, o-Xylene, C9and HeavierAromatics, and Total Aromatic
12、s in Finished Gasoline byGas ChromatographyD5798 Specification for Ethanol Fuel Blends for Flexible-Fuel Automotive Spark-Ignition EnginesD5842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels forVolatility MeasurementD5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samplesof Petroleum and Petroleum Prod
13、ucts1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.A0 on Gasoline and Oxygenated Fuels.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2017. Published February 2017. Originallyapproved in 201
14、6. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D8011 16. DOI:10.1520/D8011-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onth
15、e ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on stand
16、ardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1D6378 Test Method for Determination of Vapor Pressure(VPX) of Petroleum Products, Hydroca
17、rbons, andHydrocarbon-Oxygenate Mixtures (Triple ExpansionMethod)D6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and FuelSystemsD6550 Test Method for Determination of Olefin Content ofGasolines by Supercritical-Fluid ChromatographyD6730 Test Method for Determination of Individual Com-ponents in Spa
18、rk Ignition Engine Fuels by 100MetreCapillary (with Precolumn) High-Resolution Gas Chro-matographyD6920 Test Method for Total Sulfur in Naphthas, Distillates,Reformulated Gasolines, Diesels, Biodiesels, and MotorFuels by Oxidative Combustion and Electrochemical De-tectionD7039 Test Method for Sulfur
19、 in Gasoline, Diesel Fuel, JetFuel, Kerosine, Biodiesel, Biodiesel Blends, andGasoline-Ethanol Blends by Monochromatic WavelengthDispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD7096 Test Method for Determination of the Boiling RangeDistribution of Gasoline by Wide-Bore Capillary GasChromatographyD7220 Te
20、st Method for Sulfur in Automotive, Heating, andJet Fuels by Monochromatic Energy Dispersive X-rayFluorescence SpectrometryD7347 Test Method for Determination of Olefin Content inDenatured Ethanol by Supercritical Fluid Chromatogra-phyD7576 Test Method for Determination of Benzene and TotalAromatics
21、 in Denatured Fuel Ethanol by Gas Chromatog-raphyD7667 Test Method for Determination of Corrosiveness toSilver by Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine FuelThinSilver Strip MethodD7671 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Silver by Automo-tive SparkIgnition Engine FuelSilver Strip MethodD7757 Test Method for
22、 Silicon in Gasoline and RelatedProducts by Monochromatic Wavelength DispersiveX-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry2.2 Canadian National Standards:3CAN/CGSB-3.512 Automotive Ethanol Fuel (E50-E85)CAN/CGSB 3.516 Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Use in Au-tomotive Spark Ignition FuelsCAN/CGSB 3.0 No. 60.32 Stand
23、ard Test Method for theDetermination of Corrosiveness to Silver of Gasoline,Middle Distillate Fuels and Oxygenated Fuels using SilverWool: Rapid Ultrasonic Method2.3 Government Regulations:CFR Title 40, Part 79 Registration of Fuels and FuelAdditives4CFR Title 40, Part 80 Regulation of Fuels and Fue
24、l Addi-tives4CFR Title 27, Part 19 Distilled Spirits Plants4CFR Title 27, Part 20 Distribution and Use of DenaturedAlcohol and Rum4CFR Title 27, Part 21 Formulas for Denatured Alcohol andRum4CCR Title 13 2260-2298, California Code of Regula-tions53. Terminology3.1 For general terminology, refer to T
25、erminology D4175.NOTE 1The user is advised that the definitions used by variousindustries, marketers, and regulatory bodies can differ from those specificto this specification. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that theterms used in a particular context are clearly understood. Appendix
26、X7contains additional information for a number of these terms.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 dry vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE), nvalue cal-culated by a defined correlation equation that is expected to becomparable to the vapor pressure value obtained by TestMethod D4953, Procedure A. D49533.2.2 natural ga
27、soline, na hydrocarbon blend composedpredominately of molecules with 5 to 8 carbon atoms andtypically separated from the production flows from natural gaswells or crude oil wells.3.2.2.1 DiscussionThese hydrocarbon blends may be pro-cessed to further remove lighter or heaver hydrocarbons orreduce su
28、lfur content. Other names for this blend includenaphtha and field naphtha.3.2.2.2 DiscussionDifferent government regulations maydefine “natural gasoline” in different ways. Refer to specificregulations.3.3 Abbreviations:3.3.1 CARBCalifornia Air Resources Board3.3.2 CFRU.S. Code of Federal Regulation
29、s3.3.3 CGSBCanadian General Standards Board3.3.4 DVPEDry Vapor Pressure Equivalent3.3.5 EFBEthanol Fuel Blend3.3.6 EPAThe U.S. Environmental Protection Agency3.3.7 TTBAlcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau ofthe U.S. Department of Treasury3.3.8 U.S.United States of America4. Performance Requiremen
30、ts4.1 See Table 1.5. Regulatory Requirements5.1 Natural gasoline shall meet the performance require-ments in Table 1. It will also need to meet additional limitsrelated to the regulatory requirements of the authority havingjurisdiction for regulating denaturants and hydrocarbon blend-stocks. The hyd
31、rocarbons used as denaturants to produce3Canadian fuel standards are available from Canadian General Standards Board:CGSB Sales Centre Gatineau, Canada K1A 1G6; web site: http:/ printed copy of the Code of Federal Regulations may be purchased from theU.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of
