1、Designation: F589 12F589 16Standard Consumer Safety Specification forNon-Powder Guns1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F589; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in par
2、entheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis consumer safety specification is intended to address the primary causes of injuries involvingnon-powder guns and projectiles. Information concern
3、ing these injuries was obtained from datacollected by the Consumer Product Safety Commission, hereinafter referred to as the Commission,consumer sounding boards, and the manufacturers knowledge of the product and experience withconsumer injuries.The subcommittee regularly conducts comprehensive revi
4、ews from data provided by the Commis-sion and has determined that carelessness, intentional misuse, or lack of adequate adult supervision,or a combination thereof, were factors in the shooting injuries examined.To perform as intended, a non-powder gun requires a level of power which, if misused, can
5、 causeserious injury. This consumer safety specification is intended to reduce the hazards associated withnon-powder gun use. This specification cannot control careless use or eliminate all hazards of misuse,but does provide for warnings of specific hazards and instructions for proper handling, use,
6、 andstorage. Terminology is standardized in this specification, so that conforming products will beidentified in the same manner, and critical dimensions are standardized to assure safe interchange-ability of projectiles and propellants in all conforming non-powder guns. Product performance hazardsa
7、re identified and requirements are established to minimize these hazards.This consumer safety specification is written within the current state-of-the-art of non-powder guntechnology.The intent is to revise this consumer safety specification whenever substantive informationbecomes available which ju
8、stifies revising existing requirements or adding new requirements.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety specification covers non-powder guns, commonly referred to as BB guns, air guns, and pellet guns,which propel a projectile by means of energy released by compressed air, compressed gas, mechanical spri
9、ng action, or acombination thereof, and is to be used in conjunction with Specification F590.1.2 Special-purpose match precision and adult guns, as defined in 3.1 and classified in 8.1 and 8.2, are exempt from theperformance requirements for trigger mechanisms (see 4.3), safety mechanisms (see 4.4),
10、 and drop tests (see 4.5).1.3 Special-purpose training guns, as defined in 3.1 and classified in 8.3, are exempt from the performance requirements for thesafety mechanism (see 4.4).1.4 LimitationsThis consumer safety specification does not cover the following categories of gun products: cl custom-ma
11、denon-powder guns (see 3.1.2.6); or replica guns (see 3.1.2.15); tranquilizer dart guns; toy products such as rubber-band guns, corkguns, pop guns, rubber-tip dart guns, or pea and bean shooters; other recreational-type guns such as blow guns, spear guns, catapultguns (also identified as sling shots
12、), bows, crossbows, paintball markers, air soft or soft air guns, or carbide guns; nonrecreationalguns such as those used by law enforcement, scientific, or military agencies; nor industrial and consumer tools such as paintballguns, staple guns, or conduit guns.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound un
13、its are to be regarded as the standard; the SI units in parentheses are provided forinformation only.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.06 on Safety Standardsfor Non-Powder Gun Products.Current
14、 edition approved Oct. 1, 2012Oct. 1, 2016. Published December 2012October 2016. Originally approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 20062012as F589 06.F589 12. DOI: 10.1520/F0589-12.10.1520/F0589-16.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM
15、 standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published b
16、y ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States11.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 9, of this specification:This standarddoes not p
17、urport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F
