1、Designation: E190 14Standard Test Method forGuided Bend Test for Ductility of Welds1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E190; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in pa
2、rentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a guided bend test for thedeterminati
3、on of soundness and ductility of welds in ferrousand nonferrous products. Flaws, not shown by X rays, mayappear in the surface of a specimen when it is subjected toprogressive localized overstressing. This guided bend test hasbeen developed primarily for plates and is not intended to besubstituted f
4、or other methods of bend testing.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of
5、 thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E6 Terminology Relating
6、to Methods of Mechanical Testing2.2 AWS Standard:AWS A3.0M/A3.0 Standard Welding Terms and Definitions;Including Terms for Adhesive Bonding, Brazing,Soldering, Thermal Cutting, and Thermal Spraying33. Terminology3.1 Terms in this standard are defined in E6 TerminologyRelating to Methods of Mechanica
7、l Testing.3.2 Additional welding terms including defect,discontinuity, flaw, thermal cutting, weld root, weld face, andweldment are defined in AWS A3.0M/A3.0:2010.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The specimen is bent in a U-shaped die by means of acentrally applied force to the weldment in a flat specim
8、ensupported at two positions equidistant from the line of forceapplication. The specimen is forced into the die by a plungerhaving the shape necessary to produce the desired contour. Theconvex surface of the bent specimen is examined for cracks orother open flaws.5. Significance and Use5.1 The guide
9、d bend test as described in this test method isused to evaluate the quality of welds as a function of ductilityas evidenced by their ability to resist cracking during bending.6. Apparatus6.1 The guided bend test jig is shown in Fig. 1.7. Sampling7.1 Sample accord with the requirements of relevant sp
10、eci-fications and codes.8. Test Specimens8.1 The types of specimens generally used for guided bendtesting are rectangular ones machined from plates and pipes.The weld-face surface of the flat specimen contains the greaterwidth of the weld material, while the opposite side is called theweld-root surf
11、ace.8.1.1 Transverse Side BendThe weld is transverse to thelongitudinal axis of the specimen, which is bent so that eitherone of the side surfaces becomes the convex surface of the bentspecimen (Fig. 2 and Fig. 3).8.1.2 Transverse Face BendThe weld is transverse to thelongitudinal axis of the specim
12、en, which is bent so that theweld-face surface becomes the convex surface of the bentspecimen (Fig. 4).8.1.3 Transverse Root BendThe weld is transverse to thelongitudinal axis of the specimen, which is bent so that theweld-root surface becomes the convex surface of the bentspecimen (Fig. 4).1This te
13、st method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 onMechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.02 onDuctility and Formability.Current edition approved May 1, 2014. Published September 2014. Originallyapproved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E19
14、0 92 (2008).DOI: 10.1520/E0190-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American We
15、lding Society (AWS), 8669 NW 36 Street, #130,Miami, FL 33166-6672, http:/www.aws.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States18.1.4 Longitudinal Face BendThe weld is parallel to thelongitudinal axis of the specimen, which is be
16、nt so that theweld-face surface becomes the convex surface of the bentspecimen (Fig. 5).8.1.5 Longitudinal Root BendThe weld is parallel to thelongitudinal axis of the specimen, which is bent so that theweld-root surface becomes the convex surface of the bentspecimen (Fig. 5).Thickness of Specimenin
17、. (mm)A, in. (mm) B, in. (mm) C, in. (mm) D, in. (mm)38 (9.5) 112 (38)34 (19) 238 (60) 1316 (30)18 (3.2) 218 (54) 1116 (27) 238 (60) 1316 (30)t 4t 2t 6t +18 ( + 3.2) 3t +116 (+1.6)NOTE 1Either hardened and greased shoulders or hardened rollers free to rotate shall be used.NOTE 2The shoulders or roll
18、ers shall have a minimum width of 2 in. (50.8 mm) for the placement of the specimen.NOTE 3The length of the specimen shall be such that the ends will not interfere with the seating of the specimen.NOTE 4The plunger shall be fitted with an appropriate base and provisions for attachment to the testing
