1、Designation: E2652 09aAn American National StandardStandard Test Method forBehavior of Materials in a Tube Furnace with a Cone-shapedAirflow Stabilizer, at 750C1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2652; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal a
2、doption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This fire-test-response test method covers the determi-nation under s
3、pecified laboratory conditions of combustioncharacteristics of building materials.1.2 Limitations of this fire-test response test method areshown below.1.2.1 This test method does not apply to laminated or coatedmaterials.1.2.2 This test method is not suitable or satisfactory formaterials that softe
4、n, flow, melt, intumesce or otherwiseseparate from the meeasuring thermocouple.1.2.3 This test method does not provide a measure of anintrinsic property.1.2.4 This test method does not provide a quantitativemeasure of heat generation or combustibility; it simply servesas a test method with selected
5、(end point) measures ofcombustibility.1.2.5 This test method does not measure the self-heatingtendencies of materials.1.2.6 In this test method materials are not being tested in thenature and form used in building aplications. The test specimenconsists of a small, specified volume that is either (1)
6、 cut froma thick sheet; (2) assembled from multiple thicknesses of thinsheets; or (3) placed in a container if composed of grarnularpowder or loose fiber materials.1.2.7 Results from this test method apply to the specific testapparatus and test conditions and are likely to vary whenchanges are made
7、to one or more of the following: (1) the size,shape, and arrangement of the specimen; (2) the distribution oforganice content; (3) the exposure temperature; (4) the airsupply; (5) the location of thermocouples.1.3 This test method references notes and footnotes thatprovide explanatory information. T
8、hese notes and footnotes,excluding those in tables and figures, shall not be considered asrequirements of this test method.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.5 This test method is technically equivalent to ISO 11
9、82.1.6 This standard is used to measure and describe theresponse of materials, products, or assemblies to heat andflame under controlled conditions, but does not by itselfincorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-riskassessment of the materials, products, or assemblies underactual fir
10、e conditions.1.7 FIre testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safe-guards for personnel and property shall be employed inconducting these tests.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this stan
11、dard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E136 Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a VerticalTube Furnace at 750CE176 Terminology of Fire Standards2.2 ISO Standard
12、s:3ISO 1182 Reaction to Fire Tests for Building Products Non-combustibility TestISO 13943 Fire Safety VocabularyISO 5725-2:1994 Accuracy (trueness and precision) ofMeasured Methods and Results Part 2: Basic Method forthe Determination of Repeatability and Reproducibility ofa Standard Measurement Met
13、hod2.3 Other Standards:41This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on FireStandards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.23 on Combustibil-ity.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2009. Published January 2010. Originallyapproved in 2009. Last previous edition appr
14、oved in 2009 as E2652091. DOI:10.1520/E2652-09A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available fr
15、om American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from International Maritime Origanization, 55 Victoria St., London,SWIH0EU, United Kingdom, http:/www.imo.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700
16、, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.IMO Fire Test Procedures Code3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms found in this testmethod, refer to Terminology E176 and ISO 13943. In case ofconflict, the definitions given in Terminology E176 shallprevail.3.2 Definitions of Terms
17、Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 homogeneous product, na product with nominallyuniform density and composition.3.2.2 non-homogeneous product, na product that does notsatisfy the requirements of a homogeneous product.3.2.2.1 DiscussionNon-homogeneous products are oftencomposed of more than one compone
18、nt.3.2.3 sustained flaming (for testing at 750C), nsustainedflaming for testing at 750C (1382F) is the persistence of aflame on or over any part of the visible part of the test specimenlasting5sorlonger.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method uses a furnace to expose buildingmaterials for at l
