1、Designation: D8029 16Standard Specification forBiodegradable, Low Aquatic Toxicity Hydraulic Fluids1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8029; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisio
2、n. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers performance requirements forbiodegradable hydraulic fluids with low aquatic toxicity usedin industrial/m
3、obile hydraulic applications.1.2 In some cases, biodegradable fluids have been found toperform differently than traditional mineral oils, thus separateperformance requirements are desirable.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It i
4、s theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by ClevelandOpen Cup TesterD97 Test Meth
5、od for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-leum Products by Copper Strip TestD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Productsby P
6、otentiometric TitrationD665 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics ofInhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of WaterD892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubricat-ing OilsD943 Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of InhibitedMineral OilsD974 Test Method for Acid and Base Numbe
7、r by Color-Indicator TitrationD1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or APIGravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-ucts by Hydrometer MethodD1401 Test Method for Water Separability of Petroleum Oilsand Synthetic FluidsD2070 Test Method for Thermal Stability of Hydraulic OilsD2
8、270 Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kine-matic Viscosity at 40 C and 100 CD2422 Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by Vis-cosity SystemD3427 Test Method for Air Release Properties of Hydrocar-bon Based OilsD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and APIGravity of Li
9、quids by Digital Density MeterD4310 Test Method for Determination of Sludging andCorrosion Tendencies of Inhibited Mineral OilsD5864 Test Method for Determining Aerobic Aquatic Bio-degradation of Lubricants or Their ComponentsD6081 Practice for Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Lubricants:Sample Preparati
10、on and Results InterpretationD6546 Test Methods for and Suggested Limits for Deter-mining Compatibility of Elastomer Seals for IndustrialHydraulic Fluid ApplicationsD6731 Test Method for Determining the Aerobic, AquaticBiodegradability of Lubricants or Lubricant Componentsin a Closed RespirometerD68
11、66 Test Methods for Determining the Biobased Contentof Solid, Liquid, and Gaseous Samples Using Radiocar-bon AnalysisD7043 Test Method for Indicating Wear Characteristics ofNon-Petroleum and Petroleum Hydraulic Fluids in aConstant Volume Vane PumpD7373 Test Method for Predicting Biodegradability of
12、Lu-bricants Using a Bio-kinetic ModelD7752 Practice for Evaluating Compatibility of Mixtures ofHydraulic Fluids2.2 EPA Standards:3OPPTS 835.3110 Ready BiodegradabilityOPPTS 850.1010 Aquatic Invertebrate Acute Toxicity Test,Freshwater Daphnids1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Comm
13、ittee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.N0 on Hydraulic Fluids.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2016. Published March 2016. DOI: 10.1520/D8029-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact A
14、STM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3U.S. EPA Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances (7101); available fromUnited States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), William Jeff
15、erson ClintonBldg., 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20460, http:/www.epa.gov.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1OPPTS 850.1075 Fish Acute Toxicity Test, Freshwater andMarineOPPTS 850.5400 Algal Toxicity, Tiers
16、I and II2.3 OECD Standards:4OECD Test No. 107 Partition Coefficient (N-Octanol/Water), Shake Flask MethodOECD Test No. 117 Partition Coefficient (N-Octanol/Water),High Performance Liquid Chromatography MethodOECD Test No. 123 Partition Coefficient (1-Octanol/Water):Slow-Stirring MethodOECD Test No.
17、201 Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria,Growth Inhibition TestOECD Test No. 202 Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation TestOECD Test No. 203 Fish, Acute Toxicity TestOECD Test No. 301 Ready BiodegradabilityOECD Test No. 305 Bioaccumulation in Fish: Aqueous andDietary Exposure2.4 CEC Standards:5CEC Test Meth
18、od L-45-99 Viscosity Shear Stability ofTransmission Lubricants2.5 ISO Standards:6ISO 9408 Water QualityEvaluation of Ultimate AerobicBiodegradability of Organic Compounds in Aqueous Me-dium by Determination of Oxygen Demand in a ClosedRespirometerISO 9439 Water QualityEvaluation of Ultimate AerobicB
19、iodegradability of Organic Compounds in AqueousMediumCarbon Dioxide Evolution TestISO 14593 Water QualityEvaluation of Ultimate AerobicBiodegradability of Organic Compounds in AqueousMediumMethod by Analysis of Inorganic Carbon inSealed Vessels (CO2Headspace Test)ISO 17025 General Requirements for t
20、he Competence ofTesting and Calibration Laboratories3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 acute ecotoxicity, nthe propensity of a test materialto produce adverse behavioral, biochemical, or physiologicaleffects in non-human organisms or populations in a shortperiod, usually not constituting a substant
21、ial portion of theirlife span.3.1.2 acute ecotoxicity test, na comparative ecotoxicitytest in which a representative subpopulation of organisms isexposed to different treat rates of a test material and is observedfor a short period, usually not constituting a substantial portionof their life span.3.
