1、Designation: F 1543 96 (Reapproved 2002)e1An American National StandardStandard Specification forShock Attenuation Properties of Fencing Surfaces1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1543; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in
2、 the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTESection 5.3 was editorially updated in January 2003.1. Scope1.1 This specification cover
3、s shock absorption properties offencing surfaces as measured by a drop test. The minimumperformance standard for shock absorption is defined. Guide-lines for other features and properties of fencing surfaces aredescribed.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.3 This sp
4、ecification does not purport to address all thesafety concerns, if any, associated with fencing surfaces andwill not prevent all surface-related injuries. It is the responsi-bility of the user of the surfaces to establish appropriate safetyand health practices, including, but not limited to, foot mo
5、ve-ment, footwear (shoes), and training practices. Specific pre-cautionary statements are given in 5.3.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 105 Practice for Probability Sampling Of Materials3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 acceleration (deceleration)the
6、instantaneous timerate of change of velocity. This is either positive (acceleration)or negative (deceleration).3.1.2 fencing surfacethe area for performing fencingbouts, competitions, or any other fencing exercises. A fencingsurface, usually referred to as the fencing strip or piste, isdefined in th
7、e U.S. FencingAssociations (USFAs) rule book.3It measures 1.8 to 2.0 m wide by 14 m long, often with addedwidth and length for run-off, that at the ends should be 1.5 to2 m. The fencing surface may be an area outlined by tape orpaint on an existing surface or it may be a separate strip thatcan be pl
8、aced on an existing surface, such as a rubber runner ora metallically-conducting mesh or sheet on a gym floor. Thisspecification includes composite arrangements in which, forexample, a grounded metallic strip is placed on top of a rubberstrip or other shock-absorbing layer, which, in turn, is placed
9、on a permanent floor.3.1.3 gthe acceleration of matter due to gravity at thesurface of the earth.3.1.4 Gthe ratio of the magnitude of missile decelerationduring impact to the acceleration of gravity, g. Hence, G valuesare dimensionless.3.1.5 Gmaxthe maximum value of G encountered duringimpact.3.1.6
10、Gmax(av)the arithmetic average of the set of Gmax-values measured as stipulated in Section 5.3.1.7 shock attenuationthe deceleration of an object uponimpact on a surface or other object, measured in units of g.3.1.8 stripthe fencing surface, defined in 3.1.2, above, isnormally referred to as the str
11、ip (piste), in fencing.4. Classification4.1 Types:4.1.1 Type IConcrete,4.1.2 Type IICovered concrete (for example, with lino-leum tiles, or rubber runners),4.1.3 Type IIIHardwood on concrete,4.1.4 Type IVPlywood on concrete,4.1.5 Type VHardwood on floor joists,4.1.6 Type VIPlywood on hardwood,4.1.7
12、Type VIIRaised plywood,4.1.8 Type VIIIOther surfaces such as synthetic gymfloors or recycled rubber composite,4.1.9 Type IXRubber runners (strips) on various flooringtypes, except concrete, and4.1.10 Type XCopper or steel fencing strips on variousflooring types, except concrete.5. Performance Requir
13、ements and Test Method5.1 Shock AttenuationFencing surfaces consisting of con-crete alone, or concrete covered with conventional tile, or withsheet floor covering, or with thin vinyl, or rubber runners do1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment and Facil
14、ities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.52 onMiscellaneous Playing Surfaces.Current edition approved Feb. 10, 1996. Published May 1996. Originallypublished as F 1543 94. Last previous edition F 1543 95.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact
15、 ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Fencing Rules, 1991 Edition, United States Fencing Association, Inc., OneOlympic Plaza, Colorado Springs, CO 80909-5774.1Copyright ASTM Int
16、ernational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.not provide adequate shock absorption (Floor Types I throughIV). To comply with this specification such surfaces shall notbe used for the sport of fencing. It is not recommended thatshock attenuation is e
17、nhanced by placing a rug under a metallicor rubber strip. While this reduces the G value, the shoedepresses the surface and creates a ridge around the shoe,causing increased risk of tripping.5.1.1 Quantitatively, it is specified herein that the peakdeceleration of fencing surfaces must average 800 o
18、r less (thatis, a Gmax(av) of 800 or less), measured by a portable drop testmethod described as follows:5.1.1.1 Acylindrically-shaped solid steel missile, measuring5.0 6 0.02 cm diameter at the flat impact surface and havinga roundness or bevel of 0.05 to 0.1 cm on the edge, is droppedfrom a height
