1、Designation: F 1867 06An American National StandardStandard Practice forInstallation of Folded/Formed Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)Pipe Type A for Existing Sewer and Conduit Rehabilitation1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1867; the number immediately following the designation indi
2、cates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the procedures for t
3、he rehabilitationof sewer lines and conduits 4 in. (102 mm) to 18 in. (457 mm)in diameter by the insertion of a folded/formed PVC pipe thatis heated, pressurized, and expanded to conform to the wall ofthe original conduit forming a new structural pipe-within-a-pipe. This rehabilitation process can b
4、e used in a variety ofgravity applications such as sanitary sewers, storm sewers, andprocess piping.1.2 This practice is to be used with the material specified inSection 6 of Specification F 1871.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The SI units given in paren
5、theses are providedfor information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory
6、limitations prior to use.1.5 There is no similar or equivalent ISO Standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD 648 Test Method for Deflection Temperature of PlasticsUnder Flexural Load in the Edgewise PositionD 790 Test Methods for Flexur
7、al Properties of Unreinforcedand Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating MaterialsD 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating toPlasticsD 1784 Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)Compounds and Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride)(CPVC) CompoundsD 2122 Test Method for Determinin
8、g Dimensions of Ther-moplastic Pipe and FittingsF 412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping SystemsF 1417 Test Method for Installation Acceptance of PlasticGravity Sewer Lines Using Low-Pressure AirF 1871 Specification for Folded/Formed Poly (Vinyl Chlo-ride) Pipe Type A for Existing Sewer and Cond
9、uit Reha-bilitation2.2 Uni-Bell Standard:UNI-B-5-89 Recommended Practice for the Installation ofPolyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Sewer Pipe33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions are in accordance with Termi-nology F 412, and abbreviations are in accordance with Ter-minology D 1600, unless otherwise indic
10、ated. The abbrevia-tion for poly(vinyl chloride) plastics is PVC.3.1.1 The term TYPE A is not an abbreviation but rather anarbitrary designation for PVC compounds with a minimumvalue for modulus in tension as listed in 6.1 and a maximumvalue as defined by cell limit 1 of Specification D 1784.3.2 Def
11、initions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 dimples (dimpling), nWhere a side connectionmeets the existing conduit, there is no support for the PVC pipeduring forming, causing a point of thermoplastic pipe expan-sion slightly beyond the existing pipe wall. This formation ofan external departur
12、e from the formed pipe wall is termeddimpling.3.2.2 flattened pipe, na flattened pipe has been manufac-tured and calibrated round, then subsequently cooled anddeformed into a flattened shape for coiling purposes. Later, atthe time of installation at the project site, the flattened pipe willbe formed
13、 into the folded shape when inserted into the existingsewer and conduit rehabilitation.3.2.3 folded pipe, npipe that has been manufactured andcalibrated round, then subsequently cooled and deformed intoa folded shape for use in existing sewer and conduit rehabili-tation (see Fig. 1).3.2.4 formed fie
14、ld sample, nA formed field sample isformed when the folded pipe has been inserted into a mold pipeand expanded with steam heat and pressure1This standard is under the jurisdiction of Committee F17 on Plastic PipingSystems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.67 on TrenchlessPlastic P
15、ipeline Technology.Current edition approved March 15, 2006. Published April 2006. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as F 1867 98(2004).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual
16、 Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association, 2655 Villa Creek Drive, Suite155, Dallas, TX 75234.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-
17、2959, United States.3.2.5 formed pipe, na folded pipe that has been insertedinto an existing sewer or conduit and expanded with steam heatand pressure, and, if required by the manufacturer, with asqueegee device or similar device to provide a close fit to theexisting pipe (see Fig. 1).3.2.6 insertio
18、n point, nAn existing manhole, existingaccess shaft, or an excavation that serves as the point ofentrance for the folded pipe into the existing pipe.3.2.7 liner, nPVC formed pipe fully functional as a pipewithin a rehabilitated pipe.3.2.8 termination point, nAn existing manhole, existingaccess shaft