22、1.3 bioaccumulation, nthe net accumulation of a sub-stance by an organism as a result of uptake from all environ-mental sources.3.1.4 biodegradation, nthe process of chemical break-down or transformation of a material caused by organisms ortheir enzymes.3.1.4.1 DiscussionBiodegradation is only one m
23、echanismby which materials are transformed in the environment.3.1.5 hydraulic fluid, na liquid used in hydraulic systemsfor lubrication and transmission of power.4. Biodegradable Hydraulic Fluid PerformanceRequirements4.1 Table 1 summarizes the environmental behavior require-ments.4.2 Table 2 summar
24、izes the physical property and perfor-mance requirements.4.3 This specfication assumes that all biodegradable hydrau-lic fluids shall have a minimum impact on human health, whichis documented in the safety data sheet offering a labeling-freeproduct in accordance with globally harmonized system (GHS)
25、regulation.5. Compatibility of Mixtures of Hydraulic Fluids5.1 As a general guideline, different fluids should not bemixed.5.2 Compatibility should be evaluated according to PracticeD7752.6. Keywords6.1 aquatic toxicity; bioaccumulation; biodegradable; envi-ronmentally acceptable lubricants (EAL); f
26、luids; hydraulics4Available from Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD), 2 rue Andr Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France, http:/www.oecd.org.5Available from Coordinating European Council (CEC), Services provided byKellen Europe, Avenue Jules Bordet 142 - 1140, Brussels, Belgium,
27、 http:/www.cectests.org.6Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISOCentral Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,Geneva, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.D8029 162TABLE 1 Environmental Behavior RequirementsNOTE 1The bioconcentration factor (BC
28、F) shall be assessed according to OECD 305, Part C.13 of the Annex to Regulation (EC) No 440/2008, orequivalent test methods.NOTE 2Since most substances used in lubricants are quite hydrophobic, the BCF-value should be based on the lipid weight content and care mustbe shown to ensure a sufficient ex
29、posure time.NOTE 3The log octanol/water partition coefficient (log Kow) shall be assessed according to Part A.8 of the Annex to Regulation (EC) No 440/2008or OECD 107, OECD 117, OECD 123, or equivalent test methods.NOTE 4In case of an organic substance other than a surfactant where no experimental v
30、alue is available, a calculation method can be used.NOTE 5The following calculation methods are allowed: CLOGP, LOGKOW, (KOWWIN) and SPARC. Estimated log Kowvalues by any of thesecalculation methods 7 indicates that the substance is not expected to bioaccumulate.Characteristics of Tests Units Requir
31、ements EPA StandardUltimate Biodegradability, minA% 60 Test Method D5864B/OPPTS 835.3110 former 712-C-98-076% 67 Test Method D6731B/OPPTS 835.3110 former 712-C-98-076BioaccumulationCLog Kow7 OECD Test No. 117DBCF # 100 L kg OECD Test No. 305DAcute Aquatic ToxicityAcute fish toxicity, 96 h, LC50, min
32、Amg/L 100 OPPTS 850.1075Eformer 712-C-96-118Acute Daphnia toxicity, 48 h, EC50, minAmg/L 100 OPPTS 850.1010Fformer 712-C-96-114Acute Algae toxicity, 72 h, EC50, minAmg/L 100 OPPTS 850.5400Gformer 712-C-96-164Renewability % Report Test Methods D6866ABiodegradability and aquatic toxicity tests should
33、be performed according to Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) or ISO 17025. Water-soluble fluids shall be tested inaccordance with the test method cited. Fluids with low water solubility shall be tested using water-accommodated fractions, prepared according to Practice D6081.BTest Methods D5864, D6731, a