19、of 45.7 6 0.3 cm vertically. The weight of themissile assembly (including sensors and handle) shall be 2.256 0.05 kg. A schematic of the test method4is shown in Fig. 1.NOTE 1This test method is based on a commercially available impacttester5developed by Clegg.65.1.1.2 The bandwidth of the accelerati
20、on measuring instru-mentation must be sufficient to give good resolution of the peakdeceleration (Gmax). Commercially-available instruments5have a bandwidth of 7 kHz, that is adequate.5.1.1.3 Determine peak deceleration for one impact at eachof the following seven locations: five locations across th
21、elength of the strip and for one location at each edge at thecenter line of the strip, as indicated in Fig. 2. Perform one droptest per location. Report the average of all seven peak values asGmax(av).5.1.1.4 The average of the seven test values, Gmax(av),should be less than 800. No single G measure
22、ment shouldexceed 900.NOTE 2Typical Gmaxvalues using this test procedure encountered forconcrete (Types I through IV) range from 1300 to 1500; hardwood onfloor joists (Type V) range from 300 to 700 (placing rubber runners ormetallic strips directly on hardwood floors, Types IX and X, causes amuch sm
23、aller variation in test values than are caused by measuringdirectly above a joist as compared with between joists on the same floor);and copper or steel strips on raised plywood (Type VII) range from 150 to400. A test of two recycled rubber composite floor specimens placed on ahardwood floor measure
24、d 85 to 115 (an example of Type VIII).NOTE 3Practice E 105 is applicable if more detailed testing is desired,but for the accuracy and precision required for this specification, a simpleaverage of these seven measurements is sufficient.5.2 StabilityAll components of single or composite sur-faces laid
25、 on a gym floor or other surface should be adequatelysecured to eliminate horizontal movement during fencing. Astrip made of sections, such as a raised strip on plywood,should be laid down so as to have the sections meet the samehorizontal plane everywhere, so that the seams are completelyflat.5.3 S
26、hoe-to-Surface InterfaceThe utmost care should betaken to eliminate any area with inadequate traction due towear, moisture, or other surface feature that reduces the normalsurface traction property. (WarningThis specification doesnot address quantitatively the performance standard of fencingsurfaces
27、 for traction. However, surfaces should be tested forthe feel of traction while wearing fencing shoes and lunging onvarious places of the strip before fencing. Any slippery surfaceshould be made to have acceptable traction before fencing bysweeping, drying, sanding, or turning (for metal) surfaces s
28、o asto eliminate the slippery section.) (WarningThis shockattenuation specification does not serve as a quantitativestandard for traction of fencing surfaces.)4Rogers III, J. N., and Waddington, D. V., “Portable Apparatus for AssessingImpact Characteristics for Athletic Field Surfaces,” Natural and
29、Artificial PlayingFields: Characteristics and Safety Features, ASTM STP 1073, ASTM, WestConshohocken, PA, 1990, pp. 96110.5Lafeyette Instrument Co., P.O. Box 5729, 3700 Sagamore Parkway North,Lafayette, IN 47903, USA; Controls SpA, 6/8, via Aosta, 20063 Cernusco, S/N(MI), Italy; T. A. Brown Electron
30、ics, 14 Robin Street, Mt. Lawley 6050, WesternAustralia, Australia; and Trevor Deakin Consultants Ltd., Ascot Court, White HorseBusiness Park, Trowbridge, Wiltshire BA14 OXA, United Kingdom.6Clegg, B., “An Impact Testing Device for In-Situ Base Course Evaluation,”Australia Road Research Bureau Proce
31、edings 8, 1976, pp. 15.NOTE 1Vertical projection of a schematic representation of the droptest is the basis of this performance specification. Whether a simple flooror a layer or strip placed over a floor, the distance from the startingposition of the bottom of the missile to the top of the layer or
32、 strip, onwhich the fencing exercise is to occur, should measure 45.7 6 0.3 cm. Themissile is guided by a vertical cylindrical guide tube.FIG. 1 Vertical Projection of a Schematic Representation of theDrop TestC = Center lineR = Rear limit lineG = On guard linesE = End of strip extensionsS = Start o
33、f 2-m signalareaNOTE 1Regulation fencing strip, as given in the 1991 USFA Rules3.Dimensions are given in metres. The locations on the strip to be tested areindicated with an X.FIG. 2 Regulation Fencing StripF 1543 96 (2002)e126. Keywords6.1 Clegg tester; fencing strip; fencing surface; impacttesting
34、; shock attenuationASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement
35、of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for
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37、to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F 1543 96 (2002)e13
