1、Designation: E1908 10E1908 16Standard Guide forSample Selection of Debris Waste from a BuildingRenovation or Lead Abatement Project for ToxicityCharacteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) Testing forLeachable Lead (Pb)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1908; the number immediately fo
2、llowing the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide des
3、cribes a method for selecting samples of building components coated with paints suspected of containing lead.The samples are collected from the debris waste stream created during demolition, renovation, lead hazard control, or abatementprojects. The samples are subsequently analyzed in the laborator
4、y for lead.1.1.1 The debris waste stream is assumed to have more than one painted component, for example, metal doors, wood doors,and wood window trim.1.2 This guide is intended for use when sampling to test for lead only and does not include sampling considerations for othermetals or for organic co
5、mpounds. This guide also does not include consideration of sampling for determination of other possiblehazardous characteristics of the waste.1.3 This guide assumes that the individual component types comprising the debris waste stream are at least partially segregatedand that the volume of each typ
6、e of component in the debris waste stream may be estimated.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversionsto inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does n
7、ot purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards
8、:2D4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody ProceduresE105 Practice for Probability Sampling of MaterialsE2239 Practice for Record Keeping and Record Preservation for Lead Hazard Activities2.2 Federal Documents:340 CFR 261 Appendix II-Method 1311, Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP)29 CF
9、R 1926.62 OSHA Lead in Construction Standard2.3 OSHA Standard:429 CFR 1926.62 OSHA Lead in Construction Standard3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 component (of the waste), neach of those different and distinguishable materials that comprise the waste.1 This guide
10、 is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of E06.23 on Lead Hazards Associated withBuildingsCurrent edition approved Oct. 1, 2010March 1, 2016. Published November 2010April 2016. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous addition a
11、pproved in 20032010as E1908 03.E1908 10. DOI: 10.1520/E1908-10.10.1520/E1908-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page o
12、n the ASTM website.3 Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, Publishing Office, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401,http:/www.access.gpo.gov. 20401-0001, http:/www.gpo.gov.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provi
13、de the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the s
14、tandard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.2 sample (of the waste), na collection of the components of the waste assembled in proportion to their contribu
15、tion to thetotal volume of the waste.3.1.3 waste, nmaterial resulting from conduct of a demolition, renovation, or lead abatement project that is or will be directedfor disposal.3.1.4 waste stream, nthe total flow of waste from a demolition, renovation, lead hazard control or abatement project.NOTE
16、1Regulations promulgated by authorities having jurisdiction may define terms in 3.1.1 3.1.4 differently than defined above.4. Summary of Practice4.1 The entirety of the debris waste stream created by demolition, renovation, lead hazard control or abatement projects in andaround buildings and related
17、 structures is examined visually, and estimates made of the total volume of the waste and of the relativevolume proportions of the various components of the waste. A sample of the waste is selected and assembled that contains thevarious waste components in the same relative volume proportions as the
18、se estimates. The sample is then submitted to a laboratoryfor conduct of the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) for lead in accordance with 40 CFR 261.5. Significance and Use5.1 Waste samples collected using this guide provide representative samples for analysis in a laboratory using
19、the TCLP.5.2 The TCLP is used to simulate the transfer of lead from buried lead-containing waste into the ground water system uponcodisposal of the lead-containing waste and municipal solid waste in unlined solid-waste landfills. The TCLP attempts to simulaterain or ground water leaching, or both. F
20、or the procedure to yield a predictor of the subsurface (in-ground) leaching process, arepresentative sample of the volume of the waste must be selected and submitted for leaching and analysis. The result of thesampling, leaching, and analysis process is used to determine the waste handling and disp
21、osal protocols to be followed and todocument compliance with applicable laws, regulations, and requirements. The guide addresses the sampling process by defininga component-volume-based method to collect and assemble a representative sample of a solid waste stream that may containheterogeneous compo
22、nents.5.3 The collection of a volume-based sample of the waste stream is based on the fact that the TCLP leachate lead concentrationlimit, like other such TCLP limits, was developed based on the spatial dimensions of landfills.5.4 Individuals who use this guide are expected to be trained in the prop
23、er and safe conduct of sampling of lead-containingwastes, qualified/certified/licensed as required by those authorities having jurisdiction over such activities, and properly utilizetools and safety equipment when conducting these procedures.5.5 This guide may involve use of various hand and power t
24、ools for sampling the components of the waste. It is intended thatsuch tools should be properly and safely used by persons trained and familiar with their performance and use.5.6 In general terms, building components are drilled drilled, sawed, snipped, and so forth, to collect samples of the variou
25、scomponents in proportion to the volume of those components in the entire building. The component samples are assembled, andthe resulting assembled sample is analyzed according to the TCLP protocol.6. Sampling Supplies6.1 Hand and Power Tools, as needed for the sampling and handling of the various c
