1、Designation: E 1792 03Standard Specification forWipe Sampling Materials for Lead in Surface Dust1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1792; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、 A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers requirements for wipes that areused to collect settled dusts on surfaces for the subsequentdetermination
3、of lead.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Refe
4、renced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 105 Practice for Probability Sampling of MaterialsE 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodE 1605 Terminology Relating to Lead in BuildingsE 1613 Test Method forAnalysis for Determination of Leadby Inductiv
5、ely Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spec-trometry (ICP-AES), FlameAtomicAbsorption (FAAS), orGraphite Furnace Atomic Absorption (GFAAS) Tech-niquesE 1644 Practice for Hot Plate Digestion of Dust WipeSamples for Determination of LeadE 1728 Practice for Field Collection of Settled DustSamples Using Wip
6、e Sampling Methods for SubsequentLead DeterminationE 2239 Standard Practice for Record Keeping and RecordPreservation for Lead Hazard ActivitiesF 141 Standard Terminology Relating to Resilient FloorCoverings3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms not listed here, see TerminologyE 1605.3.2 Definit
7、ions:3.2.1 lot, na finite quantity of a given product manufac-tured under production conditions that are considered uniform.3.2.2 shelf life, nfor dust-wiping sampling, the maximumtime interval during which a wipe can be stored in an unopenedpackage and remain suitable for sampling of settled dust.3
8、.2.3 vinyl-composite tile, na resilient floor coveringcomposed of binder, fillers, and pigments. The binder consistsof one or more resins of poly (vinyl chloride) or vinyl cholridecopolymers, or both, compounded with suitable plasticizersand stabilizers. Other polymeric resins may be incorporated as
9、part of the binder (See Terminology F 141).3.2.4 wipe, na disposable towellette that is moistenedwith a wetting agent.3.2.4.1 DiscussionThe towellette is used to collect asample of settled dust on a surface for subsequent leadanalysis.4. Significance and Use4.1 This specification is intended for use
10、 by manufacturersand suppliers to evaluate the performance of wipe samplingmaterials for lead in surface dust.4.2 This specification may also be employed by users ofwipes to compare the performance of candidate wipes for thesampling of lead in surface dust.5. Manufacture5.1 The wipes shall be made f
11、rom materials using methodsthat ensure compliance with the requirements of Sections 6 and8, and shall be clean and free of imperfections that would affecttheir performance.6. General Requirements6.1 Wipes shall conform to the requirements in Paragraphs6.1.1 to 6.1.8. Test procedures for each require
12、ment are foundin Section 8.6.1.1 Background LeadThe mean background lead con-tent per un-spiked wipes tested shall be less than 1.0 g.6.1.2 Lead RecoveriesThe mean lead recoveries fromwipes spiked with Certified Reference Materials (CRMs)having 20 g, 100 g, and 500 g (610%) of lead per sampleshall b
13、e 100 % 6 20 % of the mean lead recovery from theCRM alone, that is, without a wipe included in the analysis1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.23on Lead Paint Abatement.Current edition ap
14、proved Oct. 1, 2003. Published October 2003. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as E 1792 02.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,
15、refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.(1)3. The coefficient of variation of the recoveries of sampleswith lead levels of 20 g shall not exceed 25 percent. Thec
16、oefficients of variation of the recoveries of samples with leadlevels of 100 g and 500 g shall not exceed 10 percent.6.1.3 Collection Effciency The minimum collection effi-ciency of at least 95% of the wipes tested shall be 75 %.6.1.4 RuggednessWipes shall be sufficiently rugged so asto be used on a
17、 smooth surface of a vinyl-composite floor tilesuch that a minimum of 95 % of wipes tested shall reveal noholes or tears.6.1.5 Moisture ContentEach wipe, when examined, mustbe wet both visibly and to the touch upon removal from thepackage. The coefficient of variation of moisture content ofwipes tes
18、ted shall be no greater than 25 %.6.1.6 MassThe coefficient of variation in mass shall notexceed 10 %.6.1.7 SizesThe mean area of wipes shall not be less than200 cm2and shall not be greater than 625 cm2. The meanlength of either side shall not be less than 10 cm or larger than25 cm.6.1.8 ThicknessTh
19、e mean thickness of wipes shall be atleast 0.05 mm but no greater than 0.5 mm.7. Selection and Handling of Wipes for Testing7.1 Wipes to be tested shall be from a single lot and beselected in accordance with Practice E 105.7.2 Wipes shall not be removed from their packages untilimmediately prior to
20、testing.8. Procedure8.1 Background and RecoveryBackground lead (6.1.1)ofun-spiked wipes and recoverability of lead from spiked wipes(6.1.2) shall be measured in accordance with Practice E 1644and Test Method E 1613. Recovery of lead from CRM(s)alone, that is without a wipe included in the analysis,
21、shall alsobe measured in accordance with the same procedure. Aminimum of 7 samples per each level (unspiked, 20 6 2 g,100 6 10 g, and 500 6 50 g) shall be tested. See Ref (2) foradditional guidelines on the spiking, digestion, and analysisprocedure.8.1.1 Compute the mean and coefficient of variation
22、 foreach set of samples. See Practice E 691 for details regardingstatistical computations. Compare with the requirements of6.1.1 and 6.1.2.8.2 Collection EffciencyCollection efficiency (6.1.3)shall be measured in accordance with either 8.2.1 or 8.2.2.Aminimum of seven wipes shall be tested using a s
23、mooth-surface vinyl-composite floor tile as a test surface.8.2.1 Load a delineated area of the test surface (minimumarea 900 cm2) with a known mass (0.5 6 0.05 g) of aerosolizedparticles or dust (e.g., lead oxide as described in (3) and thenwipe the test surface in accordance with Practice E 1728.8.
