1、Designation: F 854 83 (Reapproved 2003)Standard Test Method forCleanliness of Carbon Paper1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 854; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numb
2、er in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method describes a typewriter test that com-pares the cleanliness properties of carbon papers (one-time ormultiple use) and is b
3、ased on resistance to feed roll marking thesmear of carbon images.1.2 This test method also describes how to compare thecleanliness properties of the backs of carbon papers.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibili
4、ty of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:F 221 Terminology Relating to Carbon Paper and InkedRibbon Products and Images Made Therefrom23. Ter
5、minology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 back cleanlinessthe freedom of ink on the back ofthe carbon sheet.3.1.2 feed roll cleanlinessthe resistance to transfer of inkto the copy sheet from the pressure of feed rolls.3.1.3 smear freedomthe freedom from tailing of the copyimage when the carbon is pulled from fo
6、rms.3.1.4 tailingthe streak-type marks appearing on carbonimages on the copy papers.3.1.4.1 DiscussionLess tailing would be noted withcleaner carbons.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The comparative typewriter test involves using thecarbon papers in a prescribed set of forms and observing theresults.4.2
7、 The cleanliness of the backs of carbon papers involvesrubbing them with clean sheets of bond-type papers andobserving and comparing the amount of ink transfer.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method can be used in new applicationsevaluations, product development, and specification accep-tance p
8、rocedures.6. Interferences6.1 Variation in platen roll durometer.6.2 Variation in feed roll durometer.6.3 Variation in feed roll pressure.6.4 Different operators.6.5 Different typewriters.6.6 Different pressures or touch by the same or differentoperators.7. Apparatus7.1 Typewriter, on which the carb
9、on paper being evaluatedwould be normally used.8. Sampling8.1 Carbon paper representing homogeneous lots or batchesshould have samples taken from at least two different areas. Donot use the top or bottom sheet from any stock of carbon paperas a sample.9. Procedure9.1 Typewriter Test:9.1.1 Assemble a
10、 five-part form using papers measuring8.50 by 11.00 in. (215.9 by 279.4 mm). Use a 15-lb (17 by22-in.; 500 sheets) (56.4 g/m2) as the top part. Below the toppart, use four parts of 12-lb (17 by 22-in.; 500 sheets) (45.1g/m2). Staple the left and right corners approximately12in.from the top.9.1.2 Int
11、erleave four sheets of the test carbons measuring8.5 by 11.00 in. (215.9 by 279.4 mm) into the five-part form sothat the carbon papers extend below the bottom of the set by12in.NOTE 1Always handle form and carbon paper at the edge with care toavoid unintentional coating transfer.1This test method is
12、 under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F05 on BusinessImaging Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F05.02 onInked-Transfer Imaging Products.Current edition approved Dec. 30, 1983. Published February 1984.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.1Copyright ASTM International,
13、 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.9.1.3 Center the bail rolls of a clean and serviced typewriterbetween the front feed rolls and completely release the feedand bail rolls.9.1.4 Carefully insert the assembled set into the typewriterso that it is prop
14、erly centered and registered.9.1.5 Carefully close the feed rolls and place the bail rollsagainst the form.9.1.6 Type the date and carbon identification 1 in. from thetop followed by a four-line paragraph maintaining 1-in. mar-gins on both sides.9.1.7 Turn the cylinder knob rolling the form back unt
15、il thetop with the staples is under the bail rolls. Grasp the top of theform and pull through and out of the typewriter at a steady rate.9.1.8 Place the form on a smooth, flat surface. Removestaples. Carefully remove carbon papers to avoid unintentionalcoating transfer.9.1.9 Retain the deleaved form
16、 for examination, numberingeach part.9.2 Back Cleanliness Test:9.2.1 Staple a sheet of the test carbon paper, with uncoatedside up, to a sheet of similarly sized 15-lb bond (17 by 22-in.;500 sheets) (56.4 g/m2) and place on a smooth, flat surface withthe bond paper down. The uncoated side of the sta
17、pled testcarbon paper will be up.9.2.2 With one hand, hold the test carbon sheet at the topedge.9.2.3 With other hand, grasp a piece of bond-type papermeasuring approximately 5 by 5 in. (127 by 127 mm) and placeon top of the test carbon sheet adjacent to the other hand.Spread the fingers apart maint
18、aining approximately12-in.spaces between the fingers. Then draw the bond sheet down thelength of the test carbon sheet forming the letter S.9.2.4 Date the bond paper and identify the carbon sheetbeing tested.9.3 Repeat 9.1 through 9.2.4 for each carbon paper beingtested.10. Interpretation of Results
19、10.1 Feed Roll Cleanliness:10.1.1 Examine and compare the first carbon copy, sheetnumber 2 from all carbon sheet test forms from 9.1.9. Rate forintensity of the roll marks. Assign a value of 5 for least intenseroll marks and 1 for most intense roll marks.10.1.2 Examine and compare the bottom edges o
20、f carbonimages for degree of tailing. Assign a value of 5 for no tailingand 1 for most tailing.10.2 Back Cleanliness:10.2.1 Examine and compare the bond papers for eachcarbon sheet from 9.2.4 for ink accumulation. Assign a value of5 for the least amount of ink accumulation and 1 for the mostink accu
21、mulation.11. Report11.1 Rank the various carbon papers in the various catego-ries based on assigned values. Higher values indicate a cleanercarbon paper.11.2 Rank the various carbon papers based on the cumula-tive assigned values. Higher values indicate a cleaner carbonpaper.11.3 If a reference cont
22、rol carbon paper is used, test carbonpapers can be ranked accordingly.12. Precision and Bias12.1 The test method will provide repeatable ranking orderresults or repeatable relationship to a control within a labora-tory using the same typewriter and operator.12.2 Rank order and comparative results ma
23、y not necessar-ily be reproduced between laboratories, because of differencesin operator, typewriter, typewriter components, typewriteractions, and ambient conditions.13. Keywords13.1 carbon paper; copy cleanliness; ink cleanliness; smear;smudge; tailingASTM International takes no position respectin
24、g the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standa
25、rd is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM Internationa
26、l Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.Th
27、is standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F 854 83 (2003)2
