1、Designation: F 410 02Standard Test Method forWear Layer Thickness of Resilient Floor Coverings byOptical Measurement1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 410; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the yea
2、r of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the det
3、ermination of the thick-ness of the wear layer of resilient non-textile floor coverings, intile or sheet form, with or without felt backing or foam layer,by optical measurement.1.2 This test method is applicable for wear layers with aminimum thickness of 0.0004 in. (0.01 mm) to a maximumthickness of
4、 0.1 in. (2.54 mm), where measurements within0.0001 in. or 0.0025 mm are tolerable.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, ass
5、ociated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
6、Determine the Precision of a Test Method23. Significance and Use3.1 This test method is applicable for wear layers with aminimum thickness of 0.001 in. (0.02 mm) to a maximumthickness of 0.1 in. (2.54 mm), where measurements within0.0005 in. or 0.01 mm are tolerable.4. Apparatus4.1 Compound Microsco
7、pe, having a magnification of atleast 403, equipped with an eyepiece micrometer of the ruleddisk or filar type. The scale shall cover approximately 0.1 in.(2.54 mm) and each division shall be equal to approximately0.0004 in. (0.01 mm) at the object. Either a binocular orstandard microscope may be us
8、ed.4.2 Vertical Illuminator (recommended), to illuminate thespecimen. If another source is used, the light should fall on thespecimen from as nearly vertical direction as possible.4.3 Stage Micrometer, for calibrating the eyepiece mi-crometer. The scale shall have the smallest division equal to0.000
9、4 in. (0.01 mm) and shall cover at least 0.1 in. (2.54 mm).4.4 HolderA means for holding the specimen, withoutdistortion, so that the cut edge is perpendicular to the opticalaxis of the microscope.4.5 Sharp Knife, or razor blade in a holder, for cutting thespecimen.4.6 Cutting Board of plastic, hard
10、board or fine-grainedhardwood.4.7 Straightedge, for guiding the cutting edge.5. Test Specimen5.1 The specimen shall be cut from a properly selectedsample, representing the area to be measured. It shall beapproximately 2 in. (50 mm) long on the edge to be measuredby about 0.5 in. (13 mm) in width.6.
11、Procedure6.1 Preparation of SpecimenPlace the sample on thecutting board with the face side up. Hold the cutting instrumentso that the plane of the blade is perpendicular to the face of thesample. The cutting edge of the blade should be at an angle tothe horizontal that produces a clean cut. It is e
12、ssential that thecut is perpendicular to the face of the sample. Apply sufficientpressure so that a clean cut can be made completely through thesample in one stroke, being careful not to distort the sample orturn the knife from the perpendicular. The cut should bestraight, and at least 2 in. (50 mm)
13、 long. Make a similar cutparallel to the first cut, about 0.5 in. (13 mm) apart. Cut eachend, so the specimen can be removed from the sample.6.2 Thickness Measurement:6.2.1 Mount the specimen with the long edge up, the cutsurface perpendicular to the optical axis of the microscope (seeAppendix X1).6
14、.2.2 CalibrationCalibrate the eyepiece micrometeragainst the stage micrometer, and record the calibration factor.If a variable magnification (zoom) instrument, or one withadjustable tube length is used, be sure that these adjustments1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F06 o
15、n ResilientFloor Coverings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F06.20 on TestMethods - Products Construction/Materials.Current edition approved Feb. 10, 2002. Published May 2002. Originallypublished as F 41075. Last previous edition F 41095.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.1Cop
16、yright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.are not disturbed between calibration and measurement of thesample.6.2.3 Measurement with Ocular MicrometerLocate thespecimen under the microscope and adjust the light source.Focus the micr
17、oscope so that both edges of the wear layer aresharp. If this cannot be done, remount or recut the specimen.Measure the thickness by counting the rulings or the divisionson the ruled disk in the eyepiece that cover the distance fromone edge of the wear layer to the other, and by applying theappropri
