1、Designation: F2075 10aF2075 15 An American National StandardStandard Specification forEngineered Wood Fiber for Use as a Playground SafetySurface Under and Around Playground Equipment1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2075; the number immediately following the designation indicate
2、s the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe need for a systematic means of evaluating
3、engineered wood fiber for use as a playground safetysurface from the standpoint of particle size, consistency, purity, and ability to drain, has become agrowing concern of the designers, operators, and manufacturers of engineered wood fiber systems.There has been no qualitative method to assess thes
4、e parameters of engineered wood fiber (that is,particle size, consistency, purity, and ability to drain) to ensure its quality. Therefore, the goal of thisspecification is to establish a uniform means to measure the characteristics of engineered wood fiberin order to provide the potential buyer with
5、 performance specifications to select an engineered woodfiber suitable to meet the needs of playground designers, operators and manufacturers.1. Scope1.1 This specification establishes minimum characteristics for those factors that determine particle size, consistency, purity, andability to drain.1.
6、2 Engineered wood fiber that meets the requirements of this specification must comply with Specification F1292, if the surfaceis in the use zone as defined in Specification F1487.1.3 A sample of wood fiber that meets the requirements of this specification may be designated engineered wood fiber and
7、besuitable for playground safety surfacing.1.4 This specification does not imply that an injury cannot be incurred if the engineered wood fiber complies with thisspecification.1.5 To meet the requirements of this specification, the material shall perform as follows:1.5.1 The material shall meet part
8、icle size requirements.1.5.2 The material shall meet the requirement for metal particles.1.5.3 The material shall meet the allowable heavy metal concentrations considered hazardous to children.1.5.4 The material shall meet the requirements of Specification F1292.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound u
9、nits are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are mathematicalconversions. SI units, which are provided for information, are not considered the standard, except in 8.4.1.7 WarningMercury has been designated by EPA and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause centra
10、lnervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Cautionshould be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet(MSDS) for details and EPAs website (http:/www.e
11、pa.gov/mercury/faq.htm) for additional information. Users should be awarethat selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.1.8 The following precautionary statement pertains to the test method portions only, in 7.4, 8.4, and 9.4 of this specif
12、ication:This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of theuser of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitationsprior to use.1 This specif
13、ication is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F08.63 on Playground Surfacing Systems.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2010Jan. 1, 2015. Published September 2010January 2015. Originally app
14、roved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2010 asF2075 10.F2075 10a. DOI: 10.1520/F2075-10A.10.1520/F2075-15.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may n
15、ot be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor
16、Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse AggregatesD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD2217 Practice for Wet Preparation of Soil Samples for Particle-Size Analysis and Deter
17、mination of Soil ConstantsE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test SievesF963 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy SafetyF1292 Specification for Impact Attenuation of Surfacing Materials Within the Use Zone of Playground EquipmentF1487 Consumer Safety Performance Specification for
18、 Playground Equipment for Public Use2.2 Other Standards and Methods:Method 6010B Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (for the determination of heavy metal concentra-tions) as found in the Solid Waste ManualSW8463Method 7470A Mercury in Liquid Waste (manual cold-vapor technique) a
19、s found in the Solid Waste ManualSW 84644Handbook for Public Playground Safety U. S. Consumer Product Safety Commission Publication No. 3255ISO 3696 Water for Analytical Laboratory UseSpecification and Test Methods63. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 around playgro
20、und equipment, nthe area under and surrounding playground equipment established as protection fromfalls from equipment.3.1.2 engineered wood fiber, nprocessed wood that is ground to a fibrous consistency, randomly sized, approximately tentimes longer than wide with a recommended maximum length of 2
21、in. (50.8 mm), free of hazardous substances, and meets thecriteria of this specification.3.1.3 hand manipulation, naligning the engineered wood fiber particles by hand so that the smallest dimensions confront theface of the sieve screen and placing them through the screen without the use of force.3.
