1、Designation: F 844 07aStandard Specification forWashers, Steel, Plain (Flat), Unhardened for General Use1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 844; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last re
2、vision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers round and miscellaneous shapesteel plain (flat) washers furnished in an unhardened condition.1.2
3、The washers are intended for general use bolt, nut, andstud applications to provide increased bearing surface, spacing,and to prevent galling.1.3 Unless otherwise specified, the washers are furnishedwith dimensions conforming to B18.22.1, Type A, Tables 1Aand Tables 1B.1.4 Hardened washers for use w
4、ith heat-treated structuralbolts are covered by Specifications F 436 and F 436M.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 29/A 29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon andAlloy,Hot-Wrought, General Requirements forA 568/A 568M Specification for Steel, Sheet, Carbon,Structural, and High-Strength,
5、Low-Alloy, Hot-Rolled andCold-Rolled, General Requirements forA 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology forChemical Analysis of Steel ProductsB 633 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zincon Iron and SteelB 695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc MechanicallyDeposited on Iron and Stee
6、lD 3951 Practice for Commercial PackagingF 436 Specification for Hardened Steel WashersF 436M Specification for Hardened Steel Washers MetricF 606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Prop-erties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and RivetsF 1
7、470 Guide for Fastener Sampling for Specified Mechani-cal Properties and Performance InspectionF 2329 Specification for Zinc Coating, Hot-Dip, Require-ments for Application to Carbon and Alloy Steel Bolts,Screws, Washers, Nuts, and Special Threaded Fasteners2.2 ASME Standards:3B18.22.1 Plain Washers
8、B18.24 Part Identifying Number (PIN) Code System Stan-dard for B18 Fastener Products2.3 Military Specification:DOD-P-16232 Phosphate Coating for Ferrous Metals42.4 Federal Specification:QQ-P-416 Plating, Cadmium (Electrodeposited)43. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for washers under this specificatio
9、n shall in-clude:3.1.1 Quantity (number of pieces of same item and size).3.1.2 Name of item (steel plain washers).3.1.3 Size (Nominal inside diameter and thickness. Includeoutside diameter, when required).3.2 The following requirements are optional and may bespecified when required:3.2.1 Dimensions
10、if other than B18.22.1, Type A.3.2.2 Finish if other than oiled (see 4.3 through 4.3.6).3.2.3 Chemical composition, if required (see 5.1.2).3.2.4 Hardness, if required (see 6.2).3.2.5 Shipment lot Testing, if required (see 9.2).3.2.6 Test Reports, if required (see Section 12).3.2.7 Marking, if requi
11、red (see 14.1).3.2.8 For establishment of a part identifying system, seeASME B18.24.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 MaterialThe washers shall be punched from hot-rolled, hot-rolled and pickled, or cold-rolled steel; or shall bemachined from bar stock or tubing; or shall be forged at themanufacturers
12、 option.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of Committee F16 on Fasteners andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts, Nuts, Rivets andWashers.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originallyapproved in 1983. Last previous edition approved
13、 in 2007 as F 844 07.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Society of Mech
14、anical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-50981*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of thi
15、s standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Copyright by ASTM Intl (all rights reserved); Thu Apr 9 04:18:01 EDT 2009Downloaded/printed byGuo Dehua (CNIS) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authoriz
16、ed.4.2 Burr RemovalThe washers shall be tumbled, vibrated,or otherwise processed to minimize burrs.4.3 Protective Finishes:4.3.1 Unprotected WashersUnless otherwise specified,the washer shall be furnished plain, with no protective finishother than oil to minimize rusting.4.3.2 Zinc Coatings, Hot-Dip
17、 and Mechanically Deposited:4.3.2.1 When zinc-coated washers are required, the pur-chaser shall specify the zinc-coating process, such as “hot dip,”“mechanically deposited,” or “no preference.”4.3.2.2 When “hot-dip” is specified, the washers shall bezinc-coated by hot dipping in accordance with the
18、requirementsof Specification F 2329.4.3.2.3 When “mechanically deposited” is specified, thewashers shall be zinc-coated by mechanical deposition inaccordance with the requirements of Class 55 of SpecificationB 695.4.3.2.4 When “no preference” is specified, the supplier shallfurnish either a hot-dip
