1、Designation: E 1105 00 (Reapproved 2008)Standard Test Method forField Determination of Water Penetration of InstalledExterior Windows, Skylights, Doors, and Curtain Walls, byUniform or Cyclic Static Air Pressure Difference1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1105; the number immedi
2、ately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This
3、test method covers the determination of the resis-tance of installed exterior windows, curtain walls, skylights,and doors to water penetration when water is applied to theoutdoor face and exposed edges simultaneously with a static airpressure at the outdoor face higher than the pressure at theindoor
4、 face.1.2 This test method is applicable to any curtain-wall area orto windows, skylights, or doors alone. It is intended primarilyfor determining the resistance to water penetration throughsuch assemblies for compliance with specified performancecriteria, but it may also be used to determine the re
5、sistance topenetration through the joints between the assemblies and theadjacent construction. Other procedures may be appropriate toidentify sources of leakage.1.3 This test method addresses water penetration through amanufactured assembly. Water that penetrates the assembly,but does not result in
6、a failure as defined herein, may haveadverse effects on the performance of contained materials suchas sealants and insulating or laminated glass. This test methoddoes not address these issues.1.4 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledgeof the principles of pressure measurement.1.5 The
7、 values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The inch-pound equivalents of SI units may beapproximate.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-pri
8、ate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazardstatements, see 7.1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 631 Terminology of Building Constructions3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of general terms relating
9、 tobuilding construction used in this test method, see TerminologyE 631.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 specimen, nthe entire assembled unit submitted fortest as installed in the exterior wall of a building.3.2.1.1 DiscussionThe test specimen consists of the majorcomponents
10、of the assembly, including all joints, cracks, oropenings between such components and any panning, recep-tors, extenders, sills, mullions, or other parts or componentsused for assembling any installation. The joints betweenassemblies and the openings into which they are mounted(masonry openings, for
11、 example) are not part of the testspecimen. However, these joints may be tested by this proce-dure.3.2.2 test pressure difference, nthe specified difference instatic air pressure across the closed and locked or fixedspecimen expressed in pascals (lbf/ft2).3.2.3 water penetration, npenetration of wat
12、er beyond aplane parallel to the glazing (the vertical plane) intersecting theinnermost projection of the test specimen, not includinginterior trim and hardware, under the specified conditions of airpressure difference across the specimen. For products withnon-planer surfaces (domes, vaults, pyramid
13、s, etc.) the planedefining water penetration is the plane defined by the innermostedges of the unit frame.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51on Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylights an
14、d Curtain Walls.Current edition approved April 1, 2008. Published May 2008. Originallyapproved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as E 1105 00.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of AST
15、MStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method consists of sealing a chamber to theinterior
16、 or exterior face of specimen to be tested, supplying airto a chamber mounted on the exterior or exhausting air from achamber mounted on the interior, at the rate required tomaintain the test pressure difference across the specimen whilespraying water onto the outdoor face of the specimen at therequ
17、ired rate and observing any water penetration.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is a standard procedure for determiningthe resistance to water penetration under uniform or cyclicstatic air pressure differences of installed exterior windows,skylights, curtain walls, and doors. The air-press
18、ure differencesacting across a building envelope vary greatly. These factorsshould be considered fully prior to specifying the test pressuredifference to be used.NOTE 1In applying the results of tests by this test method, note thatthe performance of a wall or its components, or both, may be a functi