19、east 30 min to a temperature of 750C(1382F).4.2 The furnace consists of an enclosed refractory tubesurrounded by a heating coil with a cone-shaped airflowstabilizer.4.3 Thermocouples are used to assess the temperature in-creases resulting from combustion of the product.4.4 Weight loss and flaming co
20、mbustion of the product isalso assessed.5. Significance and Use5.1 While actual building fire exposure conditions are notduplicated, this test method will assist in indicating thosematerials which do not act to aid combustion or add appre-ciable heat to an ambient fire.5.2 This test method does not
21、apply to laminated or coatedmaterials.5.3 This test method is technically equivalent to ISO 1182.6. Test Apparatus6.1 General:6.1.1 The apparatus shall consist of a refractory tube furnaceinsulated and surrounded by a heating coil. A cone-shapedairflow stabilizer shall be attached to the base of the
22、 furnaceand a draft shield to its top. Details are shown in Fig. 1.6.1.2 Thermocouples shall be provided for measuring thefurnace temperature and the furnace wall temperature. Op-tional additional thermocouples shall be used if the specimensurface temperature and the specimen center temperature arer
23、equired.6.1.3 A thermal sensor shall be used to measure the furnacetemperature along its central axis.6.1.4 Unless stated otherwise, all dimensions shall have a5 % tolerance.6.2 Test Furnace:6.2.1 The test furnace shall consist primarily of the follow-ing.6.2.2 The furnace tube shall be constructed
24、of a refractorymaterial, as specified in Table 1, of density 2800 6 300kg/m3(175 6 19 lb/ft3).6.2.3 The furnace shall be 150 6 1 mm (5.9 6 0.04 in.) highwith an internal diameter of 75 6 1 mm (2.9 6 0.04 in.) anda wall thickness of 10 6 1 mm (0.4 6 0.04 in.).6.2.4 The furnace tube shall be surrounde
25、d by an annularspace of the following dimensions: 150 mm (5.9 6 0.04 in.)high and of 10 mm (0.4 6 0.04 in.) wall thickness.6.2.4.1 The annular space shall be fitted with top and bottomplates, recessed internally to locate the ends of the furnacetube.6.2.4.2 The annular space shall be insulated with
26、a 25 mm(1 in.) mm layer of an insulating material having a thermalconductivity of 0.04 6 0.01 W/(m K) (0.00077 6 0.00019BTU in./(s ft2F) at a mean temperature of 20C (68F).Magnesium oxide powder of a nominal bulk density of 170 630 kg/m3(10.6 6 1.9 lb/ft3) is a suitable material for this use.6.2.5 T
27、he furnace tube shall be provided with a singlewinding of 80/20 nickel/chromium electrical resistance tape,3mm6 0.1 mm (0.12 6 4/1000 in.) wide and 0.2 6 0.01 mm(8/1000 6 0.4/1000 in.) thick.6.2.5.1 Wind the electrical resistance tape as specified inFig. 2.6.2.5.2 Cut grooves into the furnace tube s
28、o as to allowaccurate winding of the electrical tape.6.2.6 An open-ended cone-shaped air-flow stabilizer shallbe attached to the underside of the furnace.6.2.6.1 The air-flow stabilizer shall be 500 mm (19.7 in.)long and shall be reduced uniformly from an internal diameterof 75 6 1mm (2.9 6 0.04 in.
29、) at the top to an internal diameterof 10.0 6 0.5 mm (0.4 6 0.4 in.) at the bottom.6.2.6.2 The air flow stabilizer shall be manufactured from1 mm thick sheet steel, with a smooth finish on the inside. Thejoint between the air flow stabilizer and the furnace shall havean airtight fit, with an interna
30、l smooth finish.6.2.6.3 The upper half of the air flow stabilizer shall beinsulated with a 25 mm (1 in.) layer of an insulating materialhaving a thermal conductivity of 0.04 6 0.01 W/(m K)(0.00077 6 0.00019 BTU in./(s ft2F) at a mean temperatureof 20C (68F). Mineral fiber insulating material with an
31、ominal thermal conductivity of 0.04 6 0.01 W/(m K)(0.00077 6 0.00019 BTU in./(s ft2F) at a mean temperature of20C (68F) is a suitable material for this use.6.2.7 A draft shield, constructed of the same material as theair flow stabilizer, shall be provided at the top of the furnace.It shall be 50 mm
32、(2 in.) high and have an internal diameter of75 6 1 mm (2.9 6 0.04 in.)6.2.7.1 The draft shield and its joint with the top of thefurnace shall have smooth internal finish.6.2.7.2 The exterior shall be insulated with a 25 mm (1 in.)layer of an insulating material having a thermal conductivity of0.04
33、6 0.01 W/(m K) (0.00077 6 0.00019 BTU in./(s ft2F)at a mean temperature of 20C (68F). Mineral fiber insulatingmaterial with a nominal thermal conductivity of 0.04 6 0.01W/(m K) (0.00077 6 0.00019 BTU in./(s ft2F) at a meantemperature of 20C (68F) is a suitable material for this use.E2652 09a26.2.8 T
34、he assembly, consisting of the furnace, air flowstabilizer cone and draft shield, shall be mounted on a firmhorizontal stand, with a base and draft screen attached to thestand, to reduce drafts around the bottom of the stabilizer cone.The draft screen shall be 550 mm (21.7 in.) high and thebottom of