19、zinc coating in accordance withSpecification F 2329, or a mechanically deposited zinc coatingin accordance with Specification B 695, Class 55.4.3.3 Cadmium PlatingCadmium plated washers shall becadmium plated by electrodeposition and yellow chromatetreated in accordance with Federal Specification QQ
20、-P-416,Type II, Class 3.4.3.4 Zinc Plating, Electroplated and Mechanically Depos-ited:4.3.4.1 When zinc plated washers are required, the pur-chaser shall specify the zinc plating process such as “electro-plating” or “mechanical plating” or “no preference”.4.3.4.2 When “electroplating” is specified,
21、the washer shallbe zinc plated by electrodeposition in accordance with Speci-fication B 633, Class Fe/Zn 5, Type II unless otherwisespecified. See Specification B 633 for other thickness classesand finish types.4.3.4.3 When “mechanical plating” is specified, the washershall be zinc plated by mechani
22、cal deposition in accordancewith Specification B 695, Class 5, Type II unless otherwisespecified. See Specification B 695 for other thickness classesand finish types.4.3.4.4 When “no preference” is specified, the supplier, athis option, shall furnish either an electroplated finish inaccordance with
23、Specification B 633, Class Fe/Zn 5, Type II, ora mechanically plated finish in accordance with SpecificationB 695, Class 5, Type II.4.3.5 Phosphate CoatingPhosphate coated washers shallbe coated in accordance with Military Specification DOD-P-16232, Type Z, Class 2.4.3.6 Other CoatingsOther protecti
24、ve coatings shall be asspecified by the purchaser.5. Chemical Composition5.1 Composition Limits:5.1.1 The washers shall be steel, and unless otherwisespecified, shall have no specified chemical composition re-quirements.5.1.2 When required, the washers shall be specified toconform to specific chemic
25、al requirements.5.2 Manufacturers AnalysisWhen specific chemical re-quirements have been specified and test reports are required,the manufacturer shall make individual analyses of randomlyselected washers from the product to be shipped and report theresults to the purchaser. In addition, if heat and
26、 lot identitieshave been maintained, the analysis of the raw material fromwhich the fasteners have been manufactured shall, at the optionof the manufacturer, be reported instead of product analysis.5.3 Product AnalysisWhen specific chemical require-ments have been specified, the purchaser reserves t
27、he right toconduct product analyses on the finished washers or request themanufacturer to conduct product analyses. The chemical com-position thus determined shall conform to the specified require-ments subject to the standard permissible variations for productanalysis in Specification A 568/A 568M
28、for washers punchedfrom sheet; and Specification A 29/A 29M for washers ma-chined from bar and tubing, or forged.6. Mechanical Properties6.1 Unless otherwise specified, the washers are not fur-nished to mechanical requirements.6.2 When required and specified, the washers shall conformto the specifie
29、d hardness.7. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations7.1 Standard DimensionsUnless otherwise specified, thedimension shall be in accordance with B18.22.1, Tables 1AandTables 1B for Type A washers. Where narrow (N) and wide(W) washers are provided for, the narrow type shall befurnished unless ot
30、herwise specified.7.2 Non-Standard DimensionsOther washers covered bythis specification are generally referred to as US standardwashers, SAE washers, light steel washers, riveting washers,fender washers, machinery bushing washers, machine screwwashers, and similar designations. When specified, washe
31、rsshall be furnished to these standards or shall be manufacturedto the purchasers drawing requirements.7.3 ParallelismWasher faces shall be parallel within0.005 in.7.4 Flatness:7.4.1 Washer faces shall be flat within the following require-ments:Outside Diameter,inchesOut of Flat, inches,maximum0.500
32、 and less 0.0070.5625 through 1.250 0.010over 1.250 0.0157.4.2 Flatness shall be measured by laying a flat or concaveside of the washer, if there is one, on a surface plate (so it restson its outside diameter), and measuring the maximum differ-ence in height of the other side above the surface plate
33、. If bothsides are convex, or if the washer is bent, both sides could bechecked in the same manner, but:7.4.2.1 A convex side will rest on the edge of the hole.7.4.2.2 A bent (curved) washer shall be restrained to mini-mize the readings.7.5 RunoutThe runout of the outside diameter relative tothe ins
34、ide diameter shall not exceed a full indicator movement(FIM) equal to the inside diameter tolerance of B18.22.1.F 844 07a2Copyright by ASTM Intl (all rights reserved); Thu Apr 9 04:18:01 EDT 2009Downloaded/printed byGuo Dehua (CNIS) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.
