1、Designation: E 654 96 (Reapproved 2003)Standard Test Method forEffectiveness of Aerosol and Pressurized Spray InsecticidesAgainst Cockroaches1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 654; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the
2、case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the effec-tiveness of aerosol and pressuri
3、zed spray insecticides againstcockroaches.1.2 Test data by this test method may also be adequate tosupport claims for use of the product to control the exposed oraccessible stages of silverfish, ants, centipedes, spiders, andcertain stored product pests.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are
4、to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices
5、and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Terminology2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:2.1.1 aerosolsfor this method, pressurized formulationsgenerally containing 20 % or less of low-volatile ingredients(insecticides, base oils, solvents, etc.) and 8
6、0 % or more ofpropellant (fluorinated hydrocarbons, liquefied petroleumgases, etc.).2.1.2 pressurized spraysfor this method, formulationsgenerally containing more than 20 % low-volatile ingredients(insecticides, base oils, solvents, etc.) and 3 to 80 % propellant(fluorinated hydrocarbons, liquefied
7、petroleum gases, com-pressed gases, etc.).2.1.3 moribundpertaining to any insect that shows signsof life, but is incapable of normal locomotion.3. Significance and Use3.1 This test method provides a satisfactory means ofdetermining the relative efficiency of aerosol formulationswhen applied as direc
8、t sprays to cockroaches. It is not designedto measure the residual action.3.2 As a biological test, it is subject to the variations thataccompany the reactions of living organisms. It should beemployed under the supervision of personnel familiar with thebiological testing of insecticides.3.3 In orde
9、r to measure the effectiveness with reasonabletolerance, the test is run in conjunction with the Official TestAerosol II (OTA II)2as the standard basis of comparison.Another standard that may be used with this test method is theTentative Official Aqueous Pressurized Spray (TOAPS).24. Apparatus4.1 Of
10、fcial Test Aerosol II (OTA II)/Tentative Offcial Aque-ous Pressurized Spray (TOAPS),2to be dispensed from thecontainer in which it is supplied. Ensure that the OTA II/TOAPS dispenser meets the specifications designated on itslabel.4.2 Test Specimen DispenserNo restrictions are made onthe dispenser.
11、However, the test results apply only to theparticular test specimen as dispensed from the particular unitemployed.4.3 CockroachesThe test insects shall be healthy, normal,undeformed last nymphal instars or young males of theGerman cockroach, (Blattella germanica L). Wild cockroachesshall not be used
12、.4.3.1 Recently emerged last nymphal instars (for example,those whose pigmentation is not dark) shall not be used fortesting purposes. It is recommended that the last nymphal-instar stage shall have been attained at least 3 days prior totesting.4.3.2 Any suitable method permitting the production ofl
13、arge numbers of test insects under controlled temperature andhumidity conditions may be employed. The rearing techniquedescribed by Woodbury and Barnhart,3which makes good useof a brood chamber containing adult females from which largenumbers of first instar nymphs may be collected at frequentinterv
14、als, has been successfully used.4.3.3 All test insects shall be reared under uniform condi-tions.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E35 onPesticides and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E35.12 on Insect ControlAgents. It was originally developed by the Chemical
15、 Specialties ManufacturersAssociation.Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1996. Published December 1996. Originallyapproved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 1990 as E 654 90.2Available from the Chemical Specialties Manufacturers Assn. 1001 Connecti-cut Ave. S.W., Washington, DC 20036.3Woodbu
16、ry, E. N., and Barnhart, C. S., “Tests on Crawling Insects,” Soap andSanitary Chemicals, SSCHA, Vol 15, No. 9, 1939.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.4 Rearing Room, of any convenient size, free of strongdrafts and ma
17、intained at a temperature of 80 6 2F (27 6 1C)and a relative humidity of 506 5 %. This room should beseparate from the testing room and should be ventilated tominimize odors.4.5 Test Room, maintained at a temperature of 80 6 2F (276 1C) and a relative humidity of 50 6 5 %, of a convenientsize to per
18、mit the operator to conduct the test efficiently.4.6 Spray Chamber, with walls of solid material, 18 in. (457mm) square, 25 to 30 in. (635 to 762 mm) high, with an opentop and floor.4.6.1 The floor of the chamber shall be covered with12-in.(13-mm) mesh, wire hardware cloth, with suitable guidesfaste
19、ned to permit the centering of the treatment container in adefinite position with respect to the OTA II/ TOAPS nozzle andthe test specimen dispenser. The front wall may be a slidingdoor to permit convenient access to the chamber interior. Anadjustable hinged shelf shall be attached to the outside of
20、 thecenter of the back upper edge of the chamber. A satisfactoryshelf that will permit the OTA II/TOAPS and test specimen tobe held in a standard position is constructed of aluminum sheet,fitted with adjustable guides that permit adjustment for differ-ent dispenser sizes. An adjustable, metal-suppor
21、t rod (casementwindow adjuster) can be used to regulate the shelf angle.Markings may be made on the rod and shelf to permit rapidadjustment for different dispensers. The chamber shall rest ona stand at the proper height for convenient test operation.4.7 Treatment ContainerA 312-in. (89 mm) diameter,
22、open-metal cylinder or other suitable material, 3 in. (76 mm)high, with a 16-mesh screened bottom soldered in place. Metalcups of the proper dimensions with the handles removed andthe bottoms replaced with soldered on wire screen have beenfound satisfactory. The containers shall be free of insectici
