1、Designation: F 513 00 (Reapproved 2007)An American National StandardStandard Safety Specification forEye and Face Protective Equipment for Hockey Players1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 513; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption
2、 or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONIce hockey is a contact sport with intrinsic hazards. Protective equipment
3、can not eliminate allinjuries, but will substantially reduce their severity and frequency. Participation in this sport by aplayer implies acceptance of some injury risk.The goal of protective equipment is to minimize the riskof injury.After careful consideration of the mechanisms and forces involved
4、 in hockey injuries, thisspecification for eye and facial protective equipment has been prepared. A significant reduction ofoculo-facial injuries by the use of facial protective equipment is an expected result.Performance requirements are presented that are intended to minimize injury with minimalim
5、pairment of the form and appeal of the sport. The committee considers this specification aspreliminary, subject to revision as indicated by subsequent injury statistics. With these goals in mind,the impact and penetration requirements were determined. It is realized that ocular and facial injurieswi
6、ll still be possible; however, it was felt that more stringent requirements may interfere with playerperformance.In addition to the use of facial protective equipment conforming to this specification, the followingrecommendations are made: (1) A minimal stick blade width of 70 mm (2.8 in.) (per acce
7、pted rulebook limits); (2) Modification to rear blade of the ice skate to prevent penetration through wire meshmasks; (3) Stricter rules against high sticking; and (4) Stricter rules and enforcement against fighting.All of the requirements of this specification are subject to modification if future
8、statistics demonstratesignificant injuries under game conditions; (5) If full face wire protectors are used for goaltenders, athroat protector must be affixed.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety specification covers eye and faceprotective equipment for hockey players.1.2 This specification is intended
9、to reduce the demon-strated hazards associated with the sport of ice hockey involv-ing the face including eyes.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest
10、method portion, Section 7 of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory
11、 limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 Federal Standards:2National Institute of Standards and Technology SpecialPublication 374Federal Test Methods Standards, No. 46, Method 30222.2 American National Standards:3ANSI Z80.1, 1979, Requirements for First-Quality Pre-scription Opthalmic L
12、ensesANSI Z80.3, 1977, Requirements for Nonprescription Sun-glasses and Fashion EyewearANSI Z87.1, 1979, Practice for Occupational and Educa-tional Eye and Face Protectors3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 astigmatism, na condition in a lens that creates twoaxially separated line foci of each objec
13、t point. The lines being1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.15 onIce Hockey.Current edition approved May 1, 2007. Published August 2007. Originallyapproved in 1977. Last previous ed
14、ition approved in 2000 as F 513 00.2Available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government PrintingOffice, Washington, DC 20402.3Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13thFloor, New York, NY 10036.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C
15、700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.mutually perpendicular. In other words, the lens has twodifferent refractive powers in meridians that are 90 apart.3.1.2 binocular, adjrelating to the field of view which isshared by both eyes simultaneously.3.1.3 central viewing zone, nthat part
16、of the lens whichhas its center in line with the wearers line of sight whenlooking straight. The zone is a truncated circle 60 mm (2.4 in.)in diameter centered on the above points. The upper portion istruncated 20 mm (0.8 in.) above the center line. The center ofthe central viewing zone shall be the
17、 point of intersection of theline of sight with the lens as mounted on the Aldersonheadform.3.1.4 eye, nrelating to the eye of a test headform or theeye of a person wearing a protector or that part of an eyeprotective device through which a wearers eye would nor-mally look.3.1.5 eye of the headform,
18、 nall structures containedwithin the orbital rim of the Alderson fiftieth percentileheadform.3.1.6 haze, nthe fraction of the total transmitted lightfrom a normally incident beam which is not transmitted in afocused condition but scattered by inclusions or surface de-fects. Excessive haze will reduc