19、, or an excavated pit that serves as the point of exitof the folded pipe from the existing pipe.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice is for use by designers, and specifiesregulatory agencies, owners, and inspection organizations in-volved in the rehabilitation of non-pressure sewers and con-duit
20、s. Modifications may be required, depending on specificjob conditions, to establish a project specification. The manu-facturer of the product should be consulted for design andinstallation information. Industrial waste disposal lines shouldbe installed only with the specific approval of the cognizan
21、tcode authority, since chemicals not commonly found in drainsand sewers and temperatures in excess of 140 F (60 C) maybe encountered.5. Materials5.1 The folded/formed PVC liner pipe should be made fromPVC compound, meeting all the requirements for cell classi-fication 12111 as defined in Specificati
22、on D 1784 and withminimum physical properties as listed.NOTE 1If required by the user, chemical resistance tests will besupplied by the pipe manufacturer.Tensile Strength Test MethodD 6383600 PSI (25 MPa)Tensile Modulus Test MethodD 638155 000 PSI (1069 MPa)Flexural Strength Test MethodD 7904100 PSI
23、 (28 MPa)Flexural Modulus Test MethodD 790145 000 PSI (1000 MPa)Heat Deflection Test MethodD 648115 F (46 C)Temperature Tested at 264psi(2 MPa)5.1.1 Compounds meeting the above minimum propertiesthat have different cell classifications because one or moreproperties are greater to those of the specif
24、ied compounds arealso acceptable, except modulus in tension shall not exceed280 000 psi.5.2 Rework MaterialClean rework material from this typeof pipe, generated from the manufacturers own pipe produc-tion may be used by the same manufacturer provided that therework material meets all the requiremen
25、ts of 5.1.NOTE 1This figure is intended only for clarification of terms specific to this practice and shows a representative folded pipe shape. Other folded pipeshapes may meet the requirements of this practice.FIG. 1 Folder Pipe and Formed PipeClarification of TermsF18670626. Installation Recommend
26、ations6.1 Cleaning and Inspection:6.1.1 Access SafetyPrior to entering access areas such asmanholes, and performing inspection or cleaning operations,an evaluation of the atmosphere to determine the presence oftoxic or flammable vapors or lack of oxygen must be conductedin accordance with local, sta
27、te, or federal safety regulations.6.1.2 Cleaning of PipelineInternal debris should be re-moved from the existing pipeline. Gravity pipes should becleaned with one or more of the following: hydraulicallypowered equipment, high velocity jet cleaners, or mechanicallypowered equipment.6.1.3 Inspection o
28、f PipelinesThe interior of the pipelineshould be carefully inspected to determine the location of anycondition that may prevent proper installation of the foldedpipe, such as protruding service taps, collapsed or crushedpipe, out-of-roundness, significant line sags, and deflectedjoints. These condit
29、ions should be noted, and, if deemednecessary by the end-user, corrected prior to installation.Inspection of pipelines should be performed by experiencedpersonnel trained in locating breaks, obstacles, and serviceconnections by closed circuit television.6.1.4 Line ObstructionsThe existing pipeline s
30、hould beclear of obstructions that will prevent the proper insertion andexpansion of the folded pipe. Such conditions require access atthese points for termination and start of a new insertion.Changes in pipe size may be accommodated, if the wallthickness of the liner pipe has been designed for expa
31、nsion.Obstructions could include dropped or offset joints of morethan 12.5 % of inside pipe diameter and service connectionsthat protrude into the pipe more than 12.5 % of the insidediameter of 1 in. (25 mm), whichever is greater. Otherobstructions may be reduction of the cross-sectional area ofmore
32、 than 14 % (based on the inside diameter of the existingpipe), which may be the result of point repairs or patches, andwould prevent the folded pipe from totally and properlyforming. If inspection reveals an obstruction that cannot beremoved by cleaning or rodding, then a point repair excavationshou
33、ld be made to uncover and remove or repair the obstruc-tion. Typically, with bends along the pipe length in excess of30, the manufacturer shall be consulted.6.1.5 BypassingIf flow cannot be interrupted for thenecessary duration, bypassing of flow is required around thesections of the existing pipeli
34、ne designated for rehabilitation.The pump and bypass lines should be of adequate capacity andsize to handle any flows during the installation period. Thebypass should be made by plugging the line at the pointupstream of the pipe to be reconstructed and pumping the flowto a downstream point or adjace
