1、Designation: E 2199 02Standard Specification forEncarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera:Aphelinidae)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2199; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、 A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers information on and the testmethod for determining the purity and number of adultsreleased in shipments of
3、 Encarsia formosa, parasite of thegreenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood.22. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3E 2200 Specification for Information Included With Pack-aging of Multi-cellular Biological Control Organisms3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This St
4、andard:3.1.1 life stage when shippedimmature.3.1.2 name of productEncarsia formosa Gahan3.1.3 preferred host preygreenhouse whitefly, Trialeu-rodes vaporariorum (Westwood)4. Classification4.1 PhylumArthropoda.4.2 ClassInsecta.4.3 OrderHymenoptera.4.4 FamilyAphelinidae.4.5 GenusEncarsia.4.6 Speciesfo
5、rmosa.TEST METHODDetermining the Purity and Numberof Adults Released in Shipments of E. formosa on Cards5. Summary of Test Method5.1 This test method describes a method of counting thenumber of E. formosa released from cards.5.2 The number of E. formosa adults released from parasit-ized whitefly sca
6、les attached to cards will be determined byexamining a minimum of 1000 parasitized scales and estimat-ing total number of live E. formosa and 95 % ConfidenceLimits (C.L.) per shipment. In each container, live contami-nants will be identified and recorded.6. Significance and Use6.1 The biological con
7、trol of greenhouse whitefly by E.formosa depends on accurate release numbers of adult para-sites. Accurate packaging and maintenance of purity andviability of E. formosa shipments is, therefore, essential for theeffective management of this pest. This test method may beperformed by the producers and
8、 end-users.7. Materials7.1 Dissecting microscope or headband magnifier (7 to103).7.2 45 mm diameter by 90 mm deep, clear plastic vial withsnap top.7.3 Fine pointed No. 5/0 paint brush.8. Test Unit8.1 A single shipment of E. formosa is considered a testunit.9. Pre-Test Conditions9.1 If samples must b
9、e held before testing, hold thembetween 10 and 15C, RH 60 to 90 %, for a maximum of 24 h.10. Sampling10.1 Specify the number of adults that should emerge fromindividual cards as indicated on the package before conductingthe test. Randomly select enough cards per shipment to makeup a minimum of 1000
10、parasites per test unit.11. Sample Preparation and Treatment11.1 Close each individual E. formosa card in a 45 mmdiameter by 90 mm deep, clear plastic vial. Cut a circle ofyellow double-sided sticky trap card the same size as the insidediameter of the lid and attach it to the underside of the lidbef
11、ore closing the vial. During the test, hold the samplesupright in a brightly lit area, such as a greenhouse, but out ofdirect sunlight, at between 20 and 25C and RH 60 to 90 %1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E35 onPesticides and Alternative Control Agents and are the d
12、irect responsibility ofSubcommittee E35.30 on Natural Multi-Cellular (Metazoan) Biological ControlOrganisms.Current edition approved April 10, 2002. Published July 2002.2Steinberg, S., and Dale, J., “Designing and Implementing Quality Control ofBeneficials Insects: Towards More Reliable Biological P
13、est Control,” Sting,Newsletter on Biological Control in Greenhouses, No. 18, July 1998, pp. 18-19.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Docu
14、ment Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.with a light regime of 16L:8D for at least 14 days or until alladults have emerged. Within this temperature range (20 to25C), emergence increases in
15、 proportion to the temperature.12. Counting Procedure12.1 Count adult parasites attached to the sticky trap andfound at the vial bottom using a dissecting microscope ormagnifier (7 to 103). Identify and record the number ofwhitefly or other live insects or mites appearing along with theparasites.13.
16、 Calculations and Interpretation of Results13.1 The following formulas are used to estimate the totalnumber of adult E. formosa obtained per sample and 95 %C.L.:x = mean number of adults produced per release unitor card,S.D. = standard deviation of the mean,f = fraction of a total contents of a pack
17、age on onecard or sample,df = degree of freedom (number of samples examinedminus 1),n = total number of samples examined, andta(df)= t value from table of “t,” two tailed test (a=0.05).Estimation of total number of E. formosa per package:x/fEstimation of 95 % Confidence Limits:Upper Limit: x/f! 1 ta
18、df!S.D.!/f =n!#Lower Limit: x/f! 2 tadf!S.D.!/f =n!#13.2 Interpretation of ResultsThe number indicated onthe package label should fall within or below the C.L. bands.When the upper C.L. band is below the number indicated onthe label, the shipment is considered below standard.14. Precision and Bias14
19、1 The precision and bias of this test method has not beendetermined.15. Keywords15.1 Encarsia formosa; greenhouse whitefly parasite; purityASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this
20、standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years
21、 andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committe
22、e, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).E2199022
