1、Designation: F 1668 96 (Reapproved 2002)An American National StandardStandard Guide forConstruction Procedures for Buried Plastic Pipe1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1668; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case o
2、f revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide describes installation techniques and consid-erations for open-cut construction of
3、 buried pipe.Although thisguide was developed for plastic pipe, the concepts of providingthe appropriate soil support, care in handling, correct joiningtechniques, proper soil compaction methods, and prevention ofinstallation damage may apply to any pipe.1.1.1 Plastic pipe refers to thermoplastic an
4、d fiberglass pipe.1.1.2 Thermoplastic pipe refers to pipe fabricated frompolyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE), acrylonitrile-butadiene styrene (ABS), polybutylene (PB), or polypropylene(PP). A list of ASTM specifications for these products is givenin Appendix X2.1.1.3 Fiberglass pipe refers t
5、o a glass-fiber-reinforcedthermosetting-resin pipe. A list of ASTM specifications forthese products is given in Appendix X2.NOTE 1Appendix X2 cannot be considered inclusive because theremay be unlisted, recently adopted ASTM specifications for new productsthat may be installed using this guide.NOTE
6、2Only a few of theASTM specifications listed inAppendix X2include the associated fittings. While this guide applies to the installationof pipe, couplings, and fittings, no attempt was made to list all the possiblefitting specifications that may be used in conjunction with the pipespecifications. Con
7、sult each specification or manufacturer for appropriatefitting standards.1.1.4 For simplification, the term pipe will be used in thisdocument to mean pipe sections, fittings, and couplings.1.2 This guide contains general construction informationapplicable for plastic pipe and supplements the install
8、ationstandards for the various types of pipe as described in PracticesD 2321, D 2774, D 3839, F 690, F 1176, and Guide F 645.1.3 Flexible pipe, such as thermoplastic and fiberglass, aretypically designed to rely on the stiffness of the soil surround-ing the pipe for support. The contract documents s
9、houlddescribe the requirements of an appropriate soil supportsystem. The construction practices described in this guide canbe instrumental in attaining the required soil stiffness.1.3.1 A discussion of the interaction between a buried pipeand the surrounding soil and the importance of attaining prop
10、ersoil support is in Appendix X1.1.3.2 Following these guidelines will be helpful in prevent-ing local deformations in the pipe.1.4 This guide does not cover underwater installation, pipethat needs to be supported on piling, perforated pipe used fordrainage, or gas pipelines.1.5 Pipelines through ar
11、eas described as “expansive soils,”“collapsing soils,” landfills or water-logged land (such asswamps) should be constructed using site-specific installationprocedures and are not discussed in this guide.1.6 This guide is not intended to cover all situations.Specific pipe characteristics, fluid trans
12、ported, local site con-ditions, environmental concerns, or manufacturers recommen-dations may require different guidelines.1.7 The construction practices presented in this guide maybe affected by the installation requirements of owners, speci-fying organizations, or regulatory agencies for pipelines
13、 cross-ing roads and highways, other pipelines or cables, or water-ways such as streams, drainage channels, or floodways.1.8 Culverts or pipe that are used as passages through waterretaining embankments (for example, earth dams) may beconstructed using the principles of this guide, if appropriatepro
14、visions are made to prevent water movement along theoutside of the pipe (using impervious soils, cutoff collars, headwalls, etc.).1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are given forinformation only.NOTE 3There is no similar or equiva
15、lent ISO standard covering theprimary subject matter of this guide.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the a
16、pplica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic PipingSystems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.61 on Water.Current edition approved Sept. 10, 1996. Published November 1996. Originallypublished as F 1668 9
17、5. Last previous edition F 1668 95.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D8 Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pave-mentsD 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and
18、ContainedFluidsD 883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating toPlasticsD 4914 Test Methods for Density of Soil and Rock in Placeby the Sand Replacement Method in a Test PitD 5030 Test Method for Density of Soil and Rock in Placeby the Water Replacement in a