18、590 Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Powder Gun Projectiles and Propellants2.2 ANSI Standard:3ANSI Z535 Product Safety Signs and Labels2.3 NIST Standard:4NIST Special Publication 811 Physical Constant-Standard Acceleration of Gravity, Conversion Factors in Appendix3. Terminology3.1 Definitions
19、of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 Propellant System Terms:3.1.1.1 CO2 (carbon dioxide)a propulsion system in which the energy is provided by CO2 (carbon dioxide) usually stored ina removable cylinder. The release of the CO2 gas provides the energy to propel the projectile.3.1.1.2 combination
20、systema propulsion system in which a combination of spring, spring-piston, pneumatic, and CO2 systemscan be used to provide the energy to propel the projectile.3.1.1.3 pneumatica propulsion system in which compressed air is stored under pressure and, when released, provides theenergy to propel the p
21、rojectile. A pneumatic gun normally has a pump system to provide the compressed air.3.1.1.4 pre-charged pneumatica propulsion system in which the energy is provided by compressed gas, normally compressedair, stored in a refillable cylinder charged by an external source. The release of the compressed
22、 gas provides the energy to propelthe projectile.3.1.1.5 spring-piston (also known as a spring-air or adiabatic system)a propulsion system in which the projectile is propelledby air pressure that is created by a piston moved by a spring.3.1.1.6 spring-typea propulsion system in which the projectile
23、is placed into motion by direct contact with a spring or a carriermoved directly by a spring.3.1.2 Non-Powder Gun Terms:3.1.2.1 adult guna non-powder gun that meets the design characteristics of 8.2 and is so designated by the manufacturer.3.1.2.2 antique air guna non-powder gun that is more than 50
24、 years of age.3.1.2.3 backstopan object intended to stop a projectile.3.1.2.4 barrelthat portion of a non-powder gun through which the projectile is discharged.3.1.2.5 cocking mechanisma device that allows the user to store manual energy.3.1.2.6 custom guna non-powder gun designed or made to the spe
25、cifications of an individual consumer.3.1.2.7 feed mechanisma mechanism that stores, transports, and loads projectiles. It may be manual, repeater, or automatic inits actions.3.1.2.8 hammera device which, when released, discharges the stored energy.3.1.2.9 magazinea device used in a gun to store pro
26、jectiles.3.1.2.10 non-powder guna device specifically designed to discharge BBs, pellets, or darts by the release of energy stored bycompressed air, compressed CO2, mechanical springs, or a combination thereof.3.1.2.11 piercing assembly (CO2 gun)a device that is used to release gas from the CO2 cyli
27、nder after the CO2 cylinder has beencorrectly positioned in the gun.3.1.2.12 pumping mechanism (pneumatic gun)a mechanical device used to compress air.3.1.2.13 match precision guna non-powder gun that meets the performance characteristics in 8.1 and is so designated by themanufacturer.3.1.2.14 recei
28、verthe main body of a rifle, shoulder gun, or long gun that houses all or most of its operating mechanisms.3.1.2.15 replica guna functional non-powder gun manufactured to duplicate an antique non-powder gun.3.1.2.16 ricochetrebound or deflection of a projectile from a surface.3.1.2.17 safety, automa
29、tica safety mechanism that is activated when the cocking mechanism is operated in a normal mannerand must be manually deactivated by an independent action of the shooter to allow the gun to be fired by the movement of thetrigger.3.1.2.18 safety, manuala safety mechanism that must be activated by an
30、independent and deliberate action of the shooter andmust be similarly released to allow the gun to be fired by the movement of the trigger.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume
31、information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.4 Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Dr., Stop 3460, Gaithersburg,
32、MD 20899-3460.F589 1623.1.2.19 safety mechanisma device which, when activated either automatically or manually, locks a part of the non-powdergun, usually the trigger, to prevent unintentional firing in normal use. The device is sometimes referred to as a safety, safety button,or safety lever.3.1.2.
