ASTM E2156-2004 Standard Guide for Evaluating Economic Performance of Alternative Designs Systems and Materials in Compliance with Performance Standard Guides for Single-Family Att.pdf
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1、Designation: E 2156 04An American National StandardStandard Guide forEvaluating Economic Performance of Alternative Designs,Systems, and Materials in Compliance with PerformanceStandard Guides for Single-Family Attached and DetachedDwellings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2156
2、; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapprova
3、l.INTRODUCTIONThis guide on economics is part of a set which together presents a complete performance guide forspecifying and evaluating single-family attached and detached dwellings. The complete set in theseries, when finished, is to include the following attributes:A Structural Safety and Service
4、abilityB Fire SafetyC Accident SafetyD Health and HygieneE Indoor Air QualityF LightG AcousticsH DurabilityI AccessibilityJ SecurityK EconomicsL FunctionalityM AestheticsN AdaptabilityO MaintainabilityP SustainabilityThe series provides a framework for specifying and evaluating qualities of building
5、 products andsystems to meet user needs without limiting ways and means. The format for this series of standardguides includes performance statements that consist of four componentsObjectives, Criteria,Evaluation, and Commentary (O-C-E-C)which together provide a systematic performance-basedapproach
6、for the intended purpose.Each standard guide in the set presents a collection of information and a series of options availableto the specifier. The standard guides include examples of performance statements that may be used forthe specification and evaluation of residential designs, materials, produ
7、cts, components, subsystems,and systems.1. Scope1.1 What This Guide DoesThis guide helps designers,builders, home owners, and other stakeholders to identify andevaluate benefits and costs in order to make efficient choicesbetween two or more traditional alternatives and betweentraditional alternativ
8、es and new-technology products, systems,materials, and designs. It directs the users to ASTM classifi-cations, practices, adjuncts, and computer programs that imple-ment the appropriate economic method to evaluate thesebenefits and costs in making technology choices. The focus,however, is on a nine-
9、step process for using two ASTMpracticeslife-cycle costing (LCC), E 917, and the analyticalhierarchy process (AHP), E 1765to measure and evaluate theeconomic and overall performance of investments in single-family attached and detached dwellings. This guide containsthree appendixes. The first two ar
10、e designed to help usersidentify and evaluate benefits and costs. Appendix X1 containsa classification of benefits and a methodology for estimatingthese benefits. Appendix X2 contains a classification of costs1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performanceof Buildings and
11、is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.25 on WholeBuildings and Facilities.Current edition approved Oct 1, 2004. Published October 2004. Originallyapproved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as E 2156 01.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West C
12、onshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.and a methodology for estimating these costs. Appendix X3illustrates how to evaluate the economic performance of threealternative carpet materials, two traditional products and anew-technology product, when considering the guide for du-rability.1.2 Purpose o
13、f This GuideThe purpose of this guide is tohelp users make cost-effective choices between traditionalalternatives and new technologies permitted under perfor-mance standards. This guide (1) explains how the lack ofeconomic information discourages the introduction of newtechnologies; (2) helps decisi
14、on makers to identify and classifythe key types of benefits and costs associated with both newtechnologies and traditional alternatives; (3) shows how toselect alternatives that meet the performance standards, butcost less than traditional alternatives; and (4) shows how toincorporate nonfinancial i
15、nformation into the decision-makingprocess, enabling performance to be defined and using costsand other criteria.1.3 Relationship of This Guide to Other Performance Stan-dards GuidesIn this guide, economic analysis is used toevaluate and compare the economic performance of traditionalalternatives an
16、d new technologies permitted under perfor-mance standards for single-family attached and detacheddwellings. Use this economic analysis guide in evaluatingalternatives permitted under any of the other 15 performanceattributes, either singly or in combination. The objective ofeconomic analysis in this
17、 guide is to identify cost-effectivechoices among traditional alternatives and new technologiespermitted under performance standards. The other 15 perfor-mance attributes define the scope of the economic analysis.That is, cost-effectiveness derives from better economic valuewhile providing comparabl
18、e or better technical performancefor each attributes O-C-E-C performance statements. Conse-quently, to evaluate the economic performance of alternativeresidential designs, materials, products, components, sub-systems, or systems permitted under performance standards,the user of this guide must first
19、 select one or more attributes,use the O-C-E-C framework to develop and present thecorresponding performance statements, and identify the alter-natives to be evaluated. Appendix X3, for example, evaluatescarpeting with respect to the durability attribute and theeconomics attribute.2. Referenced Docu
20、ments2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE 833 Terminology of Building EconomicsE 917 Practice for Measuring Life-Cycle Costs of Buildingsand Building SystemsE 1369 Guide for Selecting Techniques for Treating Uncer-tainty and Risk in the Economic Evaluation of Buildingsand
21、 Building SystemsE 1557 Classification for Building Elements and RelatedSiteworkUNIFORMAT IIE 1765 Practice for Applying the Analytical Hierarchy Pro-cess (AHP) to Multiattribute Decision Analysis of Invest-ments Related to Buildings and Building SystemsE 2151 Terminology of Guides for Specifying an
22、d Evaluat-ing Performance of Single Family and Detatched Dwell-ings2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:Discount Factor Tables, Adjunct to Practice E 917Computer Program and Users Guide to Building Mainte-nance, Repair, and Replacement Database for Life-CycleCost Analysis, Adjunct to Practices E 917, E 964, E 1057,E 1
23、074, and E 1121Computer Program and Users Guide to AHP/Expert Choicefor ASTM Building Evaluation, Adjunct to ClassificationsE 1557, E 1660 through E 1671, E 1693, E 1694, E 1700,and E 1701, and Practices E 917, E 964, E 1057, E 1074,and E 17653. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms use
24、d in this guide,refer to Terminologies E 631, E 833, and Terminology E 2151.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 building economics, nthe application of economicanalysis to the design, financing, engineering, construction,management, operation, maintenance, repair, ownership, ord
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