19、e contrast and visibility.3.1.7 impact resistant, adjthe ability of a device to affordprotection from impact as required by this standard.3.1.8 interpupillary distance, P.D., nthe distance betweenthe center of the pupils of the eyes.3.1.9 lens, nwhen so equipped, the transparent part orparts of a pr
20、otective device through which the wearer normallysees.3.1.10 luminous transmittance, nluminous transmittanceis a function of a spectral transmittance of the lens weighted bythe corresponding ordinates of the photopic luminous effi-ciency distribution of the CIE (1931) standard colormetricobserver an
21、d by the spectral intensity of standard illuminant A.(See ANSI Z80.3, 1977, paragraph 2.9.1).3.1.11 power imbalance, na condition that exists whenthe refractive power created by the right lens of a protectivedevice is different from that of the left lens.3.1.12 prism, nthe angular deviation of a ray
22、 of light as itpasses through a lens resulting from the angle at which the raystrikes each surface of the lens and the index of refraction ofthe material from which it is made.3.1.13 prism imbalance:3.1.13.1 vertical imbalance, nthe difference in prismaticdeviation between parallel light beams incid
23、ent on the two eyesof a protective device in the vertical meridian.3.1.13.2 horizontal imbalance, nthe difference in pris-matic deviation of incident parallel light beams on the two eyesof a protective device in a horizontal meridian. (See Section 7.)3.1.13.3 base-in, adjrelating to the type of pris
24、m imbal-ance that tends to cause parallel rays of light passing througha protector, spaced apart by the interpupillary distance toconverge.3.1.13.4 base-out, adjrelating to the type of prism imbal-ance which tends to cause parallel rays of light passing througha protector, spaced apart by the interp
25、upillary distance todiverge.3.1.14 protective device (or protector), na device thatprovides protection to the wearers eyes against specifichazards encountered in sports.3.1.15 refractive power, nthe focusing effect of a lensexpressed in diopters.3.1.16 resolution (optical), nthe characteristic of a
26、lensthat allows separate distinct points in close proximity to bediscerned when looking through the lens.3.1.17 spherical power, nthe most positive meridionalastigmatic power of a lens.3.1.18 tint, na characteristic of a transparent material thatallows a specific color to appear dominant and reduces
27、 thematerials luminous transmittance properties.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 cleanable, adjthe ability of a protective device to bemade readily free of dirt or grime without being damagedduring an appropriate cleaning process in accordance with themanufacturers instructio
28、ns.3.2.2 coverage, na characteristic of a protective devicethat obstructs straight line paths that are coincident with thewearers eyes.3.2.3 peripheral field, nthe outer limits of vision which,as shown in charts of the visual fields, extends to 40 andabove, to 60 below, and to 90 temporally.4. Types
29、 of Protectors4.1 Type 1A full face protector intended for use by anypersons other than goaltenders.4.2 Type 2A full face protector intended for use bypersons 10 years of age or younger, other than goaltenders.5. Performance Requirements5.1 All testing shall be done with the protectors mounted ona h
30、elmet of a make or model as specified by the protectormanufacturer and placed on a headform identical in dimensionsto the Aero Medical Laboratory (AML) headform, as to beworn by the consumer (see Table 1).5.2 All portions of the protectors, shall be capable ofmeeting impact and optical requirements
31、at any temperaturebetween 20 and 26C (68 and 13F).5.3 Optical Requirements, (all protectors):5.3.1 Peripheral Field of ViewWhen tested in accordancewith 7.1.1 at 20 6 2C (68 6 3.6F) protectors shall have fieldsof view equal or exceeding the following:(a) Temporal90,(b) Inferior field60, and(c) Super
32、ior field40See Fig. 1, Fig. 2, and Fig. 3 for illustrations of these angles.5.4 Optical Requirements (clear shields):TABLE 1 Facially Featured HeadformsMaterial:Durometer:Urethane 6065 (shore A)Size Hat Size (circ.mm)Prothane ReferenceNumberYouth 612 (521) AA-7FF-413-MJuvenile 678 (550) JJ-7FF-413-M
33、Adult 7 (559) AD-7FF-413-MF 513 00 (2007)25.4.1 Refractive TolerancesWhen tested in accordancewith 8.1.3 the meridional power shall be in the range of + 0.12to 0.25 diopters.5.4.2 AstigmatismWhen tested in accordance with 7.2.3the astigmatism shall not exceed 0.25 diopters.5.4.3 Power ImbalanceWhen
34、tested in accordance with7.2.2 the maximum meridional power imbalance between thetwo eyes for corresponding directions of view shall not exceed0.25 diopters. These binocular power imbalance specificationseliminate the possibility of stero difficulties due to magnifica-tion differences in correspondi
