1、Designation: E84 18E84 18a An American National StandardStandard Test Method forSurface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E84; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of re
2、vision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This fire-testr
3、esponse standard for the comparative surface burning behavior of building materials is applicable to exposedsurfaces such as walls and ceilings. The test is conducted with the specimen in the ceiling position with the surface to be evaluatedexposed face down to the ignition source. The material, pro
4、duct, or assembly shall be capable of being mounted in the test positionduring the test. Thus, the specimen shall either be self-supporting by its own structural quality, held in place by added supportsalong the test surface, or secured from the back side.1.2 The purpose of this test method is to de
5、termine the relative burning behavior of the material by observing the flame spreadalong the specimen. Flame spread and smoke developed index are reported. However, there is not necessarily a relationshipbetween these two measurements.1.3 The use of supporting materials on the underside of the test
6、specimen has the ability to lower the flame spread index fromthose which might be obtained if the specimen could be tested without such support. These test results do not necessarily relateto indices obtained by testing materials without such support.1.4 Testing of materials that melt, drip, or dela
7、minate to such a degree that the continuity of the flame front is destroyed, resultsin low flame spread indices that do not relate directly to indices obtained by testing materials that remain in place.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in pare
8、ntheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes,excluding those in tables and figures, shall not be cons
9、idered as requirements of the standard.1.7 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame undercontrolled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk assessment of the materials,p
10、roducts, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the a
11、pplicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting thesetests.1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardiz
12、ationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A390 Specification for Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Steel
13、 Poultry Fence Fabric (Hexagonal and Straight Line)C1186 Specification for Flat Fiber-Cement SheetsC1288 Specification for Fiber-Cement Interior Substrate SheetsD4442 Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measurement of Wood and Wood-Based Materials1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of
14、ASTM Committee E05 on Fire Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.22 on Surface Burning.Current edition approved March 1, 2018July 1, 2018. Published April 2018July 2018. Originally approved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 20172018 asE84 17a.E84 18. DOI: 10.1520/E0
15、084-18.10.1520/E0084-18A.2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM stand
16、ard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases
17、 only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D4444 Test Method
18、 for Laboratory Standardization and Calibration of Hand-Held Moisture MetersE69 Test Method for Combustible Properties of Treated Wood by the Fire-Tube ApparatusE160 Test Method for Combustible Properties of Treated Wood by the Crib Test 3E162 Test Method for Surface Flammability of Materials Using
19、a Radiant Heat Energy SourceE176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE286 Test Method for Surface Flammability of Building Materials Using an 8-ft (2.44-m) Tunnel Furnace (Withdrawn 1991)3E2231 Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting of Pipe and Duct Insulation Materials to Assess Surface BurningCha
20、racteristicsE2404 Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting of Textile, Paper or Polymeric (Including Vinyl) and Wood Wall orCeiling Coverings, Facings and Veneers, to Assess Surface Burning CharacteristicsE2573 Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting of Site-Fabricated Stretch Systems t
21、o Assess Surface BurningCharacteristicsE2579 Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting of Wood Products to Assess Surface Burning CharacteristicsE2599 Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting of Reflective Insulation, Radiant Barrier and Vinyl Stretch CeilingMaterials for Building Applica
22、tions to Assess Surface Burning CharacteristicsE2688 Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting of Tapes to Assess Surface Burning CharacteristicsE2690 Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting of Caulks and Sealants to Assess Surface Burning CharacteristicsE2768 Test Method for Extended Du
23、ration Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials (30 min Tunnel Test)E2988 Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting of Flexible Fibrous Glass Insulation for Metal Buildings to AssessSurface Burning Characteristics2.2 NFPA Standards:4NFPA 262 Standard Method of Test for Flame Travel
24、 and Smoke of Wires and Cables for Use in Air-Handling Spaces (2007)2.3 UL Standards5UL 1820 Standard for Safety for Fire Test of Pneumatic Tubing for Flame and Smoke Characteristics (2004)UL 1887 Standard for Fire Test of Plastic Sprinkler Pipe for Visible Flame and Smoke Characteristics (2004)UL 2
25、024 Standard for Safety for Optical Fiber and Communication Cable Raceway (2004)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method refer to Terminology E176. The term flame spread index fromTerminology E176 is of particular interest to this standard and is defined
26、in 3.1.2.3.1.2 flame spread index, na number or classification indicating a comparative measure derived from observations madeduring the progress of the boundary of a zone of flame under defined test conditions.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 smoke developed index, na number
27、 or classification indicating a comparative measure derived from smoke obscurationdata collected during the test for surface burning characteristics.3.2.2 surface flame spread, nthe propagation of a flame away from the source of ignition across the surface of the specimen.4. Significance and Use4.1
28、This test method is intended to provide only comparative measurements of surface flame spread and smoke densitymeasurements with that of select grade red oak and fiber-cement board surfaces under the specific fire exposure conditionsdescribed herein.4.2 This test method exposes a nominal 24-ft (7.32
