1、Designation: D 4637 04Standard Specification forEPDM Sheet Used In Single-Ply Roof Membrane1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4637; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A nu
2、mber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers flexible sheet made fromethyl
3、ene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM) intended for usein single-ply roofing membranes exposed to the weather. Thetests and property limits used to characterize the sheet arevalues to ensure minimum quality for the intended use. Thesheet may be non-reinforced, fabric- or scrim-reinforced, orfabric-ba
4、cked vulcanized rubber sheet.1.2 In-place roof system design criteria, such as fire resis-tance, field seaming strength, material compatibility, and upliftresistance, among others, are factors that must be consideredbut are beyond the scope of this specification.1.3 The values stated in SI units are
5、 to be regarded as thestandard. The values stated in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, opera-tions, and equipment. This standard does not purport toaddress all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with itsuse. It is the responsibility of the
6、 user of this standard toestablish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermo-plastic ElastomersTensionD 413 Test Methods for Rubber Pro
7、pertyAdhesion toFlexible SubstrateD 471 Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD 518 Test Method for Rubber DeteriorationSurfaceCrackingD 573 Test Method for RubberDeterioration in an AirOvenD 624 Test Method for Tear Strength of ConventionalVulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic ElastomersD 7
8、51 Test Methods for Coated FabricsD 816 Test Methods for Rubber CementsD 1149 Test Method for Rubber DeteriorationSurfaceOzone Cracking in a ChamberD 1204 Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes ofNonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at ElevatedTemperatureD 2137 Test Methods for Rubber Propert
9、yBrittlenessPoint of Flexible Polymers and Coated FabricsD 5602 Test Method for Static Puncture Resistance ofRoofing Membrane SpecimensD 5635 Test Method for Dynamic Puncture Resistance ofRoofing Membrane SpecimensG 151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Ac-celerated Test Devices that Us
10、e Laboratory Light SourcesG 155 Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatusfor Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials3. Classification3.1 Types describe the sheet construction:3.1.1 Type INon-reinforced.3.1.2 Type IIScrim (or fabric) internally reinforced.3.1.3 Type IIIFabric backed.4. Materials an
11、d Manufacture4.1 The sheet shall be formulated from EPDM polymers andother compounding ingredients. EPDM shall be the principalpolymer used in the sheet and shall be greater than 95 % of thetotal polymer content.4.2 To make seams and repairs, the sheet shall be capable ofbeing bonded watertight to i
12、tself and the supplier or fabricatorshall recommend suitable methods.5. Physical Properties and Tolerances5.1 The sheet shall conform to the physical requirementsprescribed in Table 1.5.2 The tolerance for time conditions (aging, weathering,and so forth) is 615 min or 61 % of the period; whichever i
13、sgreater, unless otherwise specified.5.3 Tolerances for temperature shall be 62C (64F).1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 onRoofing and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.18on Nonbituminous Organic Roof Coverings.Current edition approv
14、ed Aug. 1, 2004. Published August 2004. Originallyapproved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 4637 03.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer
15、 to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6. Dimensions6.1 The width and length of the sheet shall be agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the supplier.6.1.1 The width
16、and length tolerance shall be +3 %, 0 %.6.2 The thickness tolerance shall be +15 %, 10 % of thethickness agreed upon between the purchaser and supplier, butin no case shall the thickness be less than the minimum listedin Table 1.7. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance7.1 The sheet, including the full
17、 width of factory seams ifpresent, shall be fully adhered, watertight, and visibly free ofpinholes, particles of foreign matter, undispersed raw material,or other manufacturing defects that might affect serviceability.If the number of irregularities in the form of pockmarks (seeNote 1) appear excess
18、ive on the sheet (or portion thereof), thenits rejection shall be negotiated between involved parties.7.2 Edges of the sheets shall be straight and flat so that theymay be seamed to one another without fishmouthing.NOTE 1Pockmarks are oblong depressions, cavities, or craters on thesurface of the she
