1、Designation: E 1068 85 (Reapproved 2003)Standard Test Method forTesting Nonmetallic Seal Materials by Immersion in aSimulated Geothermal Test Fluid1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1068; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,
2、in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure for a laboratory testfor performing an initi
3、al evaluation (screening) of non-metallicseal materials by immersion in a simulated geothermal testfluid.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibili
4、ty of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specificprecautionary statements, see Section 6 and 11.7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 395 Test Methods for Rubber Propert
5、yCompressionSetD 412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermo-plastic ElastomersTensionD 471 Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD 575 Test Methods for Rubber Properties in CompressionD 1415 Test Method for Rubber PropertyInternationalHardnessD 2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDu
6、rometerHardness2.2 ASME Standard:Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII33. Summary of Method3.1 Separate sets of material specimens are subjected toboth the test liquid and its vapor at saturation conditions at thetest temperature.3.2 Specimens exposed to the test fluid for a given test maybe
7、 from a single material to prevent interaction betweendissimilar materials.3.3 The samples shall be unstressed during exposure to thetest fluid.3.4 Tests of mechanical and physical properties shall beperformed on specimens before and after immersion testing.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test metho
8、d is intended for laboratory screening ofmaterials. Due to large differences in the composition, pres-sure, and temperature of geothermal fluids, this test methodmay not correlate with actual service conditions. It does notconsider the effects of geothermal fluid combined with oxidiz-ing environment
9、s, stress loading, or thermal cycling.5. Apparatus5.1 Test Vessel, shall be capable of containing the test fluidat the test pressure and temperature. It is suggested thatreference be made to the ASME Boiler and Pressure VesselCode, Section VIII.5.2 Specimen Supports, shall be capable of holding spec
10、i-mens submerged in the liquid and specimens suspended in thevapor so that the specimens are unstressed and do not touchother specimens or the walls of the vessel.5.3 The apparatus, as illustrated in Fig. 1, shall include ameans of heating the test vessel to a controlled temperature asselected.5.4 S
11、afety Devices and Controls, should be provided toprotect the vessel from overpressure and overheating.5.5 All parts of the apparatus that shall be exposed to thetest fluid or its vapor shall be constructed of materials that arenon-reactive with the fluid. Corrosion by-products may affecttest results
12、.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E44 on Solar,Geothermal and OtherAlternative Energy Sources and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee E44.15 on Geothermal Field Development, Utilization and Materials.Current edition approved March 10, 2003. Published March 2003.
13、Originallyapproved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 1996 as E 106885(1996)e1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summar
14、y page onthe ASTM website.3Available from theAmerican Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 E. 47th St.,New York, NY 10017.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6. Precautions6.1 Because of the extremely corrosive nature of
15、this testingenvironment it is imperative that the vessel constructionmaterials be corrosion resistant. Failure by weight loss corro-sion or stress cracking can be catastrophic.7. Test Fluid7.1 The standard test fluid shall consist of the fluids speci-fied in Table 1.7.2 Other test fluids may be used
16、. The composition orsource must be described in the report.7.3 The test fluid shall not be replenished during the test.7.4 The test fluid volume shall be at least 100 times greaterthan the volume of the test specimens.7.5 The standard test fluid shall be mixed according to theprocedure defined in Se
17、ction 11 of this test method.8. Test Temperature8.1 The test temperature shall be selected from Table 2.9. Test Pressure9.1 Pressure in the vessel shall be maintained at the vaporpressure of the test fluid at the test temperature.10. Test Duration10.1 The duration of the test shall be 570 h (approxi
18、mately24 days) for temperatures of 150C or less. The duration fortemperatures over 150C shall be 70 h. The tolerances for testduration times shall be+2%,0%.11. Procedure11.1 Place the specimen(s) into the apparatus vessel.11.2 Place dry ingredients (Na2S9H2O, NaCl, andNaHCO3) into the apparatus vess
19、el.11.3 Seal and purge the vessel with nitrogen to remove airfrom the vessel.11.4 Inject the liquid ingredients (HCl and H2O). Note thathazardous gas (H2S) will be evolved and pressure will developwhen the acid is added. All the evolved gases shall becontained in the vessel as part of the test envir
20、onment.11.5 To ensure that the specimens are located in the properphase, the volume at ambient temperature of the fluid shall becalculated to ensure proper liquid-to-vapor ratio in the testvessel at the test temperature for the volume ratio stated in 7.4.11.6 Apply heat and raise to test temperature
21、, at which timethe test period shall begin.11.7 After the test period, reduce the temperature to lessthan boiling temperature at atmospheric pressure and purgethoroughly with nitrogen before opening the test vessel.CAUTIONThe nitrogen purge effluent may contain hazard-ous H2S gas and must be dispose
22、d of in an approved manner.12. Report12.1 State that the test was conducted in accordance withASTM Test Method E 1068, and report the following:12.1.1 Date of test report.12.1.2 Description of new, unexposed specimens, includingmaterial type, batch identification, dimensions, appearance,and physical
23、 properties.12.1.3 Dates and times of the various periods of exposure.12.1.4 Volume of the test vessel.12.1.5 Test liquid used, volume, and chemical analysis.12.1.6 Temperature and pressure of exposure.12.1.7 Exposure periods.12.1.8 All observed and recorded data, to include the type ofproperties be
24、ing reported.12.1.9 Statement of condition of exposed specimens fromvisual and manual examination, and measured physical prop-erties.12.1.10 Statement identifying whether specimen was invapor or liquid.12.2 Physical properties may be determined from testsperformed in accordance with Section 2 (Test
25、Methods D 395,D 412, D 471, D 575, D 1415, and D 2240) of this standard.13. Precision and Bias13.1 This test method is for screening candidate materialsfor an intended application, so results in the report are to beevaluated for the specific application.13.2 Candidate specimen materials that are jud
26、ged ad-equately resistant to degradation by the test are subjected tofurther testing.FIG. 1 Schematic of Test ApparatusTABLE 1 Standard Test FluidNa2S9H2O5g60.05 gNaHCO35g 60.05 gNaCl 57 g 60.5 gHCl (0.1 N) 1000 g 65gWater (distilled) 1430 g 65gTABLE 2 Standard Test TemperaturesC F85 62C 185 64F100
27、62C 212 64F150 62C 302 64F200 62C 392 64F250 62C 482 64F300 65C 572 69F350 65C 662 69FE 1068 85 (2003)213.3 Descriptions of exposed specimens (12.1.9) are neces-sarily subjective in nature. Problems of precision and bias ofthe reported information should be judged as such.14. Keywords14.1 geothermal
28、 fluids; geothermal liquids; immersion test;nonmetallic seal; nonmetallic seal materialsASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of
29、 the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.
30、Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comme
31、nts have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).E 1068 85 (2003)3