22、1.4 loose fill system, na surface system consisting of small independent, movable components; that is, engineered woodfiber, sand, gravel, wood chips, etc.3.1.5 normal use, nplay modes that conform to the instruction accompanying the playground surface that have beenestablished by tradition, custom,
23、 or that are evident from an examination of the playground.3.2 Definitions:Definitions of Terms Specific to Playground Equipment:3.2.1 head injury criteria (HIC), na measure of impact severity that considers the duration over which the most critical sectionof the deceleration pulse persists as well
24、as the peak level of that deceleration.3.2.2 impact attenuation, nthe ability of a surface system to reduce and dissipate the energy of an impacting body.4. General Requirements4.1 Playground surfaces represented as complying with this specification shall meet all applicable requirements specified h
25、erein.Anyone representing compliance with this specification shall keep such records as are necessary to document any claim that therequirements within this specification have been met.4.2 For the surface within the fall zone of the surrounding playground equipment, the surface must meet U.S. Consum
26、er ProductSafety Commission guidelines minimum requirements at its critical height when tested in accordance with Specification F1292.4.3 Certification compliance to this specification shall be conducted by an independent accredited testing laboratory.4.4 Performance Requirements for Sieve Analysis:
27、4.4.1 When engineered wood fiber is tested in accordance with 7.4 of this specification, it shall meet the following criteria tobe considered acceptable engineered wood fiber.4.4.2 The minimum and maximum percent (%) by weight passing through the three sieves shall be as follows:2 For referencedASTM
28、 standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from The American Public Health Association, 1015 Fifteenth St., NW,
29、Washington, D.C. 20005.4 SW 846 is found in the manual of “Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water,” 18th Edition 1992, prepared and published by TheAmerican PublicHealth Association, 1015 Fifteenth St., NW, Washington, D.C. 20005.5 Available from U.S. Consumer Product Safety C
30、ommission, 4330 East-West Highway, Bethesda, Maryland 20814-44086 Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.ch.F2075 152Sieve Size Minimum % Maximum %34 in. (19.0 mm) 99 % 100 %38 in.
31、 (9.5 mm) 75 % 100 %No. 16 (0.0469 in. (1.1mm)0 % 15 %4.5 Performance Requirements for Hazardous Metals:4.5.1 The maximum heavy metal concentration of soluble migrated elements after being corrected for statistical error is shownin 4.5.2.4.5.2 The criteria in Table 1 must be met to be considered acc
32、eptable engineered wood fiber:4.6 Performance Requirement for Tramp Metal:4.6.1 When wood fiber is tested in accordance with 9.4 and 9.5, the total number of metal particles with a dimension of 12 in.(1.27 cm) or greater shall not exceed 0 per 50 yd3 (38.23 m3) pile sampled to be considered acceptab
33、le engineered wood fiber.5. Summary of Methods5.1 Samples of representative wood fiber are tested in accordance with: Test Method C136 and Specification F963, modifiedfor this specification.5.1.1 Test Method C136 provides a test method for determination of particle size distribution by passing a sam
34、ple of dryengineered wood fiber of known mass through a series of sieves of progressively smaller openings.5.1.2 Specification F963, hazardous soluble elements are extracted from engineered wood fiber under conditions that simulatethe situation in which the engineered wood fiber stays 4 h in the ali
35、mentary tract after swallowing. The content of the solubleelements in the extract is determined for antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb),mercury (Hg), and selenium (Se).5.1.2.1 Method 7470A Mercury in Liquid Waste (manual cold vapor technique) as found in
36、the Solid Waste Manual SW846 isused to determine the levels of mercury in the engineered wood fiber.5.1.2.2 Method 6010B Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (for the determination of heavy metalconcentrations) as found in the Solid Waste Manual SW846 will determine the levels of