29、-m) long by 20-in. (508-mm) wide specimen to a controlled air flow andflaming fire exposure adjusted to spread the flame along the entire length of the select grade red oak specimen in 512 min.4.3 This test method does not provide for the following:4.3.1 Measurement of heat transmission through the
30、tested surface.4.3.2 The effect of aggravated flame spread behavior of an assembly resulting from the proximity of combustible walls andceilings.4.3.3 Classifying or defining a material as noncombustible, by means of a flame spread index by itself.5. Apparatus5.1 Fire Test ChamberSee Figs. 1-5.5.1.1
31、 The fire test chamber is a rectangular horizontal duct with a removable lid. The inside dimensions are as follows:3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.4 Available from National Fire Protection Association, 1 Battery March Park, Quincy, MA 02169.5 Ava
32、ilable from Underwriters Laboratories, 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, IL 60062.E84 18a2Width: 17 34 14 in. (451 6.3 mm) measured between the topledges along the side walls, and 17 58 38 in. (448 10mm) at all other points.Depth: 12 12 in. (305 13 mm) measured from the bottom of thetest chamber to th
33、e top of the ledges on which thespecimen is supported. This measurement includes the 18in. (3.2 mm) thickness of the 1 12 in. (38 mm) wide wovenfiberglass gasket tape.Length: 25 ft 3 in. (7.62 m 76 mm).5.1.2 The sides and base of the chamber shall be lined with an insulating firebrick with the dimen
34、sions of 4 12 in. by 9 in. by2 12 in. thick as illustrated in Fig. 2. The insulating firebrick shall have the following properties:Maximum Recommended Temperature 2600F (1427C)Bulk Density 48 3 lb/ft3 (0.77 0.046 g/cm3)Thermal Conductivity at MeanTemperature of Btuin./hft2F W/mC500F (260C) 1.6 0.231
35、000F (538C) 1.9 0.271500F (815C) 2.2 0.322000F (1093C) 2.6 0.375.1.3 One side of the chamber shall be provided with double observation windows6 with the inside pane flush mounted (see Fig.2). Exposed inside glass shall be 2 34 6 38 by 11 + 1, 2 in. (70 6 10 by 279 + 25 50 mm). The centerline of the
36、exposed areaof the inside glass shall be in the upper half of the furnace wall, with the upper edge not less than 2.5 in. (63 mm) below the furnaceledge. The window shall be located such that not less than 12 in. (305 mm) of the specimen width can be observed. Multiplewindows shall be located along
37、the tunnel so that the entire length of the test sample is observable from outside the fire chamber.The windows shall be pressure tight in accordance with 7.2 and 7.2.1.5.1.4 The ledges shall be fabricated of structural materials7 capable of withstanding the abuse of continuous testing. The ledgessh
38、all be level with respect to the length and width of the chamber and each other. The ledges shall be maintained in a state of repaircommensurate with the frequency, volume, and severity of testing occurring at any time.5.1.5 Lid:6 Heat-resistant glass, high-silica, 100 % silica glass, nominal 14-in.
39、 thick has been found suitable for the interior pane. Borosilicate glass, nominal 14-in. thick has beenfound suitable for the exterior pane.7 High-temperature furnace refractory. Zirconium silicate, or water-cooled steel tubing have been found suitable for this purpose.FIG. 1 Test Furnace, Showing S
40、ome Critical Dimensions (Not a Construction Drawing)E84 18a35.1.5.1 The lid shall consist of a removable noncombustible metal and mineral composite structure as shown in Fig. 2 and ofa size necessary to cover completely the fire test chamber and the test samples. The lid shall be maintained in an un
41、warped andflat condition. When in place, the lid shall be completely sealed to prevent air leakage into the fire test chamber during the test.5.1.5.2 The lid shall be insulated with a minimal thickness of 2 in. (51 mm) castable insulation or mineral composite materialhaving physical characteristics
42、comparable to the following:Maximum effective use temperature ofat least: 1200F (650C)Bulk density 21 lb/ft3 (336 kg m3)Thermal conductivity at 300 to 700F(149 to 371C)0.50 to 0.71 Btuin./hft2F (0.072 to0.102 W/mK)5.1.5.3 The entire lid assembly shall be protected with flat sections of nominal 14-in
43、. (6.3-mm) fiber-cement board meeting theproperties of Annex A3. This protective board shall be maintained in sound condition through continued replacement. Theprotective board is to be secured to the furnace lid or place on the back side of the test specimen.5.1.6 Gas Burners:5.1.6.1 One end of the
44、 test chamber shall be designated as the “fire end”. This fire end shall be provided with two gas burnersdelivering flames upward against the surface of the test sample (see Fig. 2). The burners shall be spaced 12 in. (305 mm) fromFIG. 2 Test Furnace Showing Critical Dimensions (Not a Construction D
45、rawing)E84 18a4the fire end of the test chamber, and 7 12 6 12 in. (190 6 13 mm) below the under surface of the test sample. Gas to the burnersshall be provided through a single inlet pipe, distributed to each port burner through a tee-section. The outlet shall be a 34 in. NPTelbow. The plane of the
46、 port shall be parallel to the furnace floor, such that the gas is directed upward toward the specimen. Eachport shall be positioned with its centerline 4 6 12 in. (102 6 13 mm) on each side of the centerline of the furnace so that the flameis distributed evenly over the width of the exposed specime
47、n surface (see Fig. 2).5.1.6.2 The controls used to assure constant flow of gas to the burners during period of use shall consist of a pressure regulator,a gas meter constructed to read in increments of not more than 0.1 ft3 (2.8 L), a manometer to indicate gas pressure in inches ofwater, a quick-ac
48、ting gas shut-off valve, and a gas metering valve.5.1.7 Air Intake:5.1.7.1 An air intake shutter shall be located 54 6 5 in. (1372 6 127 mm) upstream of the burner, as measured from the burnercenterline to the outside surface of the shutter (see Fig. 1). The air intake is to be fitted with a vertica
49、lly sliding shutter extendingthe entire width of the test chamber. The shutter shall be positioned so as to provide an air inlet port 3 6 116 in. (76 6 2 mm) highmeasured from the floor level of the test chamber at the air intake point.5.1.7.2 To provide air turbulance for proper combustion, turbulance baffling shall be provided by positioning six refractoryfirebricks (as defined in 5.1.2) along the side walls of the chamber. With the long dimension vertical, 4 12 in. (114-mm) dimensionalong the wall,