33、20 searthe catch that holds the mechanism in the ready-to-fire position until released by the user, through triggermovement.3.1.2.21 shot-start forcethe force that is required to insert a non-powder gun projectile into a cavity of standard size for agiven caliber.3.1.2.22 single-shot guna gun that r
34、equires individual manual loading for each shot.3.1.2.23 strikerseehammer.3.1.2.24 targetthe object at which the projectile is discharged.3.1.2.25 training guna non-powder gun that meets the requirements in 8.3 and is so designated by the manufacturer.3.1.2.26 triggera device operated by the user to
35、 fire a gun.3.1.2.27 trigger, adjustablea trigger mechanism in which the trigger pull is adjustable.3.1.2.28 trigger, double-actiona trigger mechanism in which a single continuous action of the trigger moves the hammer tothe firing position and then releases it to discharge the projectile.3.1.2.29 t
36、rigger guarda rigid component of a non-powder gun that, together with the receiver frame or stock, completelyencircles the trigger.3.1.2.30 trigger pullthe force required to move the trigger from its fully engaged position to a position that fires the gun.3.1.2.31 trigger, single-actiona trigger mec
37、hanism in which the hammer must be manually cocked for each shot.3.1.2.32 trigger, two-stagea trigger mechanism in which the first stage movement allows the trigger to be moved withminimum force until it encounters a resistance. The second stage requires an increased force to cause disengagement and
38、 firingof gun.3.1.2.33 valvea device used to release CO2 or air from a storage chamber into the barrel during a firing cycle.4. Performance Requirements4.1 Gun FunctionThe cocking or pumping mechanism of a non-powder gun shall not cause a gun to discharge unintentionallywhile the gun is being cocked
39、 in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. The feed mechanism of a non-powder gun shallnot cause unintentional discharge of a projectile when a gun is used in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. Tests shallbe conducted in accordance with 9.1. If the characteristics of a cocking
40、or pumping mechanism are such that pinch points may beexposed while a gun is being cocked, instructions and warnings identifying the hazard and providing safe procedures shall beprovided with each gun in accordance with 10.4.1.9.4.2 Barrel PerformanceNon-powder guns shall have sufficient energy to e
41、xpel the projectile intended for use with a gun whenused in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. Test shall be conducted in accordance with 9.2.4.3 Trigger Mechanism:4.3.1 The weight applied to the trigger necessary to fire a non-powder gun shall be more than 3 lb (1.35 kg) and less than
42、16lb (7.3 kg). Tests shall be conducted in accordance with 9.3.4.3.2 An adjustable trigger mechanism that is adjustable to below 2 lb (0.9 kg) must have some part of its trigger pull rangeabove 3 lb (1.35 kg) but less than 16 lb (7.3 kg) (see 5.4.2 and 10.4.6).4.3.3 The match precision and adult gun
43、s (see 8.1 and 8.2) are exempt from the 3 lb (1.35 kg) minimum trigger pull. Thisexemption shall be specified on the packages containing the special-purpose non-powder guns in accordance with 10.2.710.2.9 andin the literature packed with the gun in accordance with 10.4.4.4.4 Safety Mechanism:4.4.1 S
44、afety mechanisms shall be provided on all non-powder guns except the special-purpose guns (Section 8) which may ormay not be provided with safety mechanisms.All safety mechanisms shall be clearly marked to indicate the safe and fire positionsin accordance with 10.3.4. All safety mechanisms shall be
45、capable of preventing the guns from being fired when a weight of 30lb (13.6 kg) is applied to the trigger. Tests shall be conducted in accordance with 9.4.4.4.2 Special-purpose non-powder guns (Section 8), are exempt from this requirement. This exemption shall be clearly specifiedon the packaging in
46、 accordance with 10.2.710.2.9 and in the literature packed with the gun in accordance with 10.4.4.4.5 Drop Test:4.5.1 Non-powder guns shall be capable of withstanding a 36-in. (914-mm) drop without firing. Tests shall be conducted inaccordance with 9.5.4.5.2 The match precision and adult guns (see 8
47、.1 and 8.2) are exempt from this requirement. This exemption shall be clearlyspecified on the packaging in accordance with 10.2.710.2.9 and in the literature packed with the gun in accordance with 10.4.4.4.6 Structural Integrity Requirement for CO2 GunsCO2 guns shall be constructed to prevent the fu
48、ll or partially filled CO2cylinder from being propelled from the gun while the cylinder is being emptied, installed, or removed.F589 1634.7 Temperature Test for CO2 GunsCO2 guns shall be capable of retaining the CO2 cylinder in a pierced state when both areheated to a temperature of 160F (71C) and m
49、aintained for 12 h without structural failure of the gun. Tests shall be conductedin accordance with 9.6. Seal failure between the gun and cylinder is acceptable.5. General Requirements5.1 LiteratureLiterature shall be provided with each non-powder gun and shall include, as applicable, the instructions andcautionary statements specified in Section 10.5.1.1 Muzzle VelocityThe muzzle velocity of the projectile of the non-powder gun shall be included in the muzzle velocitystatement (see 10.4.1.4) and shall be determined in acc
