1、Designation: D8211 18Standard Test Method forHot Surface Ignition Temperature of Gases on Flat Surface1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8211; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revi
2、sion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a means for the discriminationbetween gases, which will ignite or not ignite when impingedon a hot surf
3、ace when that surface is heated to 800 C 6 5C(1472 F) for a period of 2 min in a non-confined environment.1.2 This test method may be applied to any non-pyrophoricsubstance that is a gas or liquefied gas at ambient temperatureand pressure.1.3 This test method should be used subject to the limita-tio
4、ns that no single fire hazard property such as flash point,auto-ignition temperature (AIT), or the performance under theconditions of the present method shall be used to describe orappraise the fire hazard or fire risk of a material, product,assembly, or system under actual fire conditions. Fire haz
5、ardproperties measured under controlled laboratory conditionsmay nevertheless be employed to describe properly the re-sponse of materials, products, assemblies, or systems undersaid controlled conditions. Properties measured under con-trolled laboratory conditions may be used as elements ofhazard or
6、 risk assessment only when such assessments takesinto account all of the factors that are pertinent to the evolutionof the fire hazard of a given situation.1.4 This standard is used to provide a quantitative measureof a gass or liquefied gass realistic surface ignition tempera-ture in a non-quiescen
7、t environment.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses after SI units areprovided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It
8、is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific hazard statements, see Section 9.1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-dance w
9、ith internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standar
10、ds:2E659 Test Method for Autoignition Temperature of Chemi-cals3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 auto ignition temperature (AIT), nthe lowest tem-perature at which a substance spontaneously ignites in normalatmosphere without an external source of ignition.3.1.2
11、camera, ncapable of recording at least 30 frames persecond.3.1.3 chimney, na quartz cylinder tube with the followingdimensions: length: 229 mm 6 10 mm (9.02 in. 6 0.39 in.);inner dimension: 70 mm 6 5 mm (2.76 in. 6 0.2 in.).3.1.4 environmental chamber, na chamber capable ofproviding a draft-free env
12、ironment during testing and able toprovide ventilation after testing is completed; the chamberneeds to be able to completely remove the test substance andany potential substance decomposition products after testinghas completed.3.1.5 gap height, nthe height of the chimney above theinsulation and pla
13、nchet shall be 4 mm.3.1.6 heating element, na unit that is capable of heating asurface in contact with the planchet up to temperatures of atleast 800 C 6 5 C (1472 F).3.1.7 hot surface ignition temperature (HSIT), nthe lowesttemperature at which a substance ignites in normal atmospherewhen impinged
14、upon a heated surface.3.1.8 ignition, nfor the purposes of this test method,ignition shall be defined as any visible flame on or directlyabove the planchet, including the length of the chimney,1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and L
15、ubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.L0 on Industrial Lubricants and Engineering Sciences of HighPerformance Fluids and Solids.Current edition approved July 1, 2018. Published August 2018. DOI: 10.1520/D8211-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm
16、.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis interna
17、tional standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Commi
18、ttee.1generated either initially or up to 2 min after the substance isimpinged on the planchet.3.1.8.1 DiscussionIf no flames are visible within the2 min span, the test shall be deemed to have no ignition at thetemperature tested. Any visible flame outside of the testingchimney shall not be deemed a
19、n ignition but shall require aretest at the same conditions until a definitive ignition/non-ignition is determined.3.1.9 insulation, nceramic non-RCF insulation board witha minimum density of 0.3665 g cm3(0.01324 lb in.3).3.1.9.1 DiscussionInsulation board shall have a minimumthickness of 8 mm 6 0.5
20、 mm (0.315 in. 6 0.02 in.) with a holecut out in the center to allow room for the planchet. Theplanchet should fit tight within the opening, but should also fitsuch that all portions of the bottom of the planchet evenly makecontact with the heating element.3.1.10 lower flammability limit (LFL), nthe
