1、Designation: E 1033 98 (Reapproved 2004)e1Standard Practice forElectromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Examination of TypeF-Continuously Welded (CW) Ferromagnetic Pipe andTubing Above the Curie Temperature1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1033; the number immediately following the design
2、ation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTEReferenced documents and editorial ch
3、anges were made in January 2004.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers a procedure for in-line, eddy-current examination of continuously welded (CW) ferromag-netic pipe and tubing at temperatures above the Curie tempera-ture (approximately 1400F 760C, where the pipe issubstantially nonmagnetic or austenit
4、ic.1.2 This practice is intended for use on tubular productshaving nominal diameters of12 in. 12.7 mm to 4 in. 101.6mm. These techniques may be used for larger- or smaller-diameter pipe and tubing as specified by the using parties.1.3 This practice is specifically applicable to eddy-currentexaminati
5、on using encircling coils, or probe coils.1.4 This practice does not establish acceptance criteria.They must be established by the using parties.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The SI units in brackets may be approximate.1.6 This standard does not purport to
6、address the safetyproblems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of theuser of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 309 Practice for Eddy-Curr
7、ent Examination of Steel Tu-bular Products Using Magnetic SaturationE 543 Practice for Agencies Performing NondestructiveTestingE 1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations2.2 Other Documents:SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualifi-cation and Certification in Nondestructive Testin
8、g3ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 ASNT Standard for Qualification andCertification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel3NAS-410 NAS Certification and Qualification of Nonde-structive Personnel (Quality Assurance Committee)43. Terminology3.1 Standard terminology relating to electromagnetic ex-amination may be found
9、in Terminology E 1316, Section C,Electromagnetic Testing.4. Summary of Practice4.1 In-line, automatic, eddy-current examination of CWpipe utilizes probes or encircling coils, or both, mounted in thepass line to monitor the quality of pipe during production attemperatures ranging from 1600 to 2200F 8
10、70 to 1204C.4.2 Eddy-current instrumentation provides timely and use-ful information regarding the acceptability of CW pipe forquality control purposes as well as for early warning thatunacceptable pipe is being produced.5. Significance and Use5.1 The purpose of this practice is to outline a procedu
11、re forthe in-line eddy-current examination of hot CW pipe for thedetection of major imperfections and repetitive discontinuities.5.2 A major advantage of in-line eddy-current examinationof ferromagnetic CW pipe above the Curie temperature lies inthe enhanced signal-to-noise ratio and depth of penetr
12、ationobtained without the use of magnetic saturation.5.3 The eddy-current method is capable of detecting andlocating weld imperfections commonly referred to as openwelds, cave welds, black spots (weld inclusions), and partialwelds (incomplete penetration). In addition, it will detectpipe-wall imperf
13、ections such as slivers, laps, and ring welds(end welds).1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.07 onElectromagnetic Methods.Current edition approved January 1, 2004. Published February 2004. Orig
14、inallyapproved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as E 1033 - 98.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on
15、the ASTM website.3Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing, 1711 ArlingatePlaza, PO Box 28518, Columbus, OH 432280518.4Available from Aerospace Industries Association of America, Inc., 1250 EyeStreet, N.W., Washington, DC 20005.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,
16、PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.4 The relative severity of the imperfections may beindicated by eddy-current signal amplitude or phase, or both.An alarm level may be selected that utilizes signal amplitude orphase, or both, for automatic recording or marking, or both.5
17、.5 Because the responses from natural discontinuities mayvary significantly from those from artificial discontinuities,care must be exercised in establishing test sensitivity andacceptance criteria.6. Basis of Application6.1 The following criteria may be specified in the purchasespecification, contr
18、actual agreement, or elsewhere, and mayrequire agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.6.1.1 The diameter, wall-thickness, and temperature of thepipe being examined.6.1.2 The extent of the examination.6.1.3 The time of examination: the point or points in themanufacturing process where the p
19、ipe will be examined, andits throughput speed.6.1.4 Test Standardization:6.1.4.1 The size (length, diameter, and wall) and composi-tion of the reference standard if applicable.6.1.4.2 The time between calibration checks.6.1.5 The disposition of material with indications.6.1.6 The reporting of test r
20、esults.6.1.7 If specified in the contractual agreement, personnelperforming examinations to this practice shall be qualified inaccordance with a nationally recognized NDT personnel quali-fication practice or standard such as ANSI/ASNT-CP-189,SNT-TC-1A, MIL-STD-410E, NAS-410, ASNT-ACCP, or asimilar d
