1、Designation: E923 97 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Specification forGlass Westergren Tube, Reusable1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E923; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification describes requirements for a tube thatmeasures the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). ESR is thesuspension stabil
3、ity of red cells in diluted, anti-coagulatedhuman blood.1.1.1 The use of the term “rate” is, strictly speaking, notcorrect. The test measures the amount of settling of red cellsafter a specified time.1.2 The tubes are used together with a special rack to ensurethey remain in a vertical position duri
4、ng the test.1.3 This specification includes many dimensional require-ments that are, for the most part, in agreement with the BritishStandards Institution, German Standards Institute, Interna-tional Committee for Standardization in Haematology, and theNational Committee for Clinical Laboratory Stand
5、ards publi-cations on Westergren tubes. The clinical procedure using thetube described in this specification is known as the “Wester-gren Method.”1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not pur
6、port to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E4
7、38 Specification for Glasses in Laboratory ApparatusE920 Specification for Commercially Packaged LaboratoryApparatusE921 Specification for Export Packaged Laboratory Appa-ratusE1133 Practice for Performance Testing of Packaged Labo-ratory Apparatus for United States Government Procure-mentsE1157 Spe
8、cification for Sampling and Testing of ReusableLaboratory Glassware3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 reusablecapable of being used again.3.1.2 tubethe word “tube” rather than “pipet” is used todescribe this instrument. The word “pipet” should be reservedfor volum
9、e-measuring instruments thus designated. A tubeused for measurements of blood sedimentation rate is not avolume measuring instrument. In this connection, misunder-standing can occur when a Westergren “tube” is described as a“pipet.”3.1.3 WestergrenThe surname of the individual respon-sible for the d
10、esign of the Westergren tube and the method ofuse.4. Classification4.1 This specification covers a tube that is intended to beused until it is no longer considered functional for the purposeintended. The specification is specifically written for a reusableitem and is not to be confused with a dispos
11、able tube that isdescribed in other published standards.5. Materials5.1 The tubes made to this specification shall be fabricatedfrom borosilicate glass, Type I, Class B; or soda lime glass,Type II, in accordance with Specification E438.6. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations6.1 DesignThe Wes
12、tergren tube shall be made of thick-walled glass tubing. It shall be of one-piece construction,straight and with uniform bore. The ends of the tube shall beground flat, perpendicular to the tube axis and beveled asspecified in Fig. 1.6.2 DimensionsThe tube shall be made of tubing with anoutside diam
13、eter (OD) of 6.5 6 0.5 mm with an insidediameter (ID) of 2.55 mm 6 0.15 mm. The uniformity of the1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E41 onLaboratory Apparatus and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E41.01 onApparatusCurrent edition approved Nov. 1, 2013. Publis
14、hed December 2013. Originallyapproved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E923 97 (2008).DOI: 10.1520/E0923-97R13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume informati
15、on, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1bore shall be 6 0.1 mm throughout the tube. The tube shall be3006 1 mm long and ground and beveled at each end. The tu
16、beshall have an inscribed graduated scale extending over thelower 200 6 0.35 mm of the tube. The tube should containapproximately 1 mL of blood when filled and adjusted to the200 mm line. The word “Westergren” must be inscribed on thetop portion of the tube together with the makers or vendorsname or
17、 mark.6.3 Graduation LinesThe graduation lines shall be ofuniform thickness with a maximum thickness of 0.25 mm foretched and filled lines and 0.4 mm for amber stain lines that arefired into the glass tube. They shall lie in planes at right anglesto the axis of the tube and with a maximum tolerance
18、betweentwo adjacent markings of 0.2 mm. Maximum tolerance for thetotal 200 mm scale shall not exceed 0.35 mm.6.4 Graduation Line NumberingThe tube shall be gradu-ated in millimetres with a scale of 200 mm from the tip of thetube. The scale shall be numbered every ten or twentygraduation lines starti
19、ng with a numerical zero (0) and down-ward to a maximum value of 190 mm. The numerical markingsshall appear at the right side of the graduated scale when heldvertically with the scale facing the viewer.6.5 Length of Graduation LinesThe top graduation lineand every other tenth- or twentieth-numbered
20、line shallencircle, or near encircle the tube or be a minimum of 6 mmlong. The medium (every fifth) line shall be a minimum of 4mm long. The short (intermediate) lines shall be a minimum of2.5 mm long.6.6 Marking PermanencyInscriptions, graduation lines,and numerals shall be either etched and filled
21、 with a permanentpigment, or an amber stain fired into the glass tube. The colordepth of the markings on the tube shall be adequate to permitroutine functional use of the tube without creating a difficultyin setting a meniscus or reading the separation of blood cellsfrom plasma. The permanency of th
22、e markings shall meet therequirements of the test described in 7.1.6.7 Grinding BevelThe grinding bevel at the Westergrentube tip has an allowance of 2 to 8 mm in length. To minimizethe incidence of chipping, it is recommended the minimumwall thickness at the orifice of 0.5 mm be applicable for agri
23、nding bevel length of 2 to 5 mm and a minimum of 0.7 mmwall thickness at the orifice for a grinding bevel of 5 to 8 mm.7. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance7.1 WorkmanshipThe tube shall be as free as possiblefrom visible defects that would detract from its appearance orimpair its serviceability whe
24、n viewed by the human eye undernormal room lighting. The tube shall be free of ring strain andif present, any longitudinal strain shall be faint and highlydiffused.8. Test Method8.1 Pigmentation and Amber Stain TestFreshly prepare achromic acid cleaning solution by combining 200 g of sodiumdichromat
25、e (Na2Cr2O72H2O), 1000 mL of distilled water,and 1500 mL of sulfuric acid (H2SO4, ACS Reagent 95 to98 %). Immerse the tube in the chromic acid solution. Let standat room temperature (20 to 25 C) for 15 min. Remove the tubefrom the solution and thoroughly rinse in distilled water. Drythe tube by rubb
26、ing vigorously, 5 to 10 strokes, with alaboratory cloth or tissue. The appearance of the markingsshould be the same as before the test, when judged by the eyeunder normal room lighting.8.2 For additional sampling and testing data, see Specifica-tion E1157.FIG. 1 Westergren TubeE923 97 (2013)29. Pack
27、aging9.1 For packaging, select from either Specification E920,E921, or Practice E1133.10. Keywords10.1 blood; glass; reusable; sedimentation rate; westergrenASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standar
28、d. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed
29、 every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible t
30、echnical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Consho
31、hocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).E923 97 (2013)3
