1、Designation: F1871 11An American National StandardStandard Specification forFolded/Formed Poly (Vinyl Chloride) Pipe Type A forExisting Sewer and Conduit Rehabilitation1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1871; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year ofor
2、iginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methodsfor ma
3、terials, dimensions, workmanship, flattening resistance,impact resistance, pipe stiffness, extrusion quality, and a formof marking for folded/formed poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) pipefor existing sewer and conduit rehabilitation.1.2 Pipe produced to this specification is for use in non-pressure sewer
4、and conduit rehabilitation where the foldedPVC pipe is installed into and then expanded to provide a closefit to the wall of the original conduit, forming a new structuralpipe-within-a-pipe.NOTE 1For installation procedures refer to Practice F1867.1.3 This specification includes pipe made only from
5、mate-rials specified in Section 6. This specification does not includepipe manufactured from reprocessed, recycled, or reclaimedPVC.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are providedfor information only.1.5 The following precau
6、tionary statement pertains only tothe test method portion, Section 11, of this specification. Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices
7、and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.1.6 There is no similar or equivalent ISO Standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD648 Test Method for Deflection
8、Temperature of PlasticsUnder Flexural Load in the Edgewise PositionD790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforcedand Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating MaterialsD1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating toPlasticsD1784 Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)Co
9、mpounds and Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride)(CPVC) CompoundsD2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Ther-moplastic Pipe and FittingsD2152 Test Method for Adequacy of Fusion of ExtrudedPoly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe and Molded Fittings byAcetone ImmersionD2412 Test Method for Determination o
10、f External LoadingCharacteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate LoadingD2444 Test Method for Determination of the Impact Resis-tance of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings by Means of aTup (Falling Weight)F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping SystemsF1057 Practice for Estimating the Quality of
11、 Extruded Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe by the Heat Reversion Tech-niqueF1867 Practice for Installation of Folded/Formed Poly (Vi-nyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe Type A for Existing Sewer andConduit Rehabilitation2.2 Federal Standard:3Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)2.3 Military St
12、andard:3MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage3. Terminology3.1 Definitions: Definitions are in accordance with Termi-nology F412, and abbreviations are in accordance with Termi-nology D1600, unless otherwise specified. The abbreviation forpoly(vinyl chloride) plastics is PVC.3.1.1 The term TY
13、PE A is not an abbreviation, but rather anarbitrary designation for PVC compounds with a minimumvalue for modulus in tension as listed in 6.1 and a maximumvalue as defined by cell limit 1 of Specification D1784.1This standard is under the jurisdiction of Committee F17 on Plastic PipingSystems and is
14、 the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.67 on TrenchlessPlastic Pipeline Technology.Current edition approved April 1, 2011. Published May 2011. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as F1871-02e1which waswithdrawn January 2011 and reinstated in April 2011. DOI: 10
15、.1520/F1871-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Documents Orde
16、r Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/dodssp.daps.dla.mil.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 folded pipe, npipe t
17、hat has been manufactured andcalibrated round, then subsequently cooled and deformed intoa folded shape for use in existing sewer and conduit rehabili-tation (see Fig. 1).3.2.2 formed pipe, nA folded pipe that has been insertedinto an existing sewer or conduit and expanded with steam heatand pressur
18、e, and, if required by the manufacturer, with asqueegee device or similar device to provide a close fit to theexisting pipe (see Fig. 1).3.2.3 formed field sample, nA formed field sample isformed when the folded pipe has been inserted into a mold pipeand expanded with steam heat and pressure, and, i