35、8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance8.1 Within the limits of good manufacturing practice, thewashers shall be smooth, and free of burrs, loose scale, sharpedges, and other injurious imperfections.8.2 Where protective finishes are specified, the require-ments for the finish shall be in accordance w
36、ith the require-ments of the referenced specification.9. Number of Tests and Retests9.1 When mechanical requirements are specified, and forcoating weight or thickness of coated products, the number oftests for each requirement specified shall be in accordance withGuide F 1470, sampling level for the
37、 detection process; unlessthe purchaser and manufacturer have mutually agreed to usethe prevention process. See Guide F 1470 on Selection ofSampling Plans.9.2 If the failure of a test specimen is due to improperpreparation of the specimen or to incorrect testing technique,the specimen shall be disca
38、rded and another test specimensubstituted.10. Test Methods10.1 Chemical AnalysisThe chemical composition shallbe determined by commercial test method. In the event ofdisagreement, chemical tests shall be made in accordance withTest Methods, Practices, and Terminology A 751.10.2 Mechanical TestsHardn
39、ess tests, when required,shall be performed in accordance with Test Methods F 606.11. Inspection11.1 The purchasers representative representing the pur-chaser shall have free entry to all parts of the manufacturersworks that concern the manufacture of the material ordered.The manufacturer shall affo
40、rd the purchasers representative allreasonable facilities to satisfy that the material is beingfurnished in accordance with this specification. All tests andinspections required by the specification that are requested bythe purchasers representative shall be made prior to shipment,and shall be condu
41、cted so as not to interfere unnecessarily withthe operation of the works.12. Certification12.1 Certificate of ComplianceWhen specified in thecontract or purchase order, the manufacturer shall furnishcertification that the product was manufactured and tested inaccordance with this specification and c
42、onforms to all specifiedrequirements.12.2 Test Reports, Normal Inspection When test reportsare specified on the purchase order for normal inspection asprovided for by 9.1, the manufacturer shall furnish a test reportcertified to be the last complete set of mechanical tests for eachstock size in each
43、 shipment.12.3 Test Reports, Individual Shipments When shipmentlot testing in accordance with 9.2 is specified in the contract orpurchase order, the manufacturer shall furnish a test reportshowing the results of the tests required for each lot shipped.13. Responsibility13.1 The party responsible for
44、 the fastener shall be theorganization that supplies the fastener to the purchaser.14. Product Marking14.1 Individual washers are not required to be marked.15. Packaging and Package Marking15.1 Packaging:15.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, packaging shall be inaccordance with Practice D 3951.15.1.2 W
45、hen special packaging requirements are required,they shall be defined at the time of the inquiry and order.15.2 Package Marking:15.2.1 Each shipping unit shall include or be plainly markedwith the following information:15.2.1.1 ASTM designation,15.2.1.2 Size,15.2.1.3 Name and brand or trademark of t
46、he manufacturer,15.2.1.4 Number of pieces,15.2.1.5 Purchase order number, and15.2.1.6 Country of origin.16. Keywords16.1 carbon steel; plain; steel; washersSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee F16 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (F 84407)that may impact t
47、he use of this standard. (Approved Dec. 1, 2007.)(1) Sections 4.3.2.3 and 4.3.2.4 were revised.Committee F16 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue,F84404e1, that may impact the use of this standard.(1) Changed the reference hot dip zinc coating specifi
48、cationfrom Specification A 153/A 153M Gr. C, to SpecificationF 2329.F 844 07a3Copyright by ASTM Intl (all rights reserved); Thu Apr 9 04:18:01 EDT 2009Downloaded/printed byGuo Dehua (CNIS) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.ASTM International takes no position respect
49、ing the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standard
