1、Designation: F2170 17Standard Test Method forDetermining Relative Humidity in Concrete Floor SlabsUsing in situ Probes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2170; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the y
2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determinationof percent relative humidity in concrete slabs for field
3、orlaboratory tests.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety con
4、cerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific warnings are given in Section 7, 10.3.2, and 10.4.4.1.4
5、This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Tra
6、de (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E104 Practice for Maintaining Constant Relative Humidityby Means of Aqueous SolutionsE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsF710 Practice for Preparing Concrete Floors to ReceiveResilient Flooring3. Termi
7、nology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 relative humidity, nratio of the amount of watervapor actually in the air compared to the amount of water vaporrequired for saturation at that particular temperature andpressure, expressed as a percentage.3.1.2 service temperature and relative humidity, naverageambient ai
8、r temperature and relative humidity that typicallywill be found in a buildings occupied spaces during normaluse.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method comprises two procedures for formingholes in concrete into which a relative humidity probe isplaced. Procedure A for hardened concrete involve
9、s drilling acylindrical hole in concrete with a rotary hammerdrill, thenplacing a hollow sleeve to