19、f required bythe manufacturer, with a squeegee device or similar device toprovide a close fit to the mold pipe.4. Significance and Use4.1 This specification is for use by designers and specifiers,regulatory agencies, owners, and inspection organizations whoare involved in the rehabilitation of non-p
20、ressure sewers andconduits. Modifications may be required, depending on specificjob conditions to establish a project specification. The manu-facturer of the product should be consulted for design andinstallation information. Industrial waste disposal lines shouldbe installed only with the specific
21、approval of the cognizantcode authority, since chemicals not commonly found in drainsand sewers and temperatures in excess of 140F (60C) may beencountered.5. Applications of Material5.1 The nominal folded PVC pipe sizes specified in Section8 can be obtained for use in a range of original pipe inside
22、diameters. Table 1 presents recommended ranges that areavailable for each nominal size.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Basic MaterialsThe pipe shall be made from virginPVC compound meeting all the requirements for cell classifi-cation 12111 as defined in Specification D1784 and withminimum physical
23、properties as listed below:Tensile Strength Test Method D638 3 600 PSI (25 MPa)Tensile Modulus Test Method D638 155 000 PSI (1069 MPa)Flexural Strength Test Method D790 4 100 PSI (28 MPa)Flexural Modulus Test Method D790 145 000 PSI (1000 MPa)Heat Deflection Test Method D648 115F (46C)Temperature te
24、sted at264 psi(2 MPa)6.1.1 Compounds meeting the above minimum propertiesthat have different cell classifications because one or moreproperties are greater than those of the specified compoundsare also acceptable, except modulus in tension shall not exceed280 000 psi.NOTE 1This figure is intended on
25、ly for clarification of terms specific to this specification, and shows a representative folded pipe shape. Other foldedpipe shapes may meet the requirements of this specification.FIG. 1 Folded Pipe and Formed PipeClarification of TermsF1871 1126.2 Rework MaterialClean rework material from this type
26、of pipe, generated from the manufacturers own productionmay be used by the same manufacturer, provided that therework material meets all the requirements of 6.1 and that thepipe produced meets all the requirements of this specification.7. Other Requirements7.1 Pipe FlatteningThere shall be no eviden
27、ce of split-ting, cracking, or breaking when the rounded pipe is tested inaccordance with 11.3.7.2 Pipe Impact StrengthThe impact strength of roundedpipe shall not be less than the values given in Table 2 whentested in accordance with 11.4.NOTE 2This test is intended only for use as a quality contro
28、l test, notas a simulated service test.7.3 Pipe StiffnessPipe stiffness values for the roundedpipe shall comply with Table 3, when tested in accordance with11.5.7.4 Extrusion QualityThe extrusion quality of the pipeshall be evaluated by both of the following test methods.7.4.1 Acetone ImmersionThe p
29、ipe shall not flake or dis-integrate when tested in accordance with 11.6.1.7.4.2 Heat ReversionThe extrusion quality shall be esti-mated by heat reversion method in accordance with 11.6.2.7.5 Flexural PropertiesFlexural modulus of elasticityvalues for the rounded pipe shall comply with 6.1.8. Dimens
30、ions, Mass, and Permissible Variations8.1 Formed Pipe DiameterThe average outside diameterof the formed pipe shall meet the requirements given in Table4 with a tolerance of plus or minus 1.0 % when measured inaccordance with 11.2.1.8.2 Formed Pipe wall thickness of the rounded pipe, whenmeasured in
31、accordance with 11.2.2, shall not be less than thevalues specified in Table 4.9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance9.1 The formed pipe shall be homogeneous throughout andfree from visible cracks, holes, foreign inclusions, or otherinjurious defects. The pipe shall be as uniform as commerciallypract
32、ical in color, opacity, density, and other physical proper-ties.10. Sampling10.1 The formed pipe sample preparation shall involve theunfolding and expansion of a folded pipe sample within a splitpipe mold with an inside diameter equal to the nominal outsidediameter as shown in Table 4. A folded pipe
33、 sample ofsufficient length, 10 ft (3 m) maximum, to complete the testingrequirements shall be inserted into the split pipe mold andsecured at the ends. The assembly shall then be placed in anenclosed chamber for heating.Ambient pressure steam shall beapplied to the chamber for at least a 15-minute
34、period at aminimum temperature of 220F (104C). While maintainingthe minimum 220F temperature, the folded pipe shall then beformed by applying internal steam pressure at 5 psig (34 kPa)for a period of 2 minutes. While maintaining the 5 psig internalpressure, transition to air pressure and cool the sa
