ASTM E776-2016 red 7512 Standard Test Method for Determination of Forms of Chlorine in Refuse-Derived Fuel《测定废弃物衍生燃料中氯形态的标准试验方法》.pdf
《ASTM E776-2016 red 7512 Standard Test Method for Determination of Forms of Chlorine in Refuse-Derived Fuel《测定废弃物衍生燃料中氯形态的标准试验方法》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM E776-2016 red 7512 Standard Test Method for Determination of Forms of Chlorine in Refuse-Derived Fuel《测定废弃物衍生燃料中氯形态的标准试验方法》.pdf(8页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: E776 87 (Reapproved 2009)E776 16Standard Test Method forDetermination of Forms of Chlorine in Refuse-Derived Fuel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E776; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision
2、, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the forms of chlorine in refuse-derived fuel-three (RDF): t
3、otal chlorine,water-soluble chloride, and water-insoluble chlorine.1.2 This test method may be applicable to any waste material from which a laboratory analysis sample can be prepared.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
4、 standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. For sp
5、ecific precaution statements see Section 6 and 11.2.1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterE144 Practice for Safe Use of Oxygen Combustion VesselsE180 Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM Methods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Specialt
6、y Chemicals(Withdrawn 2009)3E287 Specification for Laboratory Glass Graduated BuretsE711 Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Refuse-Derived Fuel by the Bomb Calorimeter (Withdrawn 2011)3E829 Practice for Preparing Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) Laboratory Samples for Analysis (Withdrawn 2002)33. Ter
7、minology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 refuse-derived fuelssolid forms of refuse-derived fuels from which appropriate analytical samples may be prepared aredefined as follows in ASTM STP 832:4RDF-1Wastes used as a fuel in as-discarded form with only bulky wastes removed.RDF
8、-2Wastes processed to coarse particle size with or without ferrous metal separation.RDF-3Combustible waste fraction processed to particle sizes, 95 % passing 2-in. square screening.RDF-4Combustible waste fraction processed into powder form, 95 % passing 10-mesh screening.RDF-5Combustible waste fract
9、ion densified (compressed) into the form of pellets, slugs, cubettes, or briquettes.3.1.2 total chlorineall chlorine as determined in the refuse-derived fuel.3.1.3 water-insoluble chlorinewater-insoluble chlorides and chlorine in the refuse-derived fuel.3.1.4 water-soluble chloridethose chlorides wh
10、ich are water-solubilized by water extraction as determined in the refuse-derived fuel.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The forms of chloride and chlorine are determined. The various procedures in the method convert the forms of chlorine intoa water-soluble chloride form that can be quantitated by titra
11、tion.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on Treatment,Recovery and Reuse.Current edition approved July 1, 2009Feb. 1, 2016. Published August 2009February 2016. Originally approved in 1981. Last
12、 previous edition approved in 2004 asE 776 87 (2004).2009 as E776 87 (2009). DOI: 10.1520/E0776-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Docu
13、ment Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.4 Thesaurus on Resource Recovery Terminology, ASTM STP 832, ASTM, 1983, p. 72.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard
14、 an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is
15、 to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.1.1 Total ChlorineThe sample is combusted in an oxygen atmosphere. The chlorine is converted to chloride and absorbedin an alkaline solution.4.1
16、.2 Water-Soluble ChloridesA portion of the analysis sample is successively extracted with hot chloride-free water.4.1.3 Water-Insoluble ChlorineWater-insoluble chlorine is calculated from the results of the total chlorine and thewater-soluble chloride determination where:water2insoluble chlorine5tot
17、al chlorine2water2soluble chlorides (1)4.2 The chlorides contained in the alkaline solution (4.1.1) and the extraction solution (4.1.2) are determined by potentiometric(see Section 13) or modified Volhard titration (see Section 14).5. Significance and Use5.1 The standard is available to producers an
18、d users of RDF for determining the content and forms of chlorine present in thefuel.6. Precautions6.1 Due to the origins of RDF in municipal waste, common sense dictates that some precautions should be observed whenconducting tests on the samples. Recommended hygienicsafety practices include use of
19、gloves when handling RDF; wearing dustmasks (NIOSH-approved type), especially while milling RDF samples; conducting tests under negative pressure hood whenpossible; and washing hands upon completion of activity and before eating or smoking.7. Interferences7.1 Potentiometric Titration Method A:7.1.1
20、Iodide and bromide are also titrated interferences that will titrate as chloride. Ferricyanide causes high biased results andmust be removed. Chromate and dichromate interfere and should be reduced to the chromic state or be removed. Ferric ironinterferes if present in an amount substantially higher
21、 than the amount of chloride. Chromic ions, ferrous ions, and phosphates donot interfere.7.1.2 Grossly contaminated sample solutions usually require pretreatment. Where contamination is minor, some contaminantscan be destroyed simply by the addition of nitric acid.7.2 Volhard Titration Method B:7.2.
22、1 Compounds that have a strong oxidizing action interfere by reacting with thiocyanate. These compounds should bereduced beforehand by treatment with ferrous sulfate or a similar reducing agent.7.2.2 Salts of mercury and palladium interfere by reacting with thiocyanate. They may be removed by precip
23、itation withhydrogen sulfide before the addition of silver nitrate. The excess of sulfide is easily removed by gently boiling the acid solutionfor a few minutes. Sulfite can be eliminated in the same way.FIG. 1 Graph From a Potentiometric Titration of ChlorideE776 1627.2.3 Cyanide is also precipitat
24、ed by silver nitrate. It is usually determined separately by the Liebig-Deniges method and acorrection is applied to the results of the Volhard titration.57.2.4 The Volhard method, as with the potentiometric method, directly applied to a mixture of halides can determine only totalhalide content excl
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