19、 machine; and shall be designed to minimizedeflection and misalignment.NOTE 5The die member shall be fitted with an appropriate base designed to safeguard against deflection or misalignment and equipped with meansfor keeping the shoulders or rollers over the midpoint and aligned with respect to the
20、plunger.FIG. 1 Guided Bend Test Jigt, in. (mm) T,in.38 to 112 (9.5 to 38) t112 (38) See Note 1 aboveNOTE 1Cut along this line when t exceeds 112 in. Edge may be thermally cut and may or may not be machined.NOTE 2If thermally cut, machine not less than18 in. from edgesNOTE 3For plates over 112 in. (3
21、8 mm) thick, cut specimen into approximately equal strips between34 and 112 (19 and 38 mm) wide and test eachstrip.FIG. 2 Side-Bend Specimen for Ferrous MaterialsE190 1429. Procedure9.1 Bend the guided-bend specimens in a test jig that issubstantially in accordance with Fig. 1. Place transversespeci
22、mens on the die member of the jig with the weld atmidspan. Place face-bend specimens with the weld face di-rected toward the gap. Place root-bend specimens with thet, in. (mm) T,in.38 to 112 (9.5 to 38) t112 See Note 2 aboveNOTE 1Machine specimen on this side when T exceeds 112 in. Do not thermally
23、cut.NOTE 2For plates over 112 in. (38 mm) thick, cut specimen into approximately equal strips between34 and 112 (19 and 38 mm) wide and test eachstrip.FIG. 3 Side-Bend Specimen for Nonferrous MaterialsNOTE 118 in. = 3.2 mm; 112 in. = 38 mm; 6 in. = 152 mm.NOTE 2Weld reinforcement and backing strip o
24、r backing ring, if any, shall be removed flush with the surface of the specimen. The specimen shallbe machined to a thickness, T, which must be specified in relation to t. If a recessed ring is used, this surface of the specimen may be machined to a depthnot exceeding the depth of the recess to remo
25、ve the ring, except that in such cases the thickness of the finished specimen shall meet the specifiedrelationship to t. Do not flame-cut nonferrous material. When the original wall thickness of pipe exceeds38 in. (9.5 mm), excess material shall bemachined from the inside surface of face-bend specim
26、ens and the outside surface of root-bend specimens.FIG. 4 Transverse Face- and Root-Bend Specimens, Plate and PipeNOTE 118 in. = 3.2 mm; 112 in. = 38 mm; 6 in. = 152 mm.NOTE 2Weld reinforcement and backing strip, if any, shall be removed flush with the surface of the specimen. The specimen shall be
27、machined toa thickness, T, which must be specified in relation to t. If a recessed strip is used, this surface of the specimen may be machined to a depth not exceedingthe depth of the recess to remove the strip, except that in such cases the thickness of the finished specimen shall meet the specifie
28、d relationship to t.FIG. 5 Longitudinal Face- and Root-Bend Specimens, PlateE190 143weld root directed toward the gap. Place side-bend specimenswith the side showing the greater flaws toward the gap. If nosignificant flaws are evident, either side may be chosen.9.2 Any convenient means may be used f
29、or moving theplunger with relation to the die; but it must be steady andwithout any significant lateral motion. Apply the force until thespecimen conforms to a U-shape, and until a18-in. (3.2 mm)diameter wire cannot be inserted between the specimen andany point on the curvature of the plunger member
30、 of the jig,unless the specimen fails earlier.10. Interpretation of Results10.1 Examine the convex surface of the bent specimen forcracks or other open flaws.10.1.1 When the test is conducted as an acceptancecriterion, the allowable crack size shall be specified by the codeor specification requiring
31、 the test.10.1.2 When the test is conducted for informationalpurposes, report the size and location of all cracks visible to theunaided eye.11. Precision and Bias11.1 Precision and bias statements are not made for this testmethod because the test result is a nonnumerical report ofsuccess or failure
32、based on criteria specified in relevantstandards.12. Keywords12.1 bend test; ductility; weldASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determinatio
33、n of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdra
34、wn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your c
35、omments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single
36、or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 144