35、mple to 100F(38C) or less. Remove the rounded sample from the mold fortesting.10.2 The frequency of sampling shall be as agreed upon bythe purchaser and the seller.10.3 Initial and retest samples shall be drawn from the sameproduction shift.11. Test Methods11.1 Test ConditionsConduct tests in the St
36、andard Labo-ratory Atmosphere of 73.4 6 3.6F (23 6 2C) and 50 6 5%TABLE 1 Folded PVC Pipe Recommended Size Ranges of UseNOTEThe minimum and maximum recommended existing pipe insidediameters shown are mean inside diameters along the pipe length and arenot intended as absolute limits on localized dime
37、nsions. Consult themanufacturer for use of folded PVC pipe for sizes of existing pipe beyondthe recommended ranges shown.Folded PipeNominal Out-side Diameter,in. (mm)Recommended ExistingPipeInside Diameter Range,in. (mm)Resulting Installed DR RangeMin MaxDR26DR32.5DR35DR414 (102) 3.6 (91) 4.1 (104)
38、24-27 31-386 (152) 5.7 (145) 6.1 (155) 25-27 31-388 (203) 7.6 (193) 8.2 (208) 25-27 31-38 34-369 (229) 8.6 (218) 9.2 (234) 25-27 31-38 34-3610 (254) 9.5 (241) 10.2 (259) 25-27 31-38 34-3612 (305) 11.6 (295) 12.6 (320) 25-27 31-38 34-3615 (381) 14.5 (368) 15.4 (391) 25-27 31-38 34-3618 (457) 17.6 (44
39、7) 18.2 (462) 34-36 40-42TABLE 2 Minimum Impact Strength at 73F (23C)Pipe Size, in. (mm) Impact Strength, ft-lbf (J)4 (102) 150 (203)6 (152) 210 (284)8 (203) 210 (284)9 (229) 220 (299)10 (254) 220 (299)12 (305) 220 (299)15 (381) 220 (299)18 (457) 220 (299)TABLE 3 Minimum Pipe Stiffness at 5 % Deflec
40、tionPipe Size,in. (mm) Pipe Stiffness, psi (kPa)DR 26 DR 32.5 DR 35 DR 414(102)18(457) 41(281.9)22(151.3)16.5(113.7)11(75.6)TABLE 4 Formed Pipe DimensionsNominalOutsideDiameter,in. (mm)Minimum Wall Thickness, in. (mm)DR 26 DR 32.5 DR 35 DR 414.00 (102) 0.154 (3.91) 0.123 (3.12)6.00 (152) 0.231 (5.87
41、) 0.185 (4.70)8.00 (203) 0.308 (7.82) 0.246 (6.25) 0.229 (5.8)9.00 (229) 0.346 (8.79) 0.277 (7.04) 0.257 (6.5)10.00 (254) 0.385 (9.78) 0.308 (7.82) 0.286 (7.3)12.00 (305) 0.462 (11.73) 0.369 (9.37) 0.343 (8.7)15.00 (381) 0.576 (14.63) 0.462 (11.73) 0.429 (10.9)18.00 (457) 0.439 (11.15)F1871 113relat
42、ive humidity, with test specimens conditioned in accor-dance with Procedure A of Test Methods D618, unless other-wise specified in the test methods or in this specification.11.2 Formed Pipe Dimensions:11.2.1 Pipe DiametersMeasure the outside diameter ofthe pipe in accordance with the applicable sect
43、ion of TestMethod D2122. Either a tapered sleeve gage or a verniercircumferential wrap tape accurate to 60.001 in. (60.02 mm)may be used.11.2.2 Wall ThicknessMeasure the wall thickness in ac-cordance with the applicable sections of Test Method D2122.Make sufficient readings, a minimum of six, to ens
44、ure that theminimum thickness has been determined. Use a cylindricalanvil tubing micrometer accurate to 60.001 in. (60.02 mm).11.3 Pipe FlatteningFlatten three specimens of roundedpipe, 6 in. (152 mm) long, between parallel plates in a suitablepress until the distance between the plates is 40 % of t
45、heoutside diameter of the pipe. The rate of loading shall beuniform and such that the compression is completed within 2 to5 minutes. Remove the load and examine the specimens forevidence of splitting, cracking, or breaking.11.4 Impact ResistanceDetermine the impact resistanceof the rounded pipe in a
46、ccordance with the applicable sectionof Test Method D2444, using a 20-lb (9 kg) Tup A and the flatplate Holder B. Test six specimens each 6 in. (152 mm) long atthe impact levels given in Table 2. All shall pass. If one fails,test another six specimens. Eleven passes out of 12 tested shallbe acceptab
47、le.11.5 Pipe StiffnessDetermine the pipe stiffness forrounded pipe specimens using Test Method D2412. Test threespecimens, each 6 in. (152 mm) long. The pipe stiffness of eachspecimen at 5 % deflection shall equal or exceed the minimumvalue listed in Table 3.11.6 Extrusion Quality:11.6.1 Acetone Imm
48、ersionTests shall be run in accor-dance with Test Method D2152 on rounded samples, everyproduction lot run. This procedure is used for determining theextrusion quality of extruded PVC plastic pipe as indicated byreaction to immersion in anhydrous acetone. It is applicableonly for distinguishing betw
49、een unfused and properly fusedPVC.11.6.2 Heat ReversionTests shall be run in accordancewith Practice F1057 on rounded pipe samples, every produc-tion lot run. The rounded pipe shall not exhibit any of theeffects listed in the suggested Interpretation of Results inPractice F1057.11.6.3 Flexural PropertiesTests shall be run on roundedpipe samples in accordance with Test Method D790, Method I,Procedure A, every production lot run.12. Inspection12.1 Inspection of the material shall be made as agreed uponby the purchaser and the seller as part o
