1、Designation: E1777 09Standard Guide forPrioritization of Data Needs for Pavement Management1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1777; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A num
2、ber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide identifies data needs for pavement manage-ment systems. It also addresses the relative importance ofvarious types of pavement d
3、ata.1.2 This guide was developed for use by federal, state, andlocal agencies, as well as consultants who provide services tothose agencies.1.3 This guide describes a process and provides a set ofrecommendations that any agency may use to develop a planfor acquiring pavement management data. Any ind
4、ividualagency may justifiably assign higher or lower priority tospecified data items depending on their needs and policy.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-p
5、riate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3319 Practice for the Accelerated Polishing of AggregatesUsing the British WheelD4123 Test Method for Indirect Tension Test for ResilientModulus of Bi
6、tuminous Mixtures3D4602 Guide for Nondestructive Testing of PavementsUsing Cyclic-Loading Dynamic Deflection EquipmentD4694 Test Method for Deflections with a Falling-Weight-Type Impulse Load DeviceD4695 Guide for General Pavement Deflection Measure-mentsD4748 Test Method for Determining the Thickne
7、ss ofBound Pavement Layers Using Short-Pulse RadarD5340 Test Method for Airport Pavement Condition IndexSurveysD6433 Practice for Roads and Parking Lots PavementCondition Index SurveysE274 Test Method for Skid Resistance of Paved SurfacesUsing a Full-Scale TireE303 Test Method for Measuring Surface
8、Frictional Prop-erties Using the British Pendulum TesterE445/E445M Test Method for Stopping Distance on PavedSurfaces Using a Passenger Vehicle Equipped With Full-Scale TiresE501 Specification for Rib Tire for Pavement Skid-Resistance TestsE503/E503M Test Methods for Measurement of Skid Re-sistance
9、on Paved Surfaces Using a Passenger VehicleDiagonal Braking TechniqueE524 Specification for Smooth Tire for Pavement Skid-Resistance TestsE556 Test Method for Calibrating a Wheel Force or TorqueTransducer Using a Calibration Platform (User Level)E660 Practice for Accelerated Polishing of Aggregates
10、orPavement Surfaces Using a Small-Wheel, Circular TrackPolishing Machine3E670 Test Method for Testing Side Force Friction on PavedSurfaces Using the Mu-MeterE770 Test Method for Classifying Pavement Surface Tex-turesE867 Terminology Relating to Vehicle-Pavement SystemsE950 Test Method for Measuring
11、the Longitudinal Profileof Traveled Surfaces with an Accelerometer EstablishedInertial Profiling ReferenceE965 Test Method for Measuring Pavement MacrotextureDepth Using a Volumetric TechniqueE1082 Test Method for Measurement of Vehicular Re-sponse to Traveled Surface RoughnessE1166 Guide for Networ
12、k Level Pavement ManagementE1170 Practices for Simulating Vehicular Response to Lon-gitudinal Profiles of Traveled SurfacesE1215 Specification for Trailers Used for Measuring Ve-hicular Response to Road Roughness1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E17 on Vehicle -Pavement Systems
13、 and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E17.42 onPavement Testing and Evaluation.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009. Published December 2009. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as E177796 (2002).DOI: 10.1520/E1777-09.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit
14、the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1Cop
15、yright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.E1274 Test Method for Measuring Pavement RoughnessUsing a ProfilographE1337 Test Method for Determining Longitudinal PeakBraking Coefficient of Paved Surfaces Using StandardReference Test T
16、ireE1911 Test Method for Measuring Paved Surface FrictionalProperties Using the Dynamic Friction TesterE1926 Practice for Computing International Roughness In-dex of Roads from Longitudinal Profile Measurements2.2 Other Publications:Guidelines on Pavement Management, AASHTO (1990)4AASHTO Guide for D
17、esign of Pavement Structure-s, AASHTO (1986)4FHWAPavement Policy for Highways, Federal Register, Vol54, No. 8 pp. 135358 (Jan. 13, 1989)5Pavement Management Practices, NCHRP Synthesis135 (1987)6Guidelines and Procedures for Maintenance of AirportPavements, FAA Circular 150-5320-67Distress Identifica
18、tion Manual, FHWA, Publication No.FHWA-RD-03-031 June 200383. Significance and Use3.1 A key objective of all pavement-management systems(PMS) is to provide a factual basis for improving the quality ofdecision making regarding the budgeting, design, program-ming, construction, maintenance and operati
