1、Designation: E 2542 08Standard Specification forPortable Water Heaters Used at Personnel DecontaminationStations1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2542; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year o
2、f last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification is used to standardize the portablewater heaters used on personnel decontamination lines toinsur
3、e the heaters provide sufficient heated water for as long asthey are needed during the emergency.NOTE 1These heaters are not intended to be used for the decontami-nation for any other surface or material. Also, these heaters are intendedto be portable and easy to use by first responders during a che
4、mical,biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosive (CBRNE) event.1.2 This specification contains a specification section and atest methods section so users need to refer to the sectionapplicable to their needs when using this standard specifica-tion.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be re
5、garded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.NOTE 2The U.S. first responder personnel using the equipmentmanufactured under this standard are not likely to be familiar with SI unitsso English units need to be included as part of the system documentationand shown on
6、control panels for any equipment sold to U.S. organizations.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-b
7、ility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 3195 Practice for Rotameter CalibrationE11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for TestingPurposes2.2 ASME Standards:3Boiler and Pressure Vessel CodeMFC-3M Measurement of Fluid Flow in Pipes Using Ori-fice,
8、 Nozzle, and Venturi2.3 NFPA Standard:4NFPA 70 National Electrical Code2.4 NIST Standard:5Recommended Practice Guide Special Publication 960-12 Stopwatch and Timer Calibrations3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.2 decontamination, nprocess of reducing or eliminatingthe hazards associated with chemical,
9、biological, or radiologi-cal contamination.3.2.1 DiscussionThe means of decontaminating person-nel, equipment, or areas include absorption, neutralization,weathering, and physical removal of the contaminant andhazards associated with nuclear, biological, or chemical (NBC)agents.4. Classification4.1
10、There will be no attempt to classify into categories thedifferent types of portable water heaters that can fall under thisspecification since this specification will only address theminimum requirements these heaters must satisfy.5. Ordering Information5.1 Personnel ordering portable water heaters u
11、sing thisspecification as a basis for their order should be aware that thisspecification is the minimum requirement for these types ofdevices and any needs beyond these minimum requirementsshall be stated in the request for quote.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 The hot water tanks of the portable wa
12、ter heaterspurchased under this specification shall conform to the require-ments of the current version of the ASME Boiler and PressureVessel Code.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E54 onHomeland Security Applications and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeE54.
13、03 on Decontamination.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2008. Published January 2008.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary p
14、age onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.4Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.
15、org.5Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http:/www.nist.gov.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7. Mechanical Properties7.1 The heat
16、er materials of construction shall be easilycleaned of surface mud and grime with no degradation of theunits ability to perform its function.7.2 The preferred fuels for the heater section of the portablewater heater are diesel fuel, gasoline, or bottled propane gas. Ifelectricity is used, the circui
17、t shall be no more than 120 V, 30A, single phase, and shall conform to NFPA 70 for outdoorusage.8. Performance Requirements8.1 Using the input flows shown in Table 1, a continuousflow (25 to 60 L/min 6.6 to 15.9 gal/min) of warm water(between 13 and 27C 55 and 80F) is provided at a pressurebetween 2
18、75 and 620 kPa (40 and 90 lb/in.2) at each of theinput conditions.8.2 Be capable of providing a warm water flow within thetemperature range specified in 8.1 within 2 min of beingsupplied 2C (36F) feed water.8.2.1 Use 4-cm (1.5-in.) National Pipe Thread connectors(preferably female) to receive the in
19、put water and discharge theoutlet water. The input lines shall be filtered using anASTM 18sieve. The sieve shall be certified under Specification E11toremove solid debris particles that might damage the equipmentor injure the personnel undergoing the decontaminationshower.NOTE 3As specified, the inl
20、et filter is not intended to protect againstchemical and biological warfare agents. The sole intended purpose of theinlet filter is to protect the water heater device from debris that may beattracted to it because of the suction of the inlet.9. Other Requirements9.1 Contain sufficient hoses as part
21、of the unit packaging toconnect to a water source up to 15.24 m (50 ft) distant andprovide warm water to a shower up to 7.62 m (25 ft) from theunit.10. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations10.1 The unit shall be man-transportable by not more thanfour first responders carrying the assembled un
22、it and not weighmore than 91 kg (200 lb) not including the fuel and hoses.TEST METHODS11. Scope11.1 These test methods shall be used to insure portablewater heaters comply with the requirements of this specifica-tion.12. Significance and Use12.1 The use of these acceptance tests will insure thatorga
23、nizations buying portable heaters will be assured theheaters meet certain performance requirements.13. Hazards13.1 Personnel using this portable water heater should takeprecautions against normal industrial hazards, such as fire andtemperature hazards or accumulation of exhaust. They shallalso compl
24、y with all other manufacturers warnings whenusing the equipment.14. Procedure14.1 Measurement of the Water Heater Units Water FlowThe water heater units water flow shall be measured, andrecorded, using one of the methods specified in the following:14.1.1 Rotameter Test Method:14.1.1.1 The testing fa
25、cility shall obtain a water flow meter(certified to Practice D 3195) with a current calibration in the10 to 70-L/min flow regime for the units warm water sideoutlet. Additionally, a water flow meter calibrated to 25 to 100L/min shall be obtained for the water heaters input line.14.1.1.2 Install the
26、flow meters as specified by the manu-facturers instructions on the cold water inlet side and the warmwater outlet of the heater unit.14.1.1.3 Begin operation of the water heater unit in accor-dance with the manufacturers instructions.14.1.1.4 Allow 2 min to pass as measured by a stopwatchcalibrated
27、following the NIST Recommended Practice GuideSpecial Publication 960-12 procedures.14.1.1.5 Record the flow rate of the warm water as detectedby the flow meters, perform follow-on recordings either usingan automated continuous recording device (with physicalchecks of the device being performed hourl
28、y to insure contin-ued operation of the water heater unit within the specifiedparameters), or manually recording the flow rate on an hourlybasis.14.1.1.6 Maintain operation of the water heater unit for aminimum of 12 h to insure the water heater unit can continu-ously supply warm water at this rate.