32、 Documents, 732 N. Capitol St.,NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401 or the online store at http:/bookstore.gpo.gov/. The Code of Federal Regulations may be browsed online athttp:/www.gpoaccess.gov/cfr/index.html.5California regulations are available online at http:/.D8011 172denatured fuel ethan
33、ol and as hydrocarbon blendstock used toproduce ethanol fuel blends are covered by regulations specificto a jurisdiction or by multiple regulations due to overlappingjurisdictions. Appendixes have been developed to provideinformation for several jurisdictions describing the require-ments for product
34、s and activities within the designated juris-diction:5.1.1 Appendix X2: Regulatory Requirements for Canada.5.1.2 Appendix X3: Regulatory Requirements for theUnited States.5.1.3 Appendix X4: Regulatory Requirements for Califor-nia. (See Appendix X3 and Appendix X4.)5.1.4 Table X1.1 provides the limit
35、s established by relevantregulatory agencies for Canada, the United States and the Stateof California at the time of publication of this standard. TableX1.2 provides limits for parameters based on the regulatoryrequirements of U.S. and California regulatory agencies andpossible usage scenarios in th
36、e marketplace.5.2 Consult the appropriate regulatory agencies to confirm ifhydrocarbons other than natural gasoline may be mixed withthe natural gasoline to be used as a denaturant for denaturedfuel ethanol or as a hydrocarbon blendstock for blending withdenatured fuel ethanol to produce ethanol fue
37、l blends. The useof hydrocarbons other than natural gasoline can result inparameter limits other than the values in these tables tomaintain compliance with the jurisdictional regulations.5.3 Other agencies or jurisdictions not listed may alsoestablish additional requirements for natural gasoline use
38、d asthe denaturant in denatured fuel ethanol or as the hydrocarbonblendstock in ethanol fuel blends. The user of this standard isresponsible for consulting the jurisdiction where the denaturedfuel ethanol and ethanol fuel blends will be produced and usedto determine specific regulatory compliance re
39、quirements.6. Workmanship6.1 At the point of custody transfer, natural gasoline shall bevisually free of sediment, undissolved water, and suspendedmatter. It shall be clear and bright at the fuel temperature at thepoint of custody transfer or at an alternative temperature agreedupon by the purchaser
40、 and seller. The product shall be free ofany adulterant or contaminant that can render the materialunacceptable for its commonly used applications.NOTE 2Test Method D4176 can be helpful for evaluating the product.6.2 The specification defines only the basic requirements fornatural gasoline. Buyers a
41、nd sellers may agree upon morestringent requirements.6.2.1 Producers and blenders of natural gasoline shall avoidnatural gasoline contaminated by silicon-containing materials.Silicon contamination of gasoline, denatured ethanol, and theirblends has led to fouled vehicle components (for example,spark
42、 plugs, exhaust oxygen sensors, catalytic converters)requiring parts replacement and repairs. Test Method D7757 isa procedure for determining silicon content that might beapplicable to natural gasoline. No specification limits havebeen established for silicon.6.2.2 Producers and blenders of natural
43、gasoline shall avoidnatural gasoline contaminated by any materials not composedof carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur (non-CHONS). There is concern that the limited processing receivedby some natural gasoline (in comparison to the processingreceived by gasoline blending components in conve
44、ntionalrefining) could result in trace contaminants (for example,TABLE 1 Performance RequirementsProperties/Use of Natural Gasoline Denaturant forDenatured Fuel EthanolA,BHydrocarbon Blendstock forEthanol Fuel BlendsCTest MethodsDensity, kg/m3at 15 C, or Report Report D4052API gravity Report Report
45、D287Dry Vapor Pressure Equivalent,at 37.8 C (100 F), kPa (psi)Report ReportD,ED4953, D5191, D5482, D6378Distillation Temperature, End point(or Final Boiling Point), C (F), max225 (437) 225 (437) D86,FD7096Silver corrosion, max No. 1 D7667, D7671,CAN/CGSB 3.0 No. 60.32GSulfur, mg/kg Report Report D12
46、66, D2622,D3120, D5453,D6920, D7039,or D7220Unwashed Gum, mg/100 mL Report Report D381Solvent washed gum, max, mg/100 mL Report 5 D381ANatural gasoline intended for use as a denaturant in denatured fuel ethanol meeting the requirements in Specification D4806. See Section 5 for regulatory requirement
47、srelated to natural gasoline used to produce denatured fuel ethanol.BSee U.S. EPA 40 CFR 80.47 for Performance-Based Analytical Test Method Approach requirements for analytical reporting and validation.CNatural gasoline intended for use as a hydrocarbon blendstock in ethanol fuel blends meeting the
48、requirements in Specification D5798. See Section 5 for regulatoryrequirements related to natural gasoline used to produce ethanol fuel blends.DThe vapor pressure of the natural gasoline used as the hydrocarbon blendstock to produce ethanol fuel blends shall be such that seasonal and geographical lim
49、its asoutlined in Tables 1 and 3 of Specification D5798 are met. Specification D5798 fuel blend vapor pressure ranges from 38 kPa (5.5 psi) to 103 kPa (15.0 psi). The vaporpressure of the blend is a function of the vapor pressure of the hydrocarbon blendstock and the content of ethanol in the blend which can range from 51 % to 83%byvolume.EUsers of natural gasoline may have limits on dry vapor pressure equivalent related to the storage tanks used and environmental permitting of the storag