35、 the air flow stabilizer cone shall be located 250 mm(9.8 in.) above the base plate.6.3 Test Specimen Holder and Insertion Device:6.3.1 The test specimen holder shall be made of nickel/chromium or of an alternate heat-resisting steel wire. A finemetal gauze tray of heat-resisting steel shall be plac
36、ed in thebottom of the holder. The weight of the holder shall be 15 6 2g (0.53 6 0.07 oz).6.3.2 The test specimen holder shall be capable of beingsuspended from the lower end of a stainless steel tube with a 6mm (14 in.) outside diameter anda4mm(0.15 in.) bore, asshown in Fig. 3.6.3.3 The test speci
37、men holder shall be provided with asuitable insertion device for lowering it down the axis of thefurnace tube without shock, so that the geometric center of theFIG. 1 Test ApparatusKey to numbers in Fig. 11 Stand 7 Heat resisting steel rod for insertion device 13 External insulating wall2 Insulation
38、 8 Stop 14 Mineral fiber cement3 Magnesium oxide powder 9 Specimen thermocouples (optional) 15 Seal4 Furnace tube 10 Stainless steel tube 16 Stabilizer cone5 Heating coils 11 Specimen holder 17 Draft screen (metal sheet)6 Draft shield 12 Furnace thermocoupleTABLE 1 Furnace Tube Refractory Material f
39、or ApparatusMaterialComposition% (kg/kg mass)Alumina (Al2O3) 89Silica and alumina (SiO2,Al2O3) 98Ferric oxide (Fe2O) 0,45Titanium dioxide (TiO2) 0,25Manganese oxide (Mn3O4) 0,1Other trace oxides (sodium, potassium,calcium and magnesium oxides)The balanceE2652 09a3specimen during the test is located
40、at the geometric center ofthe furnace, with a 63mm(618 in.) tolerance. The insertiondevice shall consist of a metallic sliding rod moving freelywithin a vertical guide fitted to the side of the furnace.6.3.4 The test specimen holder for loose fill materials shallbe cylindrical and shall have the sam
41、e inner dimensions as theouter dimensions of the test specimen. It shall be made of finemetal wire gauze, constructed of heat resisting steel similar tothe wire gauze used at the bottom of the test specimen holderspecified in 6.3.1. The specimen holder shall have an open endat the top. The weight of
42、 the holder shall not exceed 30 g (1.06oz).6.4 Thermocouples:6.4.1 Thermocouples shall have a wire diameter of 0.3 mm(0.01 in.) and an outer diameter of 1.5 mm (0.06 in.). The hotjunction shall be insulated and not earthed. The thermocouplesshall be of either type K or type N. The thermocoupleinsula
43、ting material shall be either stainless steel or a nickelbased alloy.6.4.2 All new thermocouples shall be exposed to a Bunsenburner yellow flame for not less than 60 s before use.NOTE 1This will reduce thermocouple reflectivity.6.4.3 The furnace thermocouple shall be located with its hotjunction 10.
44、0 6 0.5 mm (0.4 6 0.04 in.) from the tube wall andat a height corresponding to the geometric center of the furnacetube. A locating guide is a useful tool to set the position of thethermocouple. The correct position shall be maintained withthe help of a guide attached to the draft shield.6.4.4 In add
45、ition to the thermocouple for the measurementof the furnace temperature, a similar thermocouple shall beprovided for measuring the furnace wall temperature duringcalibration.FIG. 2 Furnace Winding for Test ApparatusE2652 09a46.4.5 Optional thermocouples are described in Annex A2.6.4.6 An optional mi
46、rror is described in Annex A2.6.5 Thermal SensorThe thermal sensor shall be con-structed of a thermocouple of the type specified in 6.4, brazedto a copper cylinder 10.0 6 0.2 mm (0.4 6 0.001 in.) indiameter and 15.0 6 0.2 mm (0.6 6 0.001 in.) high.6.6 MirrorTo facilitate observation of sustained fla
47、mingand for operator safety, it is advisable to provide a mirror abovethe apparatus, positioned so that it will not affect the test. Asquare mirror, 300 mm (11.8 in.) per side, at an angle of 30 tothe horizontal, and placed 1 m (1.1 yd) above the furnace hasbeen found suitable.6.7 BalanceA balance w
48、ith an accuracy of 0.01 g (0.004oz) is required.6.8 Voltage StabilizerA single-phase automatic voltagestabilizer, with a rating of not less than 1.5 kVA, shall beFIG. 3 Specimen Holder for Solid SpecimensKey Dimensions in millimetres1 Stainless steel tube TcSpecimen centre thermocouple2 Aperture mes
49、h 0,9 mm diameter of wire 0,4 mm TsSpecimen surface thermocoupleNote use of Tcand Tsis optionalE2652 09a5provided. It shall be capable of maintaining the accuracy of theoutput voltage within 61 % of the rated value, from zero to fullload.6.9 Variable TransformerA voltage transformer capableof handling at least 1.5 kVA and of regulating the voltageoutput from zero to a maximum value equal to that of the inputvoltage shall be provided. The voltage output shall varylinearly over the range.6.10 Electrical Input MonitorAn ammeter and