19、Test PitF 412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems2.2 Pipe Installation:D 2321 Practice for Underground Installation of Thermo-plastic Pipe for Sewers and Other Gravity-Flow Applica-tionsD 2774 Practice for Underground Installation of Thermo-plastic Pressure PipingD 3839 Practice for Under
20、ground Installation of “Fiber-glass” (Glass-Fiber Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) PipeF 645 Guide for Selection, Design, and Installation of Ther-moplastic Pressure Piping SystemF 690 Practice for Underground Installation of Thermoplas-tic Pressure Piping Irrigation SystemsF 1176 Practice for Design
21、 and Installation of Thermoplas-tic Irrigation Systems with Maximum Working Pressure of125 psi2.3 Soil Testing:D 698 Test Method for Laboratory Compaction Character-istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft5(600kn-m/m5)D 1556 Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil inPlace by th
22、e Sand-Cone MethodD 1557 Test Method for Laboratory Compaction Character-istics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56 000 ft-lbf/ft5(2700kn-m/m5)D 2167 Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil inPlace by the Rubber Balloon MethodD 2216 Method for Laboratory Determination of Water(Moisture) Conten
23、t of Soil and Rock by MassD 2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for EngineeringPurposes (Unified Soil Classification System)D 2488 Practice for Description and Identification of Soils(Visual-Manual Procedure)D 2922 Test Method for Density of Soil and Soil AggregateIn Place by Nuclear Methods (
24、Shallow Depth)D 3017 Test Method for Water Content of Soil and Rock InPlace by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth)D 4253 Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and UnitWeight of Soils Using a Vibratory TableD 4254 Test Method for Minimum Index Density and UnitWeight of Soils and Calculation of Relative
25、DensityD 4564 Test Method for Density of Soil in Place by theSleeve MethodD 4643 Test Method for Determination of Water (Moisture)Content of Soils by the Microwave Oven MethodD 4944 Test Method for Field Determination of Water(Moisture) Content of Soil by the Calcium Carbide GasPressure Tester Metho
26、dD 4959 Test Method for Determination of Water (Moisture)Content of Soil by Direct Heating MethodD 5080 Test Method for Rapid Determination of PercentCompaction2.4 Joining Practices:D 2657 Practice for Heat Joining of Polyolefin Pipe andFittingsD 2855 Practice for Making Solvent-Cemented Joints With
27、Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe and FittingsF 402 Practice for Safe Handling of Solvent Cements,Primers, and Cleaners Used for Joining ThermoplasticPipe and FittingsF 477 Specification for Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) forJoining Plastic PipeF 913 Specification for Thermoplastic Elastomeric Seals(Gask
28、ets) for Joining Plastic Pipe2.5 Other ASTM Standards:C 94/C 94M Specification for Ready-Mixed ConcreteD 2412 Test Method for Determination of External LoadingCharacteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate LoadingF 1417 Test Method for Installation Acceptance of PlasticGravity Sewer Lines Using L
29、ow Pressure Air2.6 American Water Works Association (AWWA) Standards:C 600 Standard for Installation of Ductile-Iron Water Mainsand Their Appurtenances3C 651 Standard for Disinfecting Water Mains32.7 American Association of State Highway and Transpor-tation Offcials (AASHTO) Standard:Standard Specif
30、ication for Highway Bridges42.8 Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association Standard:UNI-B-13 Recommended Performance Specification forJoint Restraint Devices for Use with Polyvinyl Chloride(PVC) Pipe53. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions are in accordance with Termi-nologies D 8, D 653, D 883, D 1600, and F 4
31、12 unless other-wise indicated. Abbreviations are in accordance with Termi-nology D 1600, unless otherwise indicated.3.1.1 The definitions and descriptions of soil are in accor-dance with the Unified Soil Classification System as presentedin Classification D 2487. Soils may be identified and describ
32、edin the field using the procedures stated in Practice D 2488.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website
33、.3Available from the American Water Works Association, 1401 New York Ave.,NW, Suite 640, Washington, DC 200054Available from the American Association of State Highway and TransportationOfficials, 444 North Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington DC 20001.5Available from the Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Assoc.,
34、2655 Villa Creek Dr., Suite 155,Dallas, TX 75234.F 1668 96 (2002)2NOTE 4The terms describing an installation cross-section are illus-trated in Fig. 1. Other terms related to parts of the pipe are illustrated inFig. 2.NOTE 5These terms may be different from the ones used in PracticesD 2321, D 2774, D
