ASTM E2696-2009(2013) Standard Practice for Life and Reliability Testing Based on the Exponential Distribution《基于指数分布的寿命和可靠性测试的标准实施规程》.pdf
《ASTM E2696-2009(2013) Standard Practice for Life and Reliability Testing Based on the Exponential Distribution《基于指数分布的寿命和可靠性测试的标准实施规程》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM E2696-2009(2013) Standard Practice for Life and Reliability Testing Based on the Exponential Distribution《基于指数分布的寿命和可靠性测试的标准实施规程》.pdf(43页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: E2696 09 (Reapproved 2013) An American National StandardStandard Practice forLife and Reliability Testing Based on the ExponentialDistribution1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2696; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adopti
2、on or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice presents standard sampling procedures andtables for life and
3、 reliability testing in procurement, supply, andmaintenance quality control operations as well as in researchand development activities.1.2 This practice describes general procedures and defini-tions of terms used in life test sampling and describes specificprocedures and applications of the life te
4、st sampling plans fordetermining conformance to established reliability require-ments.1.3 This practice is an adaptation of the Quality Control andReliability Handbook H-108, “Sampling Procedures andTables for Life and Reliability Testing (Based on ExponentialDistribution),” U.S. Government Printing
5、 Office, April 29,1960.1.4 A system of units is not specified in this practice.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and dete
6、rmine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and StatisticsE2234 Practice for Sampling a Stream of Product by Attri-butes Indexed by AQLE2555 Practice for Factors and Procedures for Applying theMIL-STD
7、-105 Plans in Life and Reliability Inspection3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 See Terminology E456 for a more extensive listing ofterms in ASTM Committee E11 standards.3.1.2 consumers risk, ,nprobability that a lot havingspecified rejectable quality level will be accepted under adefined sampling
8、plan. E25553.1.2.1 DiscussionIn this practice, the consumers risk isthe probability of accepting lots with mean time to failure 1.3.1.2.2 DiscussionFor the procedures of 9.7 and 9.8, theconsumers risk may also be defined as the probability ofaccepting lots with unacceptable proportion of lot failing
9、before specified time, p1.3.1.3 life test, nprocess of placing one or more units ofproduct under a specified set of test conditions and measuringthe time until failure for each unit.3.1.4 mean time to failure, , n in life testing, the averagelength of life of items in a lot.3.1.4.1 DiscussionAlso kn
10、own as mean life.3.1.5 number of failures, nnumber of failures that haveoccurred at the time the decision as to lot acceptability isreached.3.1.5.1 DiscussionThe expected number of failures re-quired for decision is the average of the number of failuresrequired for decision when life tests are condu
11、cted on a largenumber of samples drawn at random from the same exponen-tial distribution.3.1.6 producers risk, ,nprobability that a lot havingspecified acceptable quality level will be rejected under adefined sampling plan.3.1.6.1 DiscussionIn this practice, the producers risk isthe probability of r
12、ejecting lots with mean time to failure 0.3.1.6.2 DiscussionFor the procedures of 9.7 and 9.8, theproducers risk may also be defined as the probability ofrejecting lots with acceptable proportion of lot failing beforespecified time, p0.3.1.7 sequential life test, nlife test sampling plan wherebyneit
13、her the number of failures nor the time required to reach adecision are fixed in advance but instead decisions depend onthe accumulated results of the life test.3.1.8 unit of product, nthat which is inspected to deter-mine its classification as defective or nondefective or to countthe number of defe
14、cts. E22341This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E11 on Quality andStatistics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E11.30 on StatisticalQuality Control.Current edition approved April 1, 2013. Published April 2013. Originallyapproved in 2009. Last previous edition appr
15、oved in 2009 as E2696 091. DOI:10.1520/E2696-09E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright
16、ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.9 waiting time, nin life testing, the time elapsed fromthe start of testing until a decision is reached as to lotacceptability.3.1.9.1 DiscussionThe expected waiting time required fordecision
17、is the average of the waiting times required fordecision when life tests are conducted on a large number ofsamples drawn at random from the same exponential distribu-tion.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice was prepared to meet a growing need forthe use of standard sampling procedures and table
18、s for life andreliability testing in government procurement, supply, andmaintenance quality control (QC) operations as well as inresearch and development activities where applicable.4.2 A characteristic feature of most life tests is that theobservations are ordered in time to failure. If, for exampl
19、e, 20radio tubes are placed on life test, and tidenotes the time whenthe ith tube fails, the data occur in such a way that t1 t2 . tn. The same kind of ordered observations will occur whetherthe problem under consideration deals with the life of electricbulbs, the life of electronic components, the
20、life of ballbearings, or the length of life of human beings after they aretreated for a disease. The examples just given all involveordering in time.4.3 In destructive testing involving such situations as thecurrent needed to blow a fuse, the voltage needed to breakdown a condenser, or the force nee
21、ded to rupture a physicalmaterial, the test can often be arranged in such a way that everyitem in the sample is subjected to precisely the same stimulus(current, voltage, or stress). If this is done, then clearly theweakest item will be observed to fail first, the second weakestnext, and so forth. W
22、hile the random variable consideredmostly in this guide is time to failure, it should be emphasized,however, that the methodology provided herein can be adaptedto the testing situations mentioned above when the randomvariable is current, voltage, stress, and so forth.4.4 Sections 6 and 7 describe ge
23、neral procedures anddefinitions of terms used in life test sampling. Sections 8, 9,and 10 describe specific procedures and applications of the lifetest sampling plans for determining conformance to establishedreliability requirements.4.5 Whenever the methodology or choice of procedures inthe practic
24、e requires clarification, the user is advised to consulta qualified mathematical statistician, and reference should bemade to appropriate technical reports and other publications inthe field.5. Introduction5.1 The theory underlying the development of the life testsampling plans of this section, incl
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