21、 minimumconcentration in air of a substance that is capable of propagat-ing a flame through a homogenous mixture of the substanceand air under specified test conditions.3.1.11 planchet, na flat 316 stainless steel tapered dischaving a top section diameter of: 50.8 mm 6 1.0 mm (2 in. 60.039 in.) and
22、a height of 8.0 mm 6 0.5 mm (0.315 in. 60.02 in.).3.1.11.1 DiscussionThe bottom section has a diameter of:63.5 mm 6 1.0 mm (2.5 in. 6 0.039 in.), with a height of4.7 mm 6 0.5 mm (0.19 in. 6 0.02 in.).3.1.12 scale, nmethod of weighing amount of substancethat is released onto the hot surface.3.1.13 sp
23、ray nozzle, na 0.3175 cm (0.125 in.) stainlesssteel cylindrical tubing with an opening at the release end.3.1.13.1 DiscussionThe tip of the spray nozzle shall havea 45 angle. The tubing shall be 152 mm 6 5 mm (5.98 in. 60.2 in.) in length. The outside diameter of the tubing shall be3.2 mm 6 0.2 mm (
24、0.125 in. 6 0.007 in.) with in insidediameter of 1.6 mm 6 0.1 mm (0.06 in. 6 0.003 in.).3.1.14 substance, nany gas or liquefied gas at ambientpressure and temperature being tested in this standard.3.1.15 thermocouple, ntwo K type thermocouples areconnected to the hot plate to record the surface temp
25、erature.3.1.16 upper flammability limit (UFL), nthe maximumconcentration in air of a substance that is capable of propagat-ing a flame through a homogenous mixture of the substanceand air under specified test conditions.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 With no external ventilation or fan operating, 5 g
26、of thesubstance is released from the spray nozzle onto a planchetheated to 800 C 6 5 C. The environmental chamber contain-ing the test equipment should be quiescent with the exceptionof the convection effect from the planchet.4.2 Ignitions are observed during the initial surface im-pingement of the
27、substance and during the 2 min followingrelease of the substance in the event any ignition occurs postimpingement.5. Significance and Use5.1 The autoignition temperature (AIT) of a gas mixture isthe minimum temperature at which a gas mixture spontane-ously ignites without an external ignition source
28、. AIT istypically determined at atmospheric pressure, using small testvessels open to the atmosphere where gas is quickly injectedinto the test vessel and heated for a pre-determined timeobserving ignition or non-ignition (Test Method E659). AIT isoften not directly applicable to real world conditio
29、ns.Therefore, there is need for a test that determines if a gas orliquefied gas ignites or does not ignite when released onto a hotsurface in a more unconstrained environment.6. Interferences6.1 Air VelocityExternal air movement in the vicinity ofthe planchet can skew the results.6.2 Planchet Foulin
30、gThe planchet can be fouled such thatthere are highs and lows on the surface from repeated refrig-erant releases which can create localized hot spots on thesurface, which can skew the results. If the operator feelsexcessive fouling may be affecting test results, the planchetmay be cleaned by running
31、 60 to 100 grit sandpaper, or anotherfine coarse media, over the surface of the planchet until allfouling is removed.7. Apparatus7.1 A diagram of the test apparatus is shown in Fig. 1.7.2 Testing is to be performed in a standard laboratory fumehood or environmental chamber that has ventilation capab
32、ility.Since testing is performed without ventilation, the chamberneeds to be able to deactivate ventilation during testing.7.3 The heated surface providing temperature to theplanchet is generically described in this standard to allow theresearcher flexibility in design options. The heated surfacesho
33、wn below is only an example and the design may be usedat the researchers discretion.7.4 The chimney shall be elevated at a height of 4 mm overthe top surface of the insulation and planchet. The top of theplanchet shall be flush with the top of the insulation. Careshould be taken when selecting insul
34、ation such that theinsulation does not swell or expand once the test is attemperature, thus reducing the gap between the chimney andthe insulation.7.5 The chimney shall be placed such that the planchet isdirectly in the center of the chimney.7.6 The tip of the spray system line shall be placed 38 mm
35、6 13 mm above the hot plate and shall point at the center of theplanchet with a tolerance of 615 mm. The distance from theend of the tube to the plate shall be kept constant for all testing.The spray system line shall be held in place by a mechanicalsystem, such as clamps, such that the spray line d