29、 Water used by the devicemay be recycled for use by the water heater unit as long as thewater is the same temperature as the makeup feed water.14.1.2 ASME Test Method:14.1.2.1 Set up and operate the test apparatus using theprocedures specified in ASME Standard MFC-3M.14.1.2.2 Begin operation of the
30、water heater unit in accor-dance with the manufacturers instructions.14.1.2.3 Allow 2 min to pass, as measured by a stopwatchcalibrated following the NIST Recommended Practice GuideSpecial Publication 960-12 procedures.14.1.2.4 Record the flow rate of the warm water as detectedby the flow meter(s),
31、perform follow-on recordings either usingan automated continuous recording device (with physicalchecks of the device being performed hourly to insure contin-ued operation of the water heater unit), or manually recordingthe flow rate on an hourly basis.14.1.2.5 Maintain operation of the water heater
32、unit for aminimum of 12 h to insure the unit can continuously supplywarm water at this rate. Water used by the device may berecycled for use by the water heater unit as long as the wateris the same temperature as the makeup feed water.14.2 Measurement of the Water Heater Units Cold WaterInlet and Wa
33、rm Water Output Temperatures:TABLE 1 Range of Input Water FlowsInlet Water Pressure, kPa (lb/in.2) Source Water Flow, L/min (gal/min)345 (50) 95 (25)552 (80) 95 (25)690 (100) 95 (25)E 2542 08214.2.1 The testing facility shall obtain water temperaturesbased onASTM Manual MNL126using a measurement dev
34、icethat has been calibrated to be accurate in the 0 to 35C rangefor the units warm water side outlet. Additionally, a measure-ment device that has been calibrated to be accurate in the 0 to35C range shall be obtained to measure the inlet temperature.14.2.2 Install the temperature meters as specified
35、 by themanufacturers instructions on the water inlet and outlet of thewater heater unit. The temperature meters on the outlet side ofthe water heater unit shall be placed at the end of the outlethose, at least 7.62 m from the unit. At a minimum, the outlethose shall be tested at ambient air temperat
36、ures of 20 and+35C.14.2.3 Begin operation of the water heater unit in accor-dance with the manufacturers instructions.14.2.4 Allow 2 min to pass, as measured by a calibratedstopwatch calibrated following the NIST Recommended Prac-tice Guide Special Publication 960-12 procedures. Record thetemperatur
37、e of the inlet water and the outlet water as detectedby the temperature meters, perform follow-on recordings eitherusing an automated continuous recording device (with physicalchecks of the device being performed hourly to insure contin-ued operation of the water heater unit), or manually recordingt
38、he temperatures on an hourly basis. At a minimum, the waterheater shall be tested at an inlet water temperature of 2C.14.2.5 Maintain operation of the water heater unit for aminimum of 12 h to insure the water heater unit can continu-ously supply warm water at the required temperature. Waterused by
39、the device may be recycled for use by the water heaterunit after the water has cooled to the same temperature as theinitial feed water.14.3 Measurement of the Water Heater Units Water Supplyand Outlet PressuresThe water pressure supplied to anddelivered from by the heater unit shall be measured acco
40、rdingto the requirements of ASME PTC 19.2.715. Precision and Bias15.1 The precision and bias from the referenced standardsshall apply to the measurements required by this specification.16. Rejection and Rehearing16.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements ofthis specification may be reje
41、cted.17. Certification17.1 At a minimum, the performance of the unit at the waterflow conditions given in Table 1 shall be permanently attachedto the water heater unit using a metal plate.Additionally, whenspecified in the purchase order or contract, the purchaser shallbe furnished certification sta
42、ting that the device is in conform-ance with this specification. When specified in the purchaseorder or contract, a report of the test results shall be furnished.Test reports may be transmitted to the purchaser by electronicservices. The content of the electronically transmitted docu-ment shall conf
43、orm to any existing agreement between thepurchaser and the seller.18. Product Marking18.1 The water heater units shall be marked in any fashionthat adequately identifies the device, any applicable usagewarnings, and adherence to the requirements of this specifica-tion. Additional markings may be req
44、uired by the purchaser inthe purchase order or contract.19. Packaging and Package Marking19.1 The packaging may be marked in any fashion thatadequately identifies the package contents, any applicableusage warnings, and adherence to the requirements of thisspecification. Additional markings may be re
45、quired by thepurchaser in the purchase order or contract.20. Keywords20.1 decontamination; shower; warm waterASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised
46、that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reap
47、proved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you
48、 feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual
49、reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).6Manual on the use of Thermocouples in Temperature Measurement, FourthEdition, MNL 12, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 1993.7ASME PTC-19.2, Pressure Measurement, ASME International, New York,1987, reaffirmed date: 2004.E 2542 083