19、et that have an approximate surface dimension of 3.2 by1.6 mm (18 by116 in.), and have a maximum depth approaching one halfof the sheet thickness.8. Test Methods8.1 DimensionsTest Methods D 751, after permitting thesheet to relax at 23 6 2C (73.4 6 4F) for 1 h 6 15 min.8.2 Thickness, Sheet OverallFr
20、om across the full width ofthe unbuffed sheet, take three samples, 300 by 300 mm (1 by1 ft). Measure the thickness of each corner. On fabric backed(Type III) the coating thickness can be measured after cuttingor buffing fabric from the rubber. Refer to Test Method D 412for Type I sheet and Test Meth
21、od D 751 for Type II and TypeIII sheet.8.3 Thickness of Coating Over Scrim (ReinforcingFabric)Optical Method, see Annex A1.8.4 Breaking StrengthTest Methods D 751, Grab Method.8.5 Tensile StrengthTest Methods D 412, Die C.8.6 Dynamic Puncture ResistanceTest Method D 5635, atan energy of 5 J min at 2
22、3 6 2C (73.4 6 4F) for Type I andan energy of 10 J min for Type II.8.7 Static Puncture ResistanceTest Method D 5602, at aload of 20 kg (44.1 lbf) min for Type I and a load of 25 kg (55.1lbf) min for Type II at 23 6 2C (73.4 6 4F).8.8 Elongation, UltimateTest Methods D 412, Die C.8.9 Elongation at Fa
23、bric Break, UltimateTest MethodD 751, Grab Method, 50 mm (2 in.) per minute jaw separationrate.8.10 Tensile SetTest Methods D 412, Method A, Die C,50 % elongation.8.11 Tear ResistanceTest Method D 624, Die C.8.12 Tearing StrengthTest Methods D 751, B-TongueTear.8.13 Brittleness PointTest Methods D 2
24、137.8.14 Ozone ResistanceTest Method D 1149. Inspect at73 magnification on specimens exposed to 100 mPa (1 3 105psi) ozone in air at 40 6 2C (104 6 4F). Elongate Type Ispecimens 50 % for 166 6 1.66 h exposure. Type II and TypeIII specimens must be wrapped around a 75 mm (3 in.)diameter mandrel for 1
25、66 6 1.66 h exposure. The requiredspecimen width is 25 mm (1 in.).TABLE 1 Physical Requirements for EPDM SheetType I II IIIThickness, min, mm (in.):Sheet-overall 1.016 (0.040) 1.016 (0.040) .Coating over scrim or fabric . 0.38 (0.015) 0.76 (0.030)Breaking strength, min, N (lbf) . 400 (90) 400 (90)Te
26、nsile strength, min, MPa (psi) 9.0 (1305) . .Dynamic Puncture Resistance, Type I at 5 J, Type II at at 10 J pass passStatic Puncture Resistance, Type I at 20 kg (44.1 lbf), Type II at25 kg (55.1 lbf)pass passElongation, ultimate, min,% 300 250A300AElongation fabric break, ultimate, min, %Machine dir
27、ectionCross direction1515Tensile set, max, % 10 . .Tear resistance, min, kN/m (lbf/in.) 26.27 (150) . .Tearing strength, min, N (lbf) . 45 (10) 45 (10)Brittleness point, max, C (F) 45 (49) 45 (49) 45 (49)Ozone resistance, no cracks pass pass passHeat aging:Breaking strength, min, N (lbf) . 356 (80)
28、356 (80)Tensile strength, min, MPa (psi) 8.3 (1205) . .Elongation, ultimate, min,% 200 200A200ATear resistance, min, kN/m (lbf/in.) 21.9 (125) . .Linear dimensional change, max, % 61 61 61Water absorption, max, mass % + 8, 2 + 8, 2A68,2AFactory seam strength, min, kN/m (lbf/in.) 8.8 (50) or sheet fa
29、ilureWeather resistance:Visual inspection pass pass passPRFSE, min, % 30 . .Elongation, ultimate, min, % 200 . .Fabric adhesion, min, N/m (lbf/in.) . . 525 (3)ASpecimens to be prepared from coating rubber compound, vulcanized in a similar method to the reinforced products.D46370428.15 Heat AgingTest
30、 Method D 573. Age black sheet at116 6 2C (240 6 4F) for 670 6 6.7 h and non-black sheetfor 166 6 1.66 h. Specimens are then cut from the aged sheetfor testing of tensile strength, elongation, and so forth.8.16 Linear Dimensional ChangeTest Method D 1204.8.17 Water AbsorptionTest Method D 471, at 70
31、 6 2C(158 6 4F) for 166 6 1.66 h.8.18 Factory Seam StrengthMethods D 816, Method B.Modify procedure by cutting a 25-mm (1-in.) wide by 300-mm(12-in.) long sample across the lap seam. Place in jawsapproximately 50 mm (2 in.) from edges of the overlap areaand test at 50 mm (2 in.)/min.8.19 Fabric Adhe
32、sionTest Method D 413. Perform test onstrip specimen-Type A, using 180 peel.8.20 Weather ResistanceAccelerated weathering testsshall be performed in accordance with Practices G 151 andG 155. These tests are performed on the intact sheet with theweathering side facing the lamps. Mount specimens for e
33、xpo-sure under no strain. After exposure the specimens shall beremoved and inspected immediately for cracks and crazing at10 % strain in the bent loop configuration in accordance withTest Method D 518 under 73 magnification. A specimen israted “pass” if no cracks or crazing are observed. In addition
34、,for Type I sheet, determine tensile strength and ultimateelongation after weather exposure. Calculate the specimenpercent retained fractional strain energy (PRFSE):PRFSE 5Tensile Strength 3 Elongation! agedTensile Strength 3 Elongation! original3 1008.21 Weather ResistancePractices G 151 and G 155X