35、nt system. Services within thiswork area will be temporarily out of service.6.1.6 Public advisory services will be required to notify allparties whose service lateral will be out of commission and toadvise against water usage until the main line is back inservice.6.2 Insertion:6.2.1 The reel of flat
36、tened pipe should be positioned near theinsertion point. The end of the reel of flattened pipe should betapered and have holes drilled for the attachment of a pullinghead. If recommended by the manufacturer, the coil of flat-tened pipe may be heated to approximately180F prior toinsertion. An enclosu
37、re should be designed so that hot air iscontinually exiting from it and not allowing ambient air to bedrawn in.6.2.2 A steel cable should be strung through the existingconduit and attached to the beveled cut end of the folded pipe.The folded pipe should be pulled with a power winch unit andcable dir
38、ectly from the reel, through the insertion point, andthrough the existing pipe to the termination point and extend-ing 4 ft (1.2 mm) beyond. The pulling force should bemonitored and limited to the allowable tensile stress of thefolded pipe (50 % of yield at 212F) times the pipe wallcross-sectional a
39、rea.6.2.3 After insertion is completed, the pipe should besecured at the termination end.6.3 Expansion:6.3.1 Through the use of heat, pressure, and, , the foldedpipe should be fully expanded. The liner pipe shall be fullyexpanded through the use of time, heat and pressure. Time,temperature and press
40、ure must be sufficient to overcome theextrusion memory of the thermoplastic material. The manufac-turer must be consulted as to the suggested times, temperaturesand pressure. Expansion pressures must be sufficient to pressthe PVC liner pipe against the wall of the existing conduit soas to neatly and
41、 tightly fit the internal circumference of theexisting line and to form dimples at the service connections.NOTE 2Folded pipe expansion pressures are typically in the range of3 to 5 psi (20.6 to 34.4 kPa), but may vary based on field conditions.6.3.2 The manufacturer shall specify the proper expansio
42、npressure and duration of the expansion pressure for the specificproduct being installed. The specified pressure shall be suffi-cient to expand the pipe at local deformities and allow forcomplete dimpling at side connections.6.3.3 Cool-downThe formed pipe should be cooled to atemperature below 100 F
43、 (38 C) before relieving the pressurerequired to hold the PVC pipe against the existing pipe wall.This cool-down procedure may take approximately one half toone hour.6.3.4 After the formed pipe has cooled down, the terminat-ing ends should be trimmed to a minimum of 3 in. (76.2 mm)beyond the existin
44、g pipe as allowance for possible shrinkageduring cooling to ambient temperature.6.4 Service ConnectionsAfter the formed pipe has beeninstalled, the existing active service connections should bereconnected, unless otherwise specified by the owner. Thisshould be done without excavation from the interi
45、or of thepipeline by means of a television camera and a remote controldevice used to re-establish the service connections.NOTE 3In many cases, a seal is provided where the formed pipedimples at service connections. If total elimination of infiltration andinflow is desired, other means, which are bey
46、ond the scope of this practicemay be necessary to seal service connections and to rehabilitate servicelines and manholes.7. Inspection and Acceptance7.1 The installation may be inspected by closed-circuittelevision. The formed pipe should be continuous over theF1867063entire length of the insertion,
47、 be free of cracks, and conform tothe wall of the existing pipe evidenced by visible jointdefinition and mirroring of existing pipe irregularities. Varia-tions from true line and grade may be inherent because of theconditions of the existing pipeline.All service entrances shouldbe accounted for and
48、unobstructed.7.2 Leakage TestingIf required by the owner or desig-nated in the contract documents or purchase order, gravitypipes should be tested for leakage. This test should take placeafter the formed pipe has cooled down to ambient temperature.This test is limited to pipe lengths with no service
49、 laterals orlines with service laterals that have not yet been reinstated. Oneof the following two methods should be used.7.2.1 An exfiltration test method involves plugging theformed pipe at both ends and filling it with water. Theallowable water exfiltration for any length of pipe betweentermination points should not exceed 50 U.S. gallons per inchof internal pipe diameter per mile per day, providing that all airhas been bled from the line. The leakage quantity should begaged by the water level in a temporary standpipe placed in theupstream plug. Du