19、on of a pavementnetwork. Quality decision making requires a current inventoryof the pavement system, evaluation of the present conditionand use of the pavement system, estimation of future condition,and the implications of any changes in condition.3.2 This guide may be used to identify data needs fo
20、rpavement management by considering the use, generic type,and relative importance of the pavement. It can also assist inidentifying methods for obtaining the data.3.3 Any data element selected for collection should have aspecific use and be of value in providing information from thePMS for the decis
21、ion making process.3.4 The specific type of data needed to make informedpavement management decisions will vary with such factors asthe size, complexity and condition of the pavement network,the levels of service to be provided, the agency budget andbudgeting process. Further, since pavement managem
22、ent is adynamic process, responsive to changes in technology, the dataneeds for a particular agency may be expected to change overtime. Accordingly, judgment invariably will be required inapplying this guide to develop a hierarchy of data needs.4. Data Types and Acquisition Methods4.1 General types
23、of pavement management data include theactual physical measurement of the pavement, informationabout usage, (that is, traffic and accident data) and administra-tive information. Both the types and acquisition methods ofpavement management data can be generally classified.4.2 The most appropriate cla
24、ssifications for the varioustypes of pavement data are those related to the followinggroups.4.2.1 Performance, the ability of a pavement to fulfill itspurpose over time as reflected in the measurable change incondition over time,4.2.2 History, past occurrences that influence pavementperformance,4.2.
25、3 Costs, investment necessary for performance improve-ment or the liability as a result of declining performance,4.2.4 Policies and Regulations, decisions that are made asconstraints to pavement systems,4.2.5 Geometry, alignment, dimensions and shape of thepavement and its appurtenances, and4.2.6 En
26、vironment, external factors affecting pavement per-formance.4.3 This classification scheme has been used to incorporateall the component generic data types in Table 1. Table 1 alsopresents the corresponding methods to acquire those datatypes, again on a generic basis.5. Sample Size and Frequency5.1
27、The collection of pavement management data may becontinuous or may involve a sampling process based on time,location, or other suitable parameters. The general type ofsample (stratified or continuous), its size, and the time intervalbetween repeat sampling, may vary considerably from agencyto agency
28、 and from one type of analysis to another. Theappropriate type and rate of sampling is dictated primarily bythe nature of the analysis to be performed (that is, networkversus project, trend analysis versus project design), therelative importance of the end use (that is, policy setting versusroutine
29、analysis), the budget of the managing agency, as well asconventional statistical considerations required to ensure thatthe data will be sufficiently accurate and precise to permit validinterferences to be drawn.6. Typical Uses of Pavement Management Data6.1 Pavement management data is used for netwo
30、rk andproject level purposes. Network level management requiresinformation for planning, budgeting, and forecasting trends.Project level management requires information for design andengineering of specific pavement sections or projects. Thevarious data are used in network and project level analysis
31、 asshown in Table 2.7. Factors in Establishing Priorities7.1 The following factors are important and should beconsidered in establishing data priorities, although not neces-sarily in the order listed.7.1.1 Type and class of facility, highway (urban versusrural); airfield (commercial versus general),
32、4Available from American Association of State Highway and TransportationOfficials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,http:/www.transportation.org.5Available from the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal HighwayAdministration, Washington, DC 20590, http:/www.dot.g
33、ov/new.6Available from the Transportation Research Board, The National Academies,500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001, http:/www.trb.org.7Available from Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), 800 IndependenceAve., SW, Washington, DC 20591, http:/www.faa.gov.8Available from the Federal Highway R
34、esearch, 6300 Georgetown Pike,McLean, Virginia, 22101E1777 0927.1.2 Functional classification, highway (freeway, arterial,collector, local); airfield (runway, taxiway, apron),7.1.3 Levels-of-service, that is, limiting values of roughness,severity and extent of various types of surface distress, etc.