21、ocument and certified by the certifying agency, asapplicable. The practice or standard used and its applicablerevision shall be identified in the contractual agreement be-tween the using parties.NOTE 1MIL-STD-410 is canceled and has been replaced with NAS-410, however, it may be used with agreement
22、between contracting parties.6.1.8 If specified in the contractual agreement, NDT agen-cies shall be qualified and evaluated in accordance withPractice E 543. The applicable edition of Practice E 543 shallbe specified in the contractual agreement.7. Interferences7.1 There are some manufacturing proce
23、sses that producepipe with surface conditions that could interfere with orobscure signals related to typical pipe imperfections.7.2 Mechanical vibrations, speed variations, and tempera-ture changes can have an affect on test sensitivities.8. Apparatus8.1 The transducer assembly, whether encircling o
24、r probecoils, consists of one or more electrical coils, cooling apparatusthat is adequate to maintain the proper coil-operating tempera-ture and prevent thermal damage, and positioning mechanismsfor adjusting and maintaining a constant spacing between thecoil and the pipe surface. Some assemblies ma
25、y includemechanical guides to prevent physical damage to the trans-ducer by contact with the product.8.1.1 The types and sizes of transducers employed aredetermined to a large degree by the coverage and resolutionrequired. Through precise transducer positioning, the geom-etries required for effectiv
26、e pipe inspection can be maintained.8.1.2 The eddy-current transducers are cooled to maintainproper operating temperatures for test stability, and to avoidthermal damage to the windings or the associated fixturing, orboth.8.1.3 The optimum response to the variables of interest (see5.3) can be obtain
27、ed through the selection of the properinstrumentation, transducer design, and operating frequency.Through signal processing, responses to variables of interestcan be increased while those from such sources as scalepatches, cold spots, and mechanical vibration can be sup-pressed.8.1.4 Usually, the tr
28、ansducer assembly is placed at a loca-tion where product speed is constant and vibration is minimal.8.2 The eddy-current instrumentation should be capable ofenergizing transducers with alternating currents of selected andstable frequencies and energy levels, and of sensing thechanges in eddy-current
29、 flow arising from pipe imperfections.8.2.1 Eddy-current responses may be displayed on acathode-ray tube, indicated by a meter, digital display, strip-chart recorder, or other applicable methods.8.2.2 Automatic alarm and marking features may be in-cluded and can provide automatic classification at p
30、roduction-line speeds.9. Adjustment and Standardization of Apparatus9.1 The method of manufacture of CW pipe precludes theuse of a physical reference standard for in-line system stan-dardization as is the norm for most eddy-current examinations.The continuity of product runs and the high-line speeds
31、 (up to3000 ft/min or 15.2 M/s) requires the use of alternativecalibration methods.9.2 The industry-accepted methods for system standardiza-tion and sensitivity adjustment include either electronicallygenerated signals to simulate responses to reference notches, orthe use of eddy-current noise level
32、s to obtain repeatablesensitivities.9.2.1 Electronic signals that simulate those obtained fromactual imperfections during eddy-current examination can beinduced into the transducer and the instrumentation adjusted tothe appropriate response levels.9.2.2 The eddy-current noise level is that actually
33、generatedas the pipe passes through or by the transducer. Instrumentcontrols may be adjusted so that the material-generated noise issome predetermined fraction of full-scale response. Throughexperience, sensitivities suitable for detecting imperfections ofinterest can be obtained. It must be clearly
34、 established that thenoise level is material-generated and not from the instrumen-tation.9.2.3 Verification of the sensitivity levels obtained througheither the electronic-signal or the system-noise may be estab-lished through other nondestructive or mechanical examinationmethods, or both.E 1033 98
35、(2004)e129.3 If standardization with conventional reference standardsis applicable, off-line standardization may be performed usingpipe samples of appropriate sizes made from austenitic stain-less steel.9.3.1 Refer to Practice E 309, paragraph 7.6 and Section 10,for reference standard fabrication an
36、d Section 9 for standard-ization procedures.10. Operating Procedure10.1 Standardize the system in a manner similar to thatgiven in Section 9 at the beginning of each turn and whenchanging sizes.10.2 Pipes and tubes to be examined are passed through theexamination station with the apparatus adjusted
37、in accordancewith Section 9.10.3 Any piece showing a discontinuity indication equal toor greater than an established rejection level shall be automati-cally marked or otherwise identified as having a potentiallyrejectable discontinuity.10.4 Make no equipment adjustments other than at stan-dardizatio
38、n time.11. Keywords11.1 curie temperature; eddy-current; electromagnetic;NDT; nondestructive testingASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that dete
39、rmination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or
40、 withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel tha
41、t your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).E 1033 98 (2004)e13