19、onof proper installation and adjustment. In service, the performance will alsodepend on the rigidity of supporting construction and on the resistance ofcomponents to deterioration by various causes, vibration, thermal expan-sion and contraction, and so forth. It is difficult to simulate the identica
20、lcomplex wetting conditions that can be encountered in service, with largewind-blown water drops, increasing water drop impact pressures withincreasing wind velocity, and lateral or upward moving air and water.Some designs are more sensitive than others to this upward moving water.NOTE 2This test me
21、thod does not identify unobservable liquid waterwhich may penetrate into the test specimen.5.2 Laboratory tests are designed to give an indication of theperformance of an assembly. Field performance may vary fromlaboratory performance since the supporting structure for thetest specimen, methods of m
22、ounting, and sealing in thelaboratory can only simulate the actual conditions that willexist in the building. Shipping, handling, installation, acts ofsubsequent trades, aging, and other environmental conditionsall may have an adverse effect upon the performance of theinstalled product. This field t
23、est procedure provides a meansfor determining the performance of a product once installed inthe building.5.3 The field test may be made at the time the window,skylight, curtain-wall, or door assemblies are initially installedand before the interior of the building is finished. At this time,it is gen
24、erally easier to check the interior surfaces of theassemblies for water penetration and to identify the points ofpenetration. The major advantage of testing when assembliesare initially installed is that errors in fabrication or installationcan be readily discovered and corrections made before theen
25、tire wall with its component assemblies is completed atwhich time the expense of corrective work may be increasedmany times.5.4 The field test may also be made after the building iscompleted and in service to determine whether or not reportedleakage problems are due to the failure of the installedas
26、semblies to resist water penetration at the specified static airpressure difference. Generally it is possible to conduct tests onwindow, skylight, and door assemblies without too muchdifficulty, and to identify sources of leakage. A curtain-wallassembly, on the other hand, may not be accessible from
27、 theinside without the removal of interior finished walls andceilings. Even with removal of interior walls and ceilings, itmay not be possible to observe curtain-wall surfaces behindspandrel beams. The feasibility of conducting a meaningfulstatic air pressure difference water penetration test on ani
28、n-service building must be carefully evaluated before beingspecified.5.5 Weather conditions can affect the static air pressuredifference measurements. If wind gusting causes pressurefluctuation to exceed 610 % from the specified test pressure,the test should not be conducted.5.6 Generally it is more
29、 convenient to use an interiormounted pressure chamber from which air is exhausted toobtain a lower pressure on the interior surface of the specimen.A calibrated rack of nozzles is then used to spray water at theproper rate on the exterior surface. Under circumstances whereit is desirable to use an
30、exterior-mounted pressure chamber, thespray rack must be located in the pressure chamber and airsupplied to maintain a higher pressure on the exterior surface.Exterior chambers are difficult to attach readily and seal toexterior surfaces.5.7 Even though the equipment requirements are similar,this pr
31、ocedure is not intended to measure air infiltrationbecause of the difficulty of isolating the component air leakagefrom the extraneous leakage through weep holes, mullionjoints, trim, or other surrounding materials.6. Apparatus6.1 The description of apparatus in this section is general innature, and
32、 any arrangement of equipment capable of perform-ing the test procedures within allowable tolerances is permit-ted.6.2 Major Components (Fig. 1):6.2.1 Test ChamberA test chamber or box made ofplywood, plastic, or other suitable material and sealed againstthe test specimen. Test chambers mounted on t
33、he interior mustbe made so that interior surfaces and joints of the specimen canbe easily observed for water penetration during the test. Nopart of the testing chamber shall come in contact with orrestrict any point where water pentration may occur. At leastone static air pressure tap shall be provi
34、ded to measure thechamber air pressure versus the ambient (interior-exterior) airpressure and shall be so located that the reading is unaffectedby exterior impinging wind, or by the velocity of air supply toor from the chamber. The air supply opening into or exhaustfrom the chamber shall be arranged
