1、Designation: E2885 13Standard Specification forHandheld Point Chemical Vapor Detectors (HPCVD) forHomeland Security Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2885; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revis
2、ion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 General:1.1.1 This document presents baseline performance require-ments and additional optional capab
3、ilities for handheld pointchemical vapor detectors (HPCVD) for homeland securityapplications. This document is one of several that describechemical vapor detectors (for example, handheld, and station-ary) and chemical detection capabilities including: chemicalvapor hazard detection, identification,
4、and quantification. AnHPCVD is capable of detecting and alarming when exposed tochemical vapors that pose a risk as defined by the AcuteExposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals(AEGL).1.1.2 This document provides the HPCVD baselinerequirements, including performance, system, environm
5、ental,and documentation requirements. This document providesHPCVD designers, manufacturers, integrators, procurementpersonnel, end users/practitioners, and responsible authorities acommon set of parameters to match capabilities and userneeds.1.1.3 This document is not meant to provide for all uses.M
6、anufacturers, purchasers, and end users will need to deter-mine specific requirements including, but not limited to, use byHAZMAT teams, use in explosive atmospheres, use withpersonal protective equipment (PPE), use by firefighters andlaw enforcement officers, special electromagnetic compatibil-ity
7、needs, extended storage periods, and extended missiontime. These specific requirements may or may not be generallyapplicable to all HPCVDs.1.2 Operational ConceptsHPCVDs are used to detect,identify, and/or quantify chemical vapor hazards that pose30-min Acute Exposure Guideline Level-2 (AEGL-2) dang
8、ers.The HPCVD should not alarm to environmental backgroundchemical vapors and should provide low false positive alarmrates and no false negatives. Uses of an HPCVD include searchand rescue, survey, surveillance, sampling, and temporaryfixed-site monitoring. An HPCVD should withstand the rigorsassoci
9、ated with uses including, but not limited to, high- andlow-temperature use and storage conditions; shock and vibra-tion; radio frequency interference; and rapid changes in oper-ating temperature, pressure, and humidity.1.3 HPCVD Chemical Detection CapabilitiesManufacturers document and verify, throu
10、gh testing, thechemical detection capabilities of the HPCVD. Test methodsfor assessing chemical detection capabilities are available fromthe Department of Homeland Security and the Department ofDefense and are listed in Appendix X3.1.4 HPCVD System and Environmental PropertiesManufacturers document
11、and verify, through testing, the sys-tem and environmental properties of the HPCVD. Example testmethods for assessing the system and environmental propertiesare listed in Appendix X4.1.5 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regardedas the standard. Vapor concentrations of the hazardous mate-
12、rials are presented in parts per million (ppm) as used in AcuteExposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals,Vols 1-9 (see 2.1) and in mg/m3.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of th
13、is standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels:Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected AirborneChemicals, Vols 1-922.2 Code of Federal Regulation
14、s:3CFR Title 40 Protection of the Environment, Part 72.2Permits Regulation, Definitions1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E54 onHomeland Security Applications and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeE54.01 on CBRNE Sensors and Detectors.Current edition approved M
15、ay 1, 2013. Published June 2013. DOI: 10.1520/E2885-13.2Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels, Committee on Toxicology,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Division on Earth and LifeStudies, National Research Council of the National Academies; 2000-2010, http:/www.epa.gov/oppt/aegl/
16、index.htm, updated August 2010.3Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United
17、 States1CFR Title 10 Gas andAerosol Detectors Containing Byprod-uct Material, Part 30.20, Energy3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 30-minute Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Se-lected Airborne Chemicals, (30-min AEGL value),nrepresent exposure limits for the general public and areapplicable to e
18、mergency exposure periods for 30 minutes.3.1.2 AEGL-1, nairborne concentration (expressed as ppmor mg/m3) of a substance above which it is predicted that thegeneral population, including susceptible individuals, couldexperience transient health effects.3.1.3 AEGL-2, nairborne concentration (expresse