18、ate calibration factor. Then record this distance to thenearest 0.0001 in. or 0.0025 mm. Take three readings in theareas selected, at least 0.5 in. (13 mm) apart.7. Report7.1 Average the values of the readings from the specimen tothe nearest 0.0001 in. (0.0025 mm) and record as the averagethickness
19、of the wear layer. Also report minimum and maxi-mum readings to the nearest 0.0001 in. (0.0025 mm).8. Precision and Bias8.1 PrecisionOptical thickness measured in mils (forexample, a numerical value of 18 equals 0.018 in.). Precision(characterized by repeatability, Sr, r, and reproducibility, SR,R)
20、has been determined in Table 1 for the materials.8.1.1 This study, which used 6 laboratories, 5 materials, and25 determinations per material, meets the minimum require-ments for determining precision prescribed in Practice E 691.38.1.2 Repeatability (Sr, r)In comparing two average val-ues for the sa
21、me material obtained by the same operator, usingthe same equipment, on the same day, the means should bejudged not equivalent (statistically different) if they vary bymore then the r value for that material and condition. If thedifference between the means is less than the r value for thatmaterial a
22、nd condition, the averages should be consideredstatistically equivalent.8.1.3 Reproducibility (SR, R)In comparing two averagevalues of the same material obtained by different operators,using different equipment, on different days, the means shouldbe judged not equivalent (statistically different) if
23、 they vary bymore than the R value for that material and condition. If thedifference between the means is less than the R value for thatmaterial and condition, the averages should be consideredstatistically equivalent. (This applies between different labora-tories or between different equipment with
24、in the same labora-tory.)8.1.4 The judgments in 8.1.2 and 8.1.3 will have an approxi-mate 0.95 (95 %) probability of being correct. Other materialswill give somewhat different results. For further information onthe methodology used in this section or the explanations given,consult Practice E 691.8.2
25、 Material Identification:Material A Type 1, Grade 2, Class AMaterial B Type 1, Grade 1, Class A, with High Performance Top CoatMaterial C Type 1, Grade 1, Class BMaterial D Type 1, Grade 3, Class AMaterial E Type 1, Grade 1, Class A, with High Performance Top Coat8.3 BiasThe bias of this test method
26、 was not determined,as there is no reference standard for comparison.9. Keywords9.1 measurement; optical; resilient; test; thickness; wearlayerAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. SPECIMEN MOUNTINGX1.1 The specimen may be mounted in a small vise if careis taken not to distort the specimen. It has b
27、een foundconvenient to mount the specimen on a rectangular block ofwood or plastic, 1 by 3 by58in. (25 by 75 by 15 mm). Coverthe1by58side with double-face pressure-sensitive tape. Mountthe specimen on the pressure-sensitive tape. Fit the block intothe mechanical stage of the microscope. While a mech
28、anicalstage is not essential, it makes it easy to position the specimenso that one edge of the wear layer is aligned with a principaldivision of the eyepiece micrometer, aiding accurate measure-ment.X1.2 For proper calibration technique, consult a text onmicroscopy.43Supporting data have been filed
29、at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report: RR F061006.4For example, Chamot and Mason, Handbook of Chemical Microscopy, Vol. I,2nd Ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY.TABLE 1 PrecisionMaterials AverageASrBSRCrDREMaterial A 18.2147 0.5340 1.0808 1.4952 3.02
30、61Material B 19.5567 1.2854 1.3938 3.5992 3.9028Material C 33.8173 0.5305 0.9218 1.4855 2.5811Material D 10.7353 0.3833 0.3992 1.0734 1.1176Material E 21.0273 0.7411 1.306 2.0750 2.8858AAverage is the arithmetic mean of optical thickness measurements for allreplicates from all laboratories of each m
31、aterial.BSr is the within-laboratory standard deviation of the average.CSR is the between-laboratory standard deviation of the average.Dr = 2.83 Sr.ER = 2.83 SR.F 4102ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin th
32、is standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must b
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34、ponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F 4103