26、omponents of the waste (for example, drills,saws, metal snips).6.2 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and Systems, as appropriate for the safe collection and handling of the waste.NOTE 2Those requirements contained in 29 CFR 1926.62, for exposure to lead, may be considered. The presence of other ch
27、emical hazards in thewaste may necessitate the application of other such standards.6.3 Containers, of construction, size, and number to fully hold the waste sample assembled from the various components. Thesecontainers may be available from the laboratory to which the assembled waste sample is to be
28、 sent for analysis.6.4 Markers, pens, self-adhesive labels, for use in uniquely identifying samples of waste collected.6.5 Chain of Custody Forms, similar to those described in PracticeGuide D4840. These forms may be available from thelaboratory to which the assembled waste sample is to be sent for
29、analysis.7. Procedure7.1 Determine the Volume Proportions of the Sample7.1.1 Estimate the volume of each pile of painted waste that has been segregated according to component type, for examplemetal doors, wood doors, and wood window trim.7.1.2 Calculate the volume proportion of each component type a
30、s a percent of the total volume of the waste.NOTE 3If the volume estimate was made in units of cubic feet (ft3), convert to cubic metres (m3) by multiplying the value in cubic feet (ft3) by 0.0283as follows:E1908 1620.02833volume in cubic feet!5volume in cubic meters!NOTE 4If the volume estimate was
31、 made in units of cubic yards (yd3), convert to cubic metres (m3) by multiplying the value in cubic yards (yd3)by 0.765 as follows:0.765 volume in cubic yards!5volume in cubic metres!7.2 Collect a Volume Proportional SampleSample:7.2.1 Collect randomly a a randomly drilled, sawed, snipped, and so fo
32、rth, waste sample having a total mass between 0.25 kgand 1 kg. Follow Practice E105 to assure that the material collected is representative (Note 5).NOTE 5After preanalysis processing by the laboratory, this amount of the waste should be enough to yield a minimum of two 100-g TCLPspecimens.7.2.2 The
33、 amount collected from each pile shall be taken according to the volume proportion of each pile (Note 6).NOTE 6For example, assume that the project involved disposal of painted doors, door frames, windows, window frames or trim molding, or both,from several rooms. Assume further that glass is remove
34、d to be recycled. Segregated waste piles might then contain metal doors, wood doors (solid andhollow separately), metal door and window frames (no glass), wood door and window frames (no glass), and wood molding. As in 7.1.1, estimate thevolume of the waste in each pile and calculate the volume prop
35、ortions. See Table 1. As in 7.2.2, use the volume proportions to collect the appropriateamount of material from each pile. In this example, the sample would be 17 % wood by volume from window frames.8. Sample Handling and Analysis8.1 Preparation for ShipmentShipment:8.1.1 Prepare the total amount of
36、 waste collected as the sample from each pile for shipment (7.2.2) to a laboratory for analysis(Note 7).NOTE 7All the material sent to the laboratory comprises a single sample of the debris waste stream that is broken, cracked, crushed, cut, ground,etc., and so forth, as a whole and is homogenized b
37、efore a subsample is taken for TCLP analysis.8.1.1.1 Place the total amount of waste collected as the sample into one or more containers. Assure that each container issecurely closed to prevent sample loss or contamination during handling and transportation.8.2 Label each sample container with a uni
38、que identifier.8.3 Complete the request-for-analysis paperwork as required by the laboratory for analysis of the waste sample. Advise thelaboratory of the number and types of containers sent and the means and methods of delivery, and that TCLP for lead is to beperformed (Note 8).NOTE 8It is prudent
39、to contact the analytical laboratory to determine how laboratory personnel intend to or should process the sample prior tosubsampling for conduct of the TCLP.8.4 Complete a Chain of Custody form such as described in PracticeGuide D4840.8.4.1 Record the sample container identifiers on the Chain of Cu
40、stody form.8.5 Package the sample container(s) for shipment and label the over-pack, if one is used, according to applicable transportationlaws and regulations.8.5.1 Enclose the completed Chain of Custody form in the shipment package.8.6 Ship the packaged waste sample to a laboratory for analysis9.
41、Record Keeping9.1 Records shall be maintained in accordance with Practice E2239 and shall include, at a minimum, a copy of the report.10. Report10.1 A report shall be prepared and include at a minimum the following:10.1.1 A description of the project and site from which the waste was sampled includi
42、ng names, addresses, locations,waste-producing processes, and dates.10.1.2 A list and description of the components sampled from the waste stream.10.1.3 The estimated volumes of each component waste pile.10.1.4 The calculated volume proportion of each component comprising the entire waste sample.10.
43、1.5 A copy of the Completed Chain of Custody Form.TABLE 1 Example of Determining Volume ProportionsPainted Component Estimated Volume Volume Proportionwood doors, solid 0.081 m3 50 % (= 0.081/0.163)door frames, wood 0.020 m3 12 %windows, wood 0.031 m3 19 %window frames, steel 0.003 m3 2 %window fram
44、es, wood 0.028 m3 17 %total 0.163 m3 100 %E1908 16310.1.6 A copy of paperwork that was prepared as a record of the laboratory submission and analysis request.10.1.7 A copy of any packing list(s) or shipping papers, or both, used in shipment of the waste sample to the laboratory.11. Keywords11.1 abat
45、ement; lead; TCLP; wasteASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringe
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48、own to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting AS
49、TM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ Available from Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), 200 Constitution Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20210, http:/www.osha.gov.E1908 164