34、nd D7373 or comparable methods OECD 301B, OECD 301F, ISO 9408, ISO 9439, or ISO 14593. Please note that Test Method D7373is not a comparable method to other methods listed herein but can be used as a screening test before using the other methods.CBioaccumulation needs only be determined on constitue
35、nt substances that are present above 0.1 % in the final formula and that are classified as neither readilybiodegradable nor inherently biodegradable.DBioaccumulation does not need to be established when the substance (a) has a molecular weight 800 g/mol; (b) has a molecular diameter 1.5 nm (15 ); or
36、 (c)isa polymer and its molecular weight fraction below 1000 g/mol is less than 1 %.EOPPTS 850.1075 or equivalent OECD Test No. 203.FOPPTS 850.1010 or equivalent OECD Test No. 202.GOPPTS 850.5400 or equivalent OECD Test No. 201.D8029 163TABLE2PhysicalPropertyandPerformanceRequirementsPropertiesTestM
37、ethodASTM(Other)ParametersLimitsISOviscositygradeD24221522324668100ViscosityoffreshoilD445kinematicviscosityat40C,mm2/s13.516.519.824.228.835.241.450.661.274.890.0110Viscosity750mm2/sD445temperature,C,max.231582410ViscosityindexD2270reportreportreportreportreportreportViscositychangeaftershearCEC-L-
38、45-99Akinematicviscosityat100C,mm2/saftershearingfor20hmax.10%max.10%max.10%max.10%max.10%max.10%SpecificgravityD1298AreportreportreportreportreportreportAppearanceVisual,20CclearandbrightclearandbrightclearandbrightclearandbrightclearandbrightclearandbrightFlashpointD92temperature,C,min165175185195
39、205215PourpointD97temperature,C,max242118151212AcidnumberD974/D664mgKOH/greportreportreportreportreportreportRustpreventionD665Avisualevaluationafter24h,passorfailpasspasspasspasspasspassD665Bvisualevaluationafter24h,passorfailreportreportreportreportreportreportCorrosionD130coppercorrosion,3hat100C
40、,visual,max222222WaterseparabilityBD1401time(mins)to3mLemulsionmaxat54C3030303030.time(mins)to3mLemulsionmaxat82C.60ElastomercompatibilityD6546SRE-FKM;C168h100CSRE-HNBR;C168h100CSRE-NBR;C168h60C.relativevolumechange,%0to+200to+150to+120to+120to+100to+10changeinShoreAhardness,ratings0to100to80to70to7
41、0to60to6FoamD892SequenceItendency/stabilitymL,max50/050/050/050/050/050/0SequenceIItendency/stabilitymL,max50/050/050/050/050/050/0SequenceIIItendency/stabilitymL,max50/050/050/050/050/050/0AirreleaseD3427time(min)at50C,max77101315.time(min)at75Cmax.reportOxidationstabilityD943 nowatertimeforacidnum
42、berof2mgKOH/g,h100010001000100010001000SludgetendencyD4310 mod.nowatertotalinsolublesludge,mg,max200200200200200200copperoil/sludge,mgreportreportreportreportreportreportThermalstabilityD2070copperappearance,visualreportreport555reportsteelappearance,visualreportreport222reportsludge,mg/100mLreportr
43、eport252525reportWearinhibitionD7043weightlossvanes+ring(mg),66Cmax.50505050.weightlossvanes+ring(mg),80Cmax.5050ATestMethodD4052canalsobeused.BWaterSeparabilityisnotapplicableforwatersolubleoremulsifiablehydraulicfluids.CThesolesourceofsupplyoftheapparatusknowntothecommitteeatthistimeisGermanBundes
44、anstaltfrMaterialforschungundprfung(BAM),Fachbereich7.5UnterdenEichen8712205Berlin.www.bam.de.Ifyouareawareofalternativesuppliers,pleaseprovidethisinformationtoASTMInternationalHeadquarters.Yourcommentswillreceivecarefulconsiderationatameetingoftheresponsibletechnicalcommittee,1whichyoumayattend.D80
45、29 164ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such right
46、s, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional s
47、tandardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM C
48、ommittee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 165