36、oes not movewhen the substance being tested is discharged.7.7 Type K thermocouples are attached directly to the top ofthe planchet. The thermocouple may be attached by eitherdirect wielding to the planchet or by mechanical connectionsuch as being compressed between a screw and the surface ofD8211 18
37、2the planchet. It is recommended to make a mechanicalconnection, as stated above, to ensure the thermal couplemaintains contact with the planchet when tested with highpressure substances.8. Reagents and Materials8.1 Environmental Chamber, (fume hood) with the capabil-ity of controlling ventilation.8
38、.2 Heating Element.8.3 Planchet, a flat 316 stainless steel tapered disc.8.4 K-type Thermocouples.8.5 Chimney, a quartz cylinder tube.8.6 Insulation, ceramic non-RCF (refractory ceramic fiber)insulation board.8.7 Spray Nozzle, a 0.3175 cm (0.125 in.) stainless steelcylindrical tubing.8.8 Substance,
39、any non-pyrophoretic gas or liquefied gas atambient pressure and temperature.8.9 Weigh Scale, capable of measuring 5.0 g 6 0.1 g.8.10 Camera, a video camera of recording at least 30 framesper second.9. Hazards9.1 Decomposition Product HazardsThis test involvesrelease of gases or liquefied gases onto
40、 hot surfaces. Depend-ing on the gas released onto the hot surface there can bepotential decomposition products. It is expected that this testmethod will be used with fluorinated substances. Therefore, thepotential decomposition products could be hydrogen fluorideand carbon containing compounds amon
41、g others.9.2 Heat HazardsThis test involves high temperatureswhich are potential hazards.9.3 Electrical HazardsThis test can involve use of elec-trical components which are potential hazards.10. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units10.1 Visual ignitions are to be observed using a high-speedcamera
42、 capable with of at least 30 frames per second.10.2 Each substance being tested shall be recorded forsubstance identifier (name of substance, test number), weightof substance released within 0.1 g and date of testing.10.3 Each of the 10 runs for a given substance shall berecorded for ignition/non-ig
43、nition during initial release and for2 min post-impingement.11. Preparation of Apparatus11.1 The test substance shall be isolated from all heatedsurfaces. It is acceptable if the test substance and scale areoutside of the environmental chamber.11.2 The environmental chamber will be tested for ventil
44、a-tion before testing occurs. The chamber needs to be pre-testedto ensure the chamber can provide adequate ventilation aftertesting has been completed.12. Calibration and Standardization12.1 The scale shall be calibrated to within 0.1 g.FIG. 1 Hot Surface Ignition Temperature Test ApparatusD8211 183
45、12.2 A suitable thermocouple thermometer with cold junc-tion compensation built in shall have a reported accuracy of60.05 % of reading +0.3 C for type K thermocouples.13. Conditioning13.1 The test apparatus will be completely connected suchthat when the hot plate, the planchet, the insulation, and t
46、hethermocouples are connected, the planchet can reach thetesting temperature of 800 C.13.2 The planchet shall maintain 800 C for at least 5 minprior to testing.14. Procedure14.1 Planchet is heated until temperature of 800 C isreached and is maintained for at least 5 min.14.2 Five grams (5 g) of the
47、test substance, at room tem-perature is discharged directly onto planchet. The dischargeshall occur over a maximum of 10 s.14.3 Planchet surface is observed for initial hot surfaceignition.14.4 Planchet is also observed an additional 2 min forpossible ignition. The test area shall be sufficiently da
48、rkened toensure any possible ignition event can be recorded by the videocamera used.14.5 If no visible ignitions occur on the planchet or in thechimney immediately or during the 2 min observation time,this is recorded as non-ignition test.14.6 After the test is completed, ventilation is turned on to
49、clear the enclosure of vapors.14.7 The test is repeated at the same temperature for a totalof 10 times for each substance being tested.14.8 If there is any ignition during any one of the 10replicates, the substance is considered to have failed the test.15. Calculation or Interpretation of Results15.1 This test is a pass/fail type test. Therefore, there is nocalculation or interpretation of the results required.16. Report16.1 Report whether ignitions occur as defined in 3.1.8 atthe desired temperature of 800 C.16.2 If no ignitions occur for