35、,7.1.4 Size of pavement network,7.1.5 Type of agency, that is, federal, state, local,7.1.6 Characteristics of agency, that is, size, technicalexpertise, budget, data acquisition and data processing capa-bilities, policy, etc.,7.1.7 Traffc, for highways: traffic volumes, vehicle classesand weights; f
36、or airfields: maximum wheel loads, number ofrepetitions of various loads,7.1.8 Intended use(s) and users of data, that is, developstatus reports, planning and programming documents, designor maintenance requirements, assess current analysis tech-niques, develop legislation and public information,7.1
37、.9 Type and cost of data acquisition, that is, manual,semi-automated, automated,7.1.10 Required precision and bias of various elements,apply general policy or standards,7.1.11 Prevalent distress types, rutting, raveling, cracking,etc.7.1.12 Frequency of data collection, that is, time and spacemay va
38、ry with type of facility, agency budget, current networkcondition, etc., and7.1.13 Requirements for output to other agencies, for ex-ample, legislative/administrative mandates.8. Priority of Data Needs Guidelines8.1 Many of the factors listed in Section 7, and described inmore detail in Table 2, hav
39、e been considered in developingguidelines that indicate the relative importance of the variousTABLE 1 Pavement Management Data Items and Acquisition MethodsPerformance-RelatedData Category Typical Acquisition Method(s) Available Related ASTM StandardsRoughness subjective ratingresponse type equipmen
40、t E1082, E1215profile measurement and response simulation E950, E1170profilograph measurements E1274Surface distress pavement distress surveys (manual or automated) D5340, D6433Friction side force equipment E670locked wheel equipment E274, E445/E445M, E501, E503/E503M, E524,E556dynamic friction test
41、er E1911peak braking coefficient equipment E1337pendulum equipment E303texture measurement methods D3319, E660, E770, E965Deflection impulse equipment D4694, D4695static equipment D4695cyclic force equipment D4602,D4695Layer material properties in-situ and laboratory material testing Many ASTM stand
42、ards (Vol 04.03)back-calculation of material properties from field tests None exist. Several useful methods availablenondestructive pavement tests D4694, D4695layer thickness D4748History-RelatedMaintenance history records, estimates, surveys, in-situ testingConstruction history (includes new constr
43、uction,reconstruction, rehabilitation and repair)as-built records, estimates, surveys, in-situ testingTraffic records, estimates and surveysAccidents records, estimates and surveysCost-RelatedConstruction costs (includes new construction,reconstruction, rehabilitation and repair)records, estimates a
44、nd surveysMaintenance costs records, estimates and surveysUser costs records, estimates and surveysPolicy-RelatedBudget records, public officials and other agenciesAvailable alternatives records, organizations, suppliers and other agenciesLevels of service public officials and policy statementsGeome
45、try-RelatedSection dimensions records, estimates, direct measure and in-situ testingCurvature records, estimates and direct measureCross slope records, estimates and direct measureVertical curvature records, estimates and direct measureShoulder/curbs records, estimates and direct measureEnvironment-
46、RelatedDrainage analysis from records or field observation/measurementClimate analysis from records or field observation/measurementE1777 093TABLE 2 Typical Uses of Pavement Management DataNetwork and Project LevelsData Category Network Level Project LevelPerformance-RelatedRoughness a) Describe pre
47、sent status and estimate impacts on users a) Quality assurance (as-built quality of new surface)b) Predict future status (deterioration curves) and impact on conditionand usersb) Create deterioration curvesc) Identify current and future needs c) Estimate milling/leveling/overlay quantitiesd) Basics
48、for priority analysis and programming d) Determine effectiveness and benefit of alternative treatmentsSurface distress a) Describe present status and estimate impacts on users a) Selection of maintenance treatmentb) Predict future status (deterioration curves) and impact on conditionand usersb) Pred
49、ict future statusc) Identify current and future needs c) Identify needed spot improvementsd) Maintenance priority programming d) Develop maintenance and construction quantity estimatese) Determine effectiveness and benefits of alternative treatments e) Determine effectiveness and benefit of alternative treatmentsSurface friction a) Describe present status and estimate impacts on users a) Identify spot or section rehabilitation requirementsb) Predict future status and impact on condition and users b) Determine effectiveness and benefit of alternative treatmentsc) Priority pro