37、hazardous heavy metals.5.1.3 Two methods are used to determine the presence of tramp metal in engineered wood fiber playground surfacing; one isusing a powerful rare earth magnet on the end of a probe specifically written for this specification; the other is a visual inspection.6. Sampling6.1 The fo
38、llowing procedure will be used to collect the gross wood fiber sample. The sieve test sample and the hazardoussubstance (heavy metal) sample will be taken from the gross engineered wood fiber sample. The entire gross wood fiber samplewill be tested for tramp metal.6.1.1 The gross sample of engineere
39、d wood fiber shall represent a stockpile of 50 yd3 (38 m3) or greater.6.1.2 Eight 1-gal (3.8-L) samples shall be taken.They shall be taken from four different quadrants of the stockpile 2 to 4 ft abovethe base and four different quadrants 4 to 6 ft above the base. Dig 1 to 2 ft into pile at each sam
40、ple point. Combine and thoroughlymix the 8-gal (15.1-L) sample to achieve a homogeneous blend.6.1.3 The thoroughly mixed 8-gal (15.1-L) sample will be known as the gross 8-gal (15.1-L) sample.7. Sieve Test Analysis Method7.1 Significance and Use:7.1.1 Sieve AnalysisThis test method is used to determ
41、ine grading of engineered wood fiber-type material for proposed useas an engineered wood fiber playground safety surface. The results are used to determine compliance of the particle sizedistribution with applicable specification requirements and to provide necessary data that will indicate sufficie
42、nt porosity fordrainage, and larger particle size to limit compaction and maintain resilience and limit oversize pieces that could cause injury.7.2 Test Apparatus:7.2.1 BalancesBalances or scales used in testing fine and coarse aggregate shall be readable and accurate to 0.5 g or 0.1 %of the test lo
43、ad, whichever is greater, at any point within the range of use.7.2.2 SievesThe sieve cloth shall be mounted on substantial frames constructed in a manner that will prevent loss of materialduring sieving. The sieve cloth and standard sieve frames shall conform to the requirements of Specification E11
44、. Nonstandardsieve frames shall conform to the requirements of Specification E11 as applicable.TABLE 1 Maximum Soluble Migrated Element in ppm (mg/L)Engineered Wood FiberAAntimony(Sb)Arsenic(As)Barium(Ba)Cadmium(Cd)Chromium(Cr)Lead(Pb)Mercury(Hg)Selenium(Se)60 25 1000 75 60 90 60 500A Information in
45、 this table taken from Specification F963.F2075 1537.2.2.1 Sieve sizes required: 34 in. (19.05 mm), 38 in. (9.53 mm) and No. 16, 0.0469 in. (1.19 mm), mounted on standard frame8 in. (203.20 mm) diameter 2 in. (50.8 mm) height.7.2.3 Sieve ShakerA mechanical sieving device, if used, shall create motio
46、n of the sieves to cause the particles to bounce,tumble, or otherwise turn so as to present different orientations to the sieving surface. The sieving action shall be such that thecriterion for adequacy of sieving described in this test procedure is met in a reasonable time period.7.2.4 OvenAn oven
47、of appropriate size capable of maintaining a uniform temperature 60 6 5C (140 6 9F).7.3 Sample Test Preparation:7.3.1 From the gross 8-gal (15.1-L) sample of engineered wood fiber, measure a 1-gal (3.8-L) sample for drying.7.3.2 Dry the sieve test sample of wood fiber in accordance with the followin
48、g method. (A constant moisture level is necessaryto prevent weight changes due to changing moisture levels in the sample).7.3.3 The wood fiber sample was reduced in overall size to facilitate testing using a standard 2-in.-deep 8-in.-diameter sieve.Because of the light weight of wood fiber, the oven
49、 dried sample weight of individual samples to be tested shall not generallyexceed 0.40 lbs (181 g). Sieve screens, sieve frames, and wire cloth shall conform to the requirements of Specification E11.Samples shall be oven dried to a constant weight in general accordance with Practice D2217 for oven drying of samples followingreduction of the mass (oven temperature of 140F and accuracy to 69F (60 6 5C).7.4 Test Preparation for Sieve Analysis:7.4.1 Because of the irregular shapes of the wood particles, hand manipulation of the sample through the sie