19、d as ppmor mg/m3) of a substance above which it is predicted that thegeneral population, including susceptible individuals, couldexperience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adversehealth effects or an impaired ability to escape.3.1.4 AEGL-3, nairborne concentration (expressed as ppmor mg/
20、m3) of a substance above which it is predicted that thegeneral population, including susceptible individuals, couldexperience life-threatening health effects or death.3.1.5 alarm, nsound, light, vibration, and/or data commu-nication signal to the operator(s) indicating that the handheldpoint chemica
21、l vapor detector (HPCVD) has detected thepresence of a chemical vapor of interest at or above the alarmthreshold value.3.1.6 alarm threshold value, nvapor concentration corre-sponding to an AEGL value (AEGL-1, AEGL-2, or AEGL-3)that activates an HPCVD alarm.3.1.7 background chemical vapors, ninciden
22、tal chemicalvapors present in the environment at vapor concentrationslower than the 30-minute AEGL-1 values.3.1.8 consumables, nHPCVD components that requireperiodic replacement.3.1.9 false negative, nthe HPCVD fails to alarm in thepresence of a chemical of interest when the vapor concentra-tion is
23、at or above the indicated alarm threshold value.3.1.10 false positive alarm, nthe HPCVD indicates thepresence of a chemical of interest when none is present or if thechemical is present at vapor concentrations less than 50 % ofthe indicated alarm threshold value.3.1.11 indicator, ninformation other
24、than an alarm pro-vided to the operator by the HPCVD.3.1.12 laboratory challenge stream, na synthesizedchemical vapor mixture used to verify in the laboratory thechemical detection capabilities of an HPCVD.3.1.13 mean time between failures, nestimate of theelapsed time between inherent failures of a
25、 system duringoperation, one measure of system reliability.3.1.14 probability of detection, nunder specificconditions, the probability that the HPCVD will activate analarm when a chemical of interest is present at or above thealarm threshold values.3.1.15 response time, ntime for the HPCVD to detect
26、 andactivate an alarm when exposed to a chemical of interest atvapor concentrations at or above the alarm threshold value.3.1.16 saturation, na condition in which the detectorresponse no longer increases with increased vapor concentra-tion.3.1.17 selectivity, nability of an HPCVD to distinguishone o
27、r more chemicals of interest in the presence of back-ground chemical vapors.3.1.18 sensitivity, nability to detect one or more chemicalsof interest at the alarm threshold values within the specifiedresponse time.3.1.19 vapor, nin the context of this document, vaporrefers to either gases or gas phase
28、 chemicals where the samesubstance also exists in either a liquid or solid state.4. Chemical Detection Performance Requirements4.1 The manufacturer shall document the capabilities of theHPCVD to detect, identify, and quantify chemical vaporhazards.4.2 Detection and Hazard Identification:4.2.1 The ba
29、seline capability of the HPCVD is to detect andalarm to at least four hazardous chemical vapors listed in theAcute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected AirborneChemicals. The Tables in Appendix X1 provide a representa-tive list of chemical vapor hazards.4.2.2 The HPCVD shall detect the manufacture
30、r-documented chemical vapors without user intervention.4.2.3 The HPCVD:4.2.3.1 Shall alarm in the presence of manufacturer-documented chemical vapors at the vapor concentrations givenin 4.3 with response times given in 4.4;4.2.3.2 Shall indicate each 30-min AEGL value that thedetected chemical vapor
31、(s) is at or above; and4.2.3.3 Should indicate the chemical class or specific chemi-cal(s) that is detected.4.3 Sensitivity:4.3.1 For each manufacturer-documented chemical vapor,the manufacturer:4.3.1.1 Shall declare and document the HPCVD capabilityto alarm at the 30-min AEGL-2 value;4.3.1.2 May de
32、clare and document the HPCVD capability toalarm at the 30-min AEGL-1 value; and4.3.1.3 May declare and document the HPCVD capability toalarm at the 30-min AEGL-3 value.4.3.2 The HPCVD alarm signal shall automatically ceasewithin 2 minutes after the concentration drops below half of thealarm threshol
33、d values.4.3.3 At vapor concentrations greater than the 30-minAEGL-3 values:4.3.3.1 The HPCVD shall continue to alarm;4.3.3.2 If the detector is saturated, the HPCVD shall indi-cate it is saturated; and4.3.3.3 The HPCVD should be designed to avoid detectorsaturation at vapor concentrations below twi
34、ce the AEGL-3vapor concentration values.E2885 1324.3.4 The HPCVD should indicate relative concentrations,for example, low, medium, and high levels based on 30-minAEGL-2 vapor concentrations.4.3.5 The HPCVD may optionally indicate the vapor con-centration of the chemical(s) present in absolute quanti