35、 3839, F 690, or F 1176. The terms in this guide areused to describe the construction sequence and are not meant to replace orconflict with other standards.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 backfillmaterial placed over the embedment up tothe ground surface.3.2.2 beddingmateria
36、l placed in the bottom of the trenchon top of the foundation soil to provide uniform support for thepipe.3.2.3 embedmentmaterial placed around the pipe thatprovides side support.3.2.4 foundation soilmaterial in the bottom of the trenchthat is (1) undisturbed and remains in place; (2) removed andrepl
37、aced by another material, (3) displaced by another material;or (4) removed and then recompacted into place.3.2.5 haunch areathe area of the embedment under thepipe from the bottom of the pipe up to the springline, asillustrated in Fig. 1.3.2.6 in situ materialthe in-place soil or rock that a trenchi
38、s excavated through that is either (1) naturally formed ordeposited; or (2) manmade.3.2.7 manufactured aggregatesaggregates that are prod-ucts or byproducts of a manufacturing process (such as slag),or natural aggregates that are reduced to their final form by amanufacturing process such as crushing
39、.3.2.8 springlinea line along the length of the pipe at itsmaximum width along a horizontal plane. (F 412)4. Significance and Use4.1 This guide may be used as a reference of acceptableopen-cut construction practices for the proper installation ofburied fiberglass and thermoplastic pipe. This guide m
40、ay beused as follows:4.1.1 Installation contractors have an awareness of the levelof workmanship required and use this information for biddingpurposes and during construction.4.1.2 Construction inspectors have a reference of acceptableinstallation practices.4.1.3 Specification writers may use this g
41、uide as a referencein contract documents.4.1.4 Designers may review this information during plan-ning and design for factors to consider in the preparation ofplans and specifications.4.1.5 The owner of the pipeline may use this guide as areference for restoration of proper pipe support and embedment
42、when original construction is disturbed due to repairs, modifi-cations, or construction of adjacent or crossing pipelines orcables.4.2 This guide should not be used to replace project speci-fication requirements, manufacturers recommendations,plumbing codes, building codes, or ASTM installation stan
43、-dards, but may be used to supplement that information.5. Inspection, Handling, and Storage5.1 Load InspectionThe pipe should be packaged orloaded as recommended by the supplier. The receiver of thepipe should be aware of (1) the loading and packagingrequirements for each mode of transportation used
44、; (2) thecontinuance of proper handling in any multiple loading andunloading before arrival; and (3) any transportation incident(wreck). Before unloading, the receiver should examine theload for transportation damage, particularly if the load hasshifted, packaging is broken, or if there are signs of
45、 roughtreatment. Damage may also have been caused from overtight-ening tie-down straps or from the tie-down straps not beinglocated at the same point along the pipe barrel where the pipesupports are located. The pipe should be examined for abrasiondue to (1) bells, couplings, or other joint surfaces
46、 being incontact with each other or any hard object or surface; and (2)unpadded metal tie-down straps.5.2 Pipe InspectionEach load of pipe should be inspectedand inventoried for conformance to product specifications andcontract documents. Pipe markings vary according to ASTMspecification, the type o
47、f pipe, and the manufacturer. Ingeneral, these markings include: ASTM specification, pipeclass or pressure designation, cell classification, pipe diameter,date of manufacture, name or trademark of the manufacturer,NOTE 1This drawing is illustrative only. Trench dimensions and slopevary with depth an
48、d soil conditions.FIG. 1 Trench Cross Section TerminologyFIG. 2 Pipe TerminologyF 1668 96 (2002)3and plant identification. In some circumstances, the plantinspectors approval mark may also be required. Pipe intendedfor the conveyance of potable water is evaluated, tested, andcertified for use by an
49、acceptable certifying organization whenrequired by the regulatory authority having jurisdiction. Theseal or mark of the laboratory making the evaluation should beon the pipe. Observe the unloading, uncrating, storage anddistribution of the pipe, as applicable, and inspect each pipesection for damage, such as cuts, cracks, or gouges. Depths ofcuts and gouges should be compared to allowable limits in thepipe specifications, contract documents, or manufacturersrecommendations.5.2.1 Damaged pipe may or may not be repairable depend-ing on the type of pipe.5.2.1