24、2.2 Alternatively, manually distribute (4) a known mass oflead-containing CRM uniformly onto the test surface, of900 cm2minimum area, and then wipe the surface in accor-dance with E 1728.8.2.3 In determining collection efficiency, the wipes shall beextracted and the lead content determined in accord
25、ance withPractice E 1644 and Test Method E 1613. Calculate the percentcollection efficiency (CE) for each wipe as follows:CE = 1003(lead determination in wipe)/(lead deposited on testsurface).8.3 Ruggednessto determine ruggedness (6.1.4), usebutted vinyl-composite floor tiles as a test surface (1800
26、 cm2minimum area). Subject a minimum of seven wipes to the wipetest procedures described in Practice E 1728. Examine eachwipe for the presence of holes or tears.8.4 Moisture ContentDetermine the mass of each wipetested before and after quantitative drying (to the nearest 0.01g). Calculate the percen
27、t moisture content (MC) (6.1.5) foreach wipe as follows:MC = 1003(mass before drying mass after drying)/massbefore drying.8.5 MassTo determine mass (6.1.7), use the data for driedwipes from 8.4. Calculate the mean mass and the coefficient ofvariation of all dry wipes.8.6 SizeDetermine the linear dim
28、ensions (6.1.7)ofaminimum of seven wipes to the nearest 1 mm. Calculate themean area of the wipes and the mean lengths of the shorter andlonger sides.8.7 ThicknessDetermine the thickness (6.1.8) of a mini-mum of seven individual dry wipes using a micrometer capableof reading to the nearest 0.01 mm.
29、Calculate the meanthickness.9. Retesting9.1 In cases where wipes fail to pass one or more require-ments of this specification, retesting shall be permitted. Boththe original data and the retesting data for each requirement forwhich retesting was conducted shall be used in determiningwhether the requ
30、irement is met.10. Packaging and Package Marking10.1 Wipes shall be wrapped individually. Wipes shall bewrapped and packaged according to trade custom.10.2 Each package shall be marked with the suppliersname, date of manufacture, lot number, and recommendedshelf life.10.3 The statement “meets ASTM E
31、 1792” shall be markedon individual packaging.Also, on general packaging, it shall bestated that the material meets the specifications delineated inthis specification, and that supporting performance data areavailable upon request.11. Recordkeeping11.1 All supporting data from tests conducted for ea
32、ch lotshall be kept by the supplier in accordance with PracticeE 2239.12. Keywords12.1 lead; surface dust; wipe3The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis standard.E1792032REFERENCES(1) NIOSH Method 7105, “Lead by HGAAS,” NIOSH Manual of Ana-lytical Methods
33、, 4th Ed., Cassinelli, M.E. and OConnor, P.F., eds.,National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH,1994.(2) Millson, M., Eller, P. M., and Ashley, K., “Evaluation of WipeSampling Materials for Lead in Surface Dust,” American IndustrialHygiene Association Journal, Vol 55, 1994,
34、 pp. 339342.(3) Chavalitnitikul, C., and Levin, L., “A Laboratory Evaluation of WipeTesting Based on Lead Oxide Surface Contamination,” AmericanIndustrial Hygiene Association Journal, Vol 45, 1984, pp. 311317.(4) Binstock, D.A., et al, “Preparation and Evaluation of Lead-Contaminated Dust Method Eva
35、luation Materials,” in Lead in Paint,Soil and Dust, ASTM STP 1226, M. E. Beard and S. D. A. Iske, eds.,ASTM, Philadelphia, PA, 1995.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard
36、 are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif n
37、ot revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which
38、 you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).E1792033