35、enon-Arc shall be operated in accordance with the followingconditions:Filter type: Daylight filterIrradiance: 0.35 to 0.70 W/(m2.nm) at 340 nm(42 to 84 W/(m2.nm) at 300 to 400 nm)Cycle: 690 min 6 15 min light, 30 min lightplus water sprayUninsulated black panel temp: 80 6 2C (176 6 4F)Relative humid
36、ity: 50 6 5%Spray water: DeionizedSpecimen rotation(if required):Every 315 KJ/(m2.nm) at 340 nm(37.8 MJ/(m2.nm) at 300 to 400 nm)Exposure duration: White-2520 KJ/(m2.nm) at 340 nm(302.4 MJ/(m2.nm) at 300 to 400 nm)Black-5040 KJ/(m2.nm) at 340 nm(604.8 MJ/(m2.nm) at 300 to 400 nm)9. Inspection and Sp
37、ecial Testing9.1 The manufacturer shall inspect and test production toensure compliance of the product with this specification.10. Rejection and Resubmittal10.1 Failure to conform to any one of the requirementsprescribed in this specification shall constitute grounds forrejection. Rejection shall be
38、 reported to the producer orsupplier promptly and in writing. The seller shall have the rightto reinspect the rejected shipment and resubmit the lot afterremoval of those packages not conforming to the specifiedrequirements.11. Product Marking11.1 The sheet shall be identified on the side intended t
39、o beexposed to the weather with this ASTM designation number(Specification D 4637) and ASTM type, the name of themanufacturer or supplier, or the generic sheet type. The typeand size of the identification is at the manufacturers option.Such identification shall occur at intervals not to exceed 4 m(1
40、3 ft) in the long direction of the sheet and not be located nearan intended seam area. The identification shall be applied insuch a manner as to be legible at least five years frominstallation. Identification shall not be required when so speci-fied by the purchaser.12. Packaging and Package Marking
41、12.1 The material shall be rolled on a substantial core andpackaged in a standard commercial manner, unless otherwisespecified in the contract or order.12.2 Shipping containers shall be marked with the name ofthe material, the stock and lot numbers, the ASTM designationnumber and type, the size and
42、quantity as defined by thecontract or order under which shipment is made and the nameof the manufacturer or supplier.13. Keywords13.1 EPDM; roofing; rubber sheet; single-ply membrane;vulcanized rubberD4637043ANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. OPTICAL METHOD FOR MEASUREMENT OF THICKNESS OF COATING OVER
43、SCRIM (REINFORCING FABRIC)FOR TYPE II SHEETA1.1 ScopeThis is a method for measuring the thicknessof the coating over the reinforcing fabric.A1.2 Measurement Method PrincipleThe thickness ofcoating material over reinforcing fabric can be observed with astandard reflectance microscope. Measurement is
44、made with acalibrated eyepiece.A1.3 Apparatus:A1.3.1 Microscope,603 with reticle.A1.3.2 Light SourceIf light source on the microscope isnot adequate, a small tensor lamp can also be used.A1.3.3 Stage Micrometer, 0.0254-mm (0.001-in.) divisions.A1.4 Procedure:A1.4.1 Calibration:A1.4.1.1 Place a stand
45、ard reflectance stage micrometer inplace of the specimen.A1.4.1.2 Turn on microscope light source.A1.4.1.3 Position the reticle eyepiece and the micrometersuch that the scales are superimposed. Focus the reticle byturning the eyepiece. Focus the specimen and reticle by turningthe vertical adjustment
46、 knob.A1.4.1.4 Locate a point at which both scales line up. Countthe number of micrometer divisions away. Measure to thenearest 0.0125 mm (0.5 mil). The calibration may be optimizedin increasing the number of divisions measured.A1.4.1.5 Repeat the calibration three times and average theresults.A1.4.
47、2 Specimen Analysis:A1.4.2.1 Carefully center a sharp single edge razor orequivalent over the fiber intersections along thexxline.A1.4.2.2 Make a clean bias cut completely through the liner.A1.4.2.3 Remove the razor cut section and mount in com-mon putty with the cut surface facing upward.A1.4.2.4 O
48、bserve the cut surface with the eyepiece reticle.Measure the thickness of the coating on either side of thethread intersection by counting the number of reticle divisions(to the nearest one-half division).A1.4.2.5 Sample two or three areas of the coatings andaverage the results.A1.5 Calculation:A1.5
49、.1 Calibration:A1.5.1.1 A calibration example follows:In this example, 4.5 micrometer divisions (MD) are equal to4 reticle divisions (RD).4 RD!54.5 MD! (A1.1)1 RD!54.5/4 MD! (A1.2)1 RD!51.125 MD! (A1.3)One micrometer division is equal to 0.0254 mm (1 mil),therefore:1RD5 0.0286 mm 1.125 mils ! (A1.4)This calculated value (0.0286 mm (1.125 mils) in thesample) is the calibration factor.A1.5.2 SpecimensMultiply the number of reticle divi-sions by the calibration factor. Report results to the nearest0.0127