35、ties (forexample, ppm or mg/m3).4.4 Response TimeThe HPCVD shall detect and alarmwithin times indicated in Table 1 for 30-min AEGL-2 valuesand may optionally detect and alarm within the times for30-min AEGL-1 values and 30-min AEGL-3 values.4.5 Chemical Detection ClimateFor each of themanufacturer-d
36、ocumented chemical detection capabilities:4.5.1 The HPCVD shall perform within the temperateclimate range listed in Table 2;4.5.2 The HPCVD may perform within the low- or high-temperature climate ranges or both listed in Table 2;4.5.3 The chemical detection capabilities within each cli-mate range sh
37、all be demonstrated by tests at the temperaturesand relative humidities (non-condensing) listed in Table 3;4.5.4 The HPCVD shall perform in atmospheric pressuresfrom 101 kPa (sea level) to 68 kPa; and4.5.5 The manufacturer may extend the range of operation.4.6 Probability of DetectionFor each of the
38、 manufacturer-documented chemical vapors, an HPCVD shall achieve aprobability of detection of at least 85 % under any conditionwithin each of the manufacturer-documented climate range(s)as specified by an 80 % lower confidence bound (see AppendixX2). The probability of detection shall be verified by
39、:4.6.1 Testing a single HPCVD, representative of all theHPCVDs with the same model designation, which shall detectand alarm:4.6.1.1 For nine of nine replicate tests or4.6.1.2 For 17 of 18 replicate tests.4.6.2 The replicate tests shall be performed:4.6.2.1 Using laboratory challenge streams that sha
40、ll consistof the chemical of interest diluted in zero air (see CFR Title 40,Part 72.2).4.6.2.2 With the laboratory challenge streams at the tem-peratures and relative humidities listed in Table 3.4.6.3 The vapor concentration of the chemical of interestshall:4.6.3.1 Be measured by an independent met
41、hod, and4.6.3.2 Have a measured value at the documented AEGLvalue plus the expanded uncertainty of the measured vaporconcentration at the 95 % confidence level. Therefore, thevapor concentration of the laboratory challenge stream shall beset above the AEGL value by an amount equal to the expandedmea
42、surement uncertainty.4.7 False Positive Alarm Characterization:4.7.1 The HPCVD shall not alarm when exposed for 5minutes to:4.7.1.1 Each of the following four background chemicalvapors representing:(1) Exhaust from low-sulfur diesel fuel,(2) Gasoline exhaust,(3) Tobacco smoke, and(4) Aqueous film-fo
43、rming foam.4.7.1.2 Each laboratory challenge stream shall:(1) Consist of one of the specific background chemicalvapors of interest at1%ofthesaturation vapor pressure at23C diluted in zero air;(2) Be at a temperature between 20C and 25C and arelative humidity between 45 % and 55 %; and(3) Not contain
44、 any chemical on the AEGL list at concen-trations greater than the 30-min AEGL-1 vapor concentrationvalue;4.7.2 The manufacturer shall test the HPCVD under com-mon ambient conditions to characterize the false positive alarmrate. This test should include three different ambient conditionswith each te
45、st having a minimum duration of 150 hours. Themanufacturer shall document:4.7.2.1 The test conditions including a description of the testlocation and potential background chemical vapors or sourcesof background chemical vapors or both that could cause a falsepositive alarm;4.7.2.2 The number of hour
46、s operated in the environment;4.7.2.3 The ranges of temperatures, pressures, and relativehumidity values; and4.7.2.4 The indicated chemical, indicated alarm level, num-ber of events, times, and duration of each alarm, if any.4.7.3 The manufacturer may document any additional capa-bility of the HPCVD
47、 to reject common background chemicalvapors by documenting the chemical vapors and concentrationsused in testing for false positive alarms.4.8 Chemical Detector Robustness:4.8.1 The HPCVD shall detect and alarm according to themanufacturer-documented capabilities after exposure to syn-thesized chemi
48、cal vapor mixtures as described in section 4.7.4.8.2 If after exposure to the synthesized chemical vapormixtures, as described in section 4.7, the HPCVD no longerTABLE 1 HPCVD Response Time30-minAEGL ValuesMaximumResponse TimeRequirementAEGL-2 120 s RequiredAEGL-1 15 min OptionalAEGL-3 30 s Optional
49、TABLE 2 HPCVD Chemical Detection Climate RangesClimate RangesTemperature(C)% RelativeHumidityWater VaporContent(g/m3)Low temperature -10 to 5 5 to 100 0.1 to 6.8Temperate 5 to 35 5 to 100 0.3 to 32High temperature 35 to 50 5 to 77 2.0 to 32TABLE 3 HPCVD Testing ConditionsManufacturerDocumentedClimate RangesTemperature(C)% RelativeHumidityWater VaporContent(g/m3)Temperate 7 2 77 25 6 2332 176 62332 786 292Low Temperature -5 2 0High Temperature 45 2 43 3 29 2E2885 133detects and alarms according to the manufacturer-documentedcapabilit