23、detraces and shall have the entire inner wall surface oiled,greased, or dusted to prevent the escape of cockroaches and toconfine them to the container floor.4.8 Paper, 5 by-5 in. (127 by 127-mm) squares, unsized,nonglazed, absorbent paper (such as brown kraft or graybogus), beneath each treatment c
24、ontainer during aerosol appli-cation. No specific weight is required, but 60 to 80-lb (27 to36-kg) gray bogus paper has been suitable.4.9 Recovery Dishes may be glass crystallizing dishes (125mm in diameter and 65 mm in height) or other suitablecontainers. Covers of 16-mesh screen may be used during
25、 the48-h holding period after treatment.4.10 Purina Laboratory Chow,4to be fed to the cock-roaches until the time of testing.4.11 Water, to be supplied to the cockroaches until the timeof testing.5. Test Specimen5.1 Prior to use, calibrate the OTA II/TOAPS and the testspecimen at 80 6 2F (27 6 1C) t
26、o determine their spray ratesin grams per second.5.2 Align the dispensers on the adjustable shelf and deter-mine their settings to permit rapid handling during testing.5.3 Run a minimum of ten test groups for the test specimenin conjunction with ten test groups using the OTA II/ TOAPS.Make an equal
27、number of replicates for members of any testseries on a given test day.5.4 The dosages shall be approximately the same through-out a given test series and shall be of such magnitude as toresult in an average of 50 to 75 % of the insects dead andmoribund at 24 h with the OTA II/TOAPS. Consider averag
28、edosages the same if they agree within 0.2 g.5.5 Weigh the test dispensers both before and after thespraying of each test group and record the weight of thematerial used.6. Procedure6.1 Isolate the last instar nymphs in the recovery dishes ingroups of 20 with a suction device, by immobilizing them w
29、ithchilling or with carbon dioxide (CO2) gas or by any othermeans that will permit handling the insects without injury.6.2 Place a square of paper (see 4.8) in the center of thespray chamber floor, using the guides to aid in the placement.Change the paper after each spray application.6.3 Align the t
30、est specimen dispenser so that the aerosolmist will be directed into the open top of the treatmentcontainer. A line may be drawn on the chamber wall anddispenser to assist in the alignment of the dispenser nozzle.6.4 Immediately before spraying, transfer the cockroachesfrom the recovery dish to the
31、treatment container and agitatethe container to distribute the cockroaches evenly over thecontainer floor.6.5 Place the treatment container on top of the insecticidepaper in the center of the spray chamber floor. Use the guidesfor aid in centering the container. The bottom of the treatmentcontainer
32、should now be 24 in. (610 mm) from the dispensernozzle.6.6 Apply the spray. Remove the treatment container fromthe spray chamber 30 s after the start of the spray.6.7 Immediately transfer the insects from the treatmentcontainer to the recovery dish and hold them under rearing-room conditions for a 4
33、8-h observation period. During thistime, do not administer food or water to the cockroaches.6.8 Repeat 6.2-6.7 for the remaining nine groups of the testspecimen series and the ten groups of the OTA series.6.9 At the end of the 48-h holding period, determine thepercentage of insects dead and moribund
34、 (see 3.3).6.10 Use the average percent dead and moribund from thetest specimen compared with that from the OTA II/ TOAPS asthe basis for evaluation of the test specimen.6.11 The test specimen shall meet the standard if its averagepercentage dead and moribund is equal to, greater than, orwithin 10 p
35、ercentage points less than the average percentage ofthe OTA II/TOAPS series. Table 1 shows the results of atypical series of tests.6.12 Results may be taken after a 24-h holding period or atintervals longer than 48 h for critical studies. If this is done, itis recommended that the insects be fed and
36、 watered at the endof the initial 48-h period.4Purina Laboratory Chow available from the Ralston Purina Co., St. Louis, MOor its equivalent, has been bound suitable for the purpose.E 654 96 (2003)26.13 In all cases, destroy all insects that withstand insecti-cide treatment and under no circumstances
37、 return them to theculture stock or employ them in further tests.7. Report7.1 Report the following information:7.1.1 Test specimen used,7.1.2 Date of testing,7.1.3 Type of dispenser used,7.1.4 Dosage administered, and7.1.5 Whether or not the test specimen meets the standard.8. Precision and Bias8.1
38、No statement is made about either the precision or thebias of Test Method E 654 for measuring the effectiveness ofaerosol and pressurized spray and insecticide formulationssince the result merely states whether there is conformance tothe criteria for success specified in the procedure.9. Keywords9.1
39、 aerosol spray insecticides; cockroaches; insecticides;pesticides; pressurized spray insecticidesASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determi
40、nation of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or wi
41、thdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that y
42、our comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (si
43、ngle or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).TABLE 1 Sample Test DataTest DateOTA Specimen AASpecimen BBDosage,gDead andMoribound
44、 at48 h,%Dosage,gDead andMoribound at48 h. %Dosage,gDead andMoribund at 48h, %1 2/15/55 3.1 90 3.3 75 3.2 352 2/15/55 3.2 80 3.8 80 3.1 403 2/15/55 3.2 35 2.0 65 2.9 204 2/22/55 3.3 50 3.2 75 3.2 355 2/22/55 2.7 55 3.3 75 3.1 506 2/22/55 3.0 80 2.9 60 2.8 357 2/22/55 3.0 60 3.1 65 3.3 358 2/22/55 2.9 50 3.0 80 2.9 259 2/22/55 2.9 60 3.1 75 2.9 3510 2/22/55 3.3 35 3.0 70 3.6 50Average 3.06 59.5 3.07 72.0 3.10 36.0AMeets standard.BDoes not meet standard.E 654 96 (2003)3
