1、Designation: E 1104 98 (Reapproved 2009)Standard Specification forClinical Thermometer Probe Covers and Sheaths1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1104; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、 last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers all single-use clinical ther-mometer probe covers and sheaths intended for use with anyclin
3、ical thermometer. Requirements are given for safety, tox-icity, handling, labeling, and physical integrity. Testing proce-dures for appropriate requirements and a glossary of terms usedwithin the standards are provided.1.2 The requirements contained herein are intended toensure adequate isolation of
4、 the patient from the temperature-measuring device. In addition, the safety and health of thepatient shall not be adversely affected. When used in accor-dance with the manufacturers instructions, the probe cover,sheath, and temperature measuring device shall remit correcttemperature readings as requ
5、ired in Specifications E 667 andE 1112.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrom-etryE 667 Specification for Mercury-in-Glass, Maximum Self-Registering Clinical ThermometersE 1112 Specification for Electronic Thermometer for Inter-mittent Determi
6、nation of Patient Temperature3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe definitions given in TerminologyE 344 shall apply to this Specification with the followingadditions:3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 measurement time, ntime required from time ofpatient contact to the time when the
7、 clinical thermometer maybe removed or read to within the stated accuracy of the clinicalthermometer.3.2.2 patient, nany human whose temperature is beingtaken.3.2.3 probe, nan assembly including the transducer that isused to position the transducer in the specific location fromwhich the temperature
8、is to be determined.3.2.4 probe covers and sheaths, ndevices provided for thepurpose of preventing biological contact between the patientand the probe or clinical thermometer.3.2.5 suitable packaging unit, nthe unit(s) of packagingfor which a specific requirement of marking and labeling islogically
9、applicable. It shall not be less than the smallest unitintended for sale by the manufacturer or distributor to the finaluser.4. Requirements4.1 GeneralClinical thermometer probe covers andsheaths represented as complying with this specification shallmeet all of the requirements specified herein.4.2
10、Product SafetySheaths and probe covers shall beconstructed to preclude sharp points and edges that could causepatient injury. Probe covers and sheaths shall be constructed insuch a way that the person using them can install and removethem without touching that portion of the probe cover or sheaththa
11、t comes in contact with the patient.4.3 Physical IntegrityThe clinical thermometer probecovers and sheaths shall be constructed and packaged so thatthe physical integrity of the probe covers and sheaths will bemaintained when applied to, used, and removed from atemperature-taking device as prescribe
12、d by the manufacturer(see 5.3).4.4 ToxicityWhen the probe covers or sheaths are used asspecified by the manufacturers, its parts intended for contactwith anatomical sites during patient use shall be nontoxic (see5.1).4.5 CompatibilityThe clinical thermometer probe coversand sheaths shall be compatib
13、le with the intended use of thetemperature-taking device (see 5.4.1).4.6 Labeling:4.6.1 Instructions shall be provided for proper usage ofclinical thermometer probe covers or sheaths.4.6.2 Suitable packaging units of the thermometer sheathsor probe covers shall bear in legible characters a designati
14、on(either a serial number or a code) to indicate the specific1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E20 onTemperature Measurement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E20.08on Medical Thermometry.Current edition approved May 1, 2009. Published June 2009. Original
15、lyapproved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E 1104 1998 (2003).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page
16、 onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.manufacturing lot in addition to all other applicable labeling.Suitable packaging units and other labeling shall also bear astatement that the thermometer probe cove
17、rs or sheaths areintended for single use only.4.6.3 The temperature-taking device for which the clinicalthermometer probe cover or sheath is or is not intended shall bespecified.4.6.4 If the temperature-taking devices performance andoperating characteristics, such as measurement time or accu-racy, a
18、re adversely affected by the probe cover or sheath, theconsequence to the devices performance characteristics mustbe specified (see 5.4).4.6.5 Probe covers and sheaths may fail to isolate the patientfrom the temperature measuring device shall contain a cautionstatement. Susceptibility to failure of
19、probe covers or sheathsshall be determined by appropriate testing by each manufac-turer or distributor.4.6.6 Identification:4.6.6.1 In order that purchasers may identify products con-forming to all requirements of this specification, producers anddistributors may include a statement of compliance in
20、 conjunc-tion with their name and address on product labels, invoices,sales literature, etc. The following statement is suggested whensufficient space is available: “This thermometer conforms to allof the requirements established in ASTM Standard E 1104.Full responsibility for the conformance of thi
21、s product to thespecification is assumed by (name and address of producer ordistributor).”4.6.6.2 The following abbreviated statement is suggestedwhen available space on labels is insufficient: “Conforms toASTM Standard E 1104 (name and address of producer ordistributor).”4.7 Use, Operating, and Sto
22、rage Environment Conditions:4.7.1 Operating Environment16.0 C (60.8 F) to 40.0 C(104.0 F), 15 % to 95 % RH (non-condensing).4.7.2 Storage Environment 20.0 C (4 F) to 49.0 C(120.2 F) 15 % to 95 % RH for 1 month (non-condensing).4.7.3 Use EnvironmentBody conditions (oral or rectal).5. Testing Procedur
23、es5.1 Significance and UseThis section describes the pro-cedures necessary to verify conformance to certain require-ments of Section 4. Procedures that can be verified byobservation are not included. The inspection and test proce-dures contained in this specification are used to determine theconform
24、ance of probe covers or sheaths to the requirements ofthis specification. Each producer or distributor representingproducts as conforming to this specification may use statisti-cally based sampling plans that are appropriate for eachparticular manufacturing process, but shall keep the essentialrecor
25、ds necessary to document the claim that all of therequirements of this specification are met.5.2 Toxicity TestTest materials intended for patient con-tact shall be in accordance with the current issue of USPBiological Test-Plastic Container, Table 1: Extract of sample insodium chloride and extract o
26、f sample in vegetable oil.35.3 Leakage TestAfter placement and removal of theclinical thermometer probe cover or sheath onto and from thetemperature taking device in accordance with the manufactur-ers instructions, apply air at a positive internal gage pressureof 8.4 kPa (1.2 psi) with the probe cov
27、er or sheath submergedin water within the operating temperature environment (See4.7) to the length that is intended for patient contact. Thereshall be no continuous bubble stream observed within 5 s.Thermometer probe covers and sheaths that are intended toinvert when the temperature-taking device is
28、 withdrawn maybe tested while inverted.5.4 Compatibility Test:5.4.1 The compatibility of the clinical thermometer probecover or sheath with any particular temperature-taking devicefor which it is recommended shall be tested to verify that itmeets the device manufacturers performance characteristics.
29、5.4.2 A probe cover or sheath shall not degrade the perfor-mance (such as measurement time or accuracy) of thetemperature-taking device so that it fails to meet the require-ments of the applicable ASTM standards for the particulartemperature-taking device (for example, Specifications E 667and E 1112
30、).5.5 Storage EnvironmentAt the completion of the timeperiod and conditions listed in 4.7 (storage environment), theprobe covers and sheaths shall pass all the test procedures ofSection 5.6. Keywords6.1 clinical; probe covers; sheaths; thermometerASTM International takes no position respecting the v
31、alidity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is s
32、ubject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headq
33、uarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This stan
34、dard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).3Available from United States Pharmacopeial Convention Inc., 12601 Twin-brook Parkway, Rockway, MD 20852.E 1104 98 (2009)2