35、 so that air does not impingedirectly on the test specimen with any significant velocity. Ameans of access into the chamber may be provided to facilitateadjustments and observations after the chamber has beeninstalled.6.2.2 Air SystemA controllable blower, compressed airsupply exhaust system, or rev
36、ersible blower designed to supplythe required maximum air pressure difference across thespecimen. The system must provide essentially constant airflow at a fixed pressure for the required test period.6.2.3 Pressure Measuring ApparatusA device to measurethe test pressure difference within a tolerance
37、 of 62%or62.5Pa (60.01 in. of water column), whichever is greater.E 1105 00 (2008)26.2.4 Water-Spray SystemThe water-spray system shalldeliver water uniformly against the exterior surface of the testspecimen at a minimum rate of 3.4 L/m2min (5.0 U.S.gal/ft2h).NOTE 3The National Weather Service Techn
38、ical Paper No. 403records that in the contiguous 48 United States, the greatest rainfall for a1-h period is less than 12.7 cm (5.0 in.). The rate of 3.4 L/m2min (5.0 U.S.gal/ft2h) specified in this test method corresponds to a rainfall of 20.3 cm(8.0 in.)/h unless otherwise specified.6.2.4.1 The wat
39、er-spray system shall have nozzles spacedon a uniform grid, located at a uniform distance from the testspecimen and shall be adjustable to provide the specifiedquantity of water in such a manner as to wet all of the testspecimen, uniformly and to wet those areas vulnerable to waterpenetration. If ad
40、ditional nozzles are required to provideuniformity of water spray at the edge of the test specimen, theyshall be equally spaced around the entire spray grid.6.2.4.2 The intake water line to the nozzle grid shall beequipped with a pressure gage and pressure adjusting valve.For field testing, the wate
41、r pressure shall be adjusted to thesame pressure at which the water spray system was calibrated.7. Hazards7.1 WarningGlass breakage will not normally occur atthe small pressure differences applied in this test method.Excessive pressure differences may occur, however, due toerror in operation or gust
42、ing wind, therefore, exercise adequateprecautions to protect personnel.7.2 Take whatever additional precautions are necessary toprotect persons from water spray, falling objects (which mayinclude tools), the spray system, or even the exterior testchamber.8. Examination of Test Specimens8.1 Select an
43、d identify the test specimen in accordance withthe procedures established in Section 10.8.2 Conduct a detailed visual examination of the test speci-men and the construction adjacent to the test specimen. Recordall pertinent observations.8.3 If the intent is to test an operable window, skylight, ordo
44、or, the unit should be checked for proper installation byopening, closing, and locking the unit five times prior totesting, with no further attention other than the initial adjust-ment.3National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service,1325 East West Highway, Silver Spring, M
45、D 20910, http:/www.nws.noaa.gov.FIG. 1 General Arrangement of Water Penetration Test ApparatusE 1105 00 (2008)3NOTE 4The purpose of this examination is to record the physicalcondition of the test specimen and adjacent construction at the time oftesting. Examples of pertinent observations to be recor
46、ded include; anydamage or deterioration observed, missing or broken components, miss-adjustment or weatherstrip or other components, cleanliness of the testspecimen, out-of-square installations, and so forth.9. Calibration9.1 The ability of the test apparatus to meet the applicablerequirements shall
47、 be checked by using a catch box, the openface of which shall be located at the position of the face of thetest specimen. The calibration device is illustrated in Fig. 2.The catch box shall be designed to receive only waterimpinging on the plane of the test specimen face and to excludeall run-off wa
48、ter from above. The box shall be 610 mm (24 in.)square, divided into four areas each 305 mm (12 in.) square.Use a cover approximately 760 mm (30 in.) square to preventwater from entering the calibration box before and after thetimed observation interval. The water impinging on each areashall be capt
49、ured separately.Aspray that provides at least 1.26-L/min (20-gal/h) total for the four areas and not less than 0.25L/min (4 gal/h) nor more than 0.63 L/min (10 gal/h) in any onesquare shall be acceptable.9.1.1 The water-spray system shall be calibrated at bothupper corners and at the quarter point of the horizontal centerline (of the spray system). If a number of identical, contiguous,modular spray systems are used, only one module need becalibrated. The system shall be calibrated with the catch boxesat a distance within 651 mm (2 in.) of the test specimenlocatio