35、ng meridional or accommoda-tive rock problems due to astigmatic differences in opposingmeridians.5.4.4 PrismFor the primary viewing position of either eyeof a shield or pair of lenses shall not exceed 0.50 prism diopterswhen tested in accordance with 7.2.5. This would allow safetythicknesses of poly
36、carbonate to be used which would promoteimpact strength, while prism imbalance which is more criticalwould still be controlled by 5.4.5.5.4.5 Prism ImbalanceWhen tested in accordance with7.2.5 the prism imbalance shall not exceed the following:(a) Vertical and base-in0.25 prism diopters, and(b) Base
37、-out1.00 prism diopters.FIG. 1 Peripheral Field of Vision TestingF 513 00 (2007)35.4.6 Luminous TransmittanceWhen tested in accordancewith 7.2.6 protectors shall have a luminous transmittance of notless than 80 % for a clear device and not less than 60 % fortinted devices. Additionally, the differen
38、ce in values as wouldNOTE 1Both CRP and CLP are located at the center of the cornea on the respective pupil of the headform and are not located on the surface of theface protector:CRP = center of the right pupil,andCLP = center of the left pupil.FIG. 2 Quality Field of VisionC = midpoint between the
39、 centers of the pupils,90 = laterally from C,40 = up from C, and60 = down from C.FIG. 3 Peripheral Field of VisionF 513 00 (2007)4be viewed by the two eyes through a single protector as wornshall not exceed 0.9 to 1.1 times the other value (measured atthe design line of sight) unless specifically pr
40、escribed by anophthalmic professional.5.4.7 HazeWhen tested in accordance with 7.2.7 the hazein the protector shall not exceed 38.5.4.8 Optical QualityStriae, warpage, or surface rippleswithin the central viewing zone that are visible under testconditions of 7.2.8 and that would impair the function
41、of thelens shall be cause for rejection. Beyond the central viewingzone, the protective device shall be free of surface ripples,lenticulations, haze, and other defects that would impair itsintended functions, nor shall there be abrupt optical changes inthe area of the protector designed for viewing.
42、 These striaewarpages and ripples shall be evaluated by method 7.2.9.5.4.9 Surface Imperfections and Internal DefectsPits,scratches, grayness, bubbles, cracks, or water marks that arevisible under the test conditions of 7.2.9 and that would impairthe function of the lens shall be cause for rejection
43、.5.5 Impact RequirementsAll protectors shall be subjectedto a total of six impacts by performing one impact on each oneof six specimens. The six impacts shall be in the three locationsspecified in 7.3. Conditioning of the samples shall be asspecified in 7.3.3.1 for the contact test velocity specifie
44、d inTable 2, and as specified in 7.3.3.2 for the toughness testvelocity specified in Table 2.5.5.1 Contact TestFailure Conditions (All Protectors)After the test is complete, the headform shall be examined todetermine if the full face protector, or puck contacted theheadform. Contact with the headfor
45、m except in the hatched andcross-hatched areas in Fig. 6 shall constitute a failure. Thetoughness test failure conditions for clear shield and wire meshface protectors as described in 5.5.2 and 5.5.3 shall also apply.5.5.1.1 In all cases, a check shall be made to ensure thatthere is no chipping, cra
46、cking or breakage of the full faceprotector or separation of the full face protector from thehelmet. Such damage shall constitute a failure.5.5.2 Toughness TestFailure Conditions (ClearShields)Aclear shield shall fail if any full thickness cracks orfractures occur on any specimen as a result of impa
47、ct.5.5.3 Toughness TestFailure Conditions (Wire MeshProtectors)A wire mesh protector shall fail if any weldcompletely separates or if any fracture in the wire between anytwo welds occurs on any specimen as a result of impact.5.6 Penetration RequirementsWhen tested in accordancewith 7.4, the test bla
48、de shall not penetrate the face protector soas to touch the surface of the headform when entered within theperimeter of the face protector.6. Sample Preparation6.1 Only complete protectors as offered for sale shall betested.6.2 Protectors shall be conditioned and tested at the appli-cable test tempe
49、ratures and at a relative humidity not exceeding55 % for a minimum period of 4 h prior to test. If noconditioning temperature is specified, protectors shall be con-ditioned at 22.8 6 5C (73 6 9F).6.3 Protectors shall be assembled for the test in accordancewith instructions provided (see 9.1).6.4 Protector/helmet assemblies shall be mounted on the testheadform in accordance with the manufacturers instructions forproper fit.7. Test Methods7.1 Optical Tests (All Protectors):7.1.1 Peripheral Fields of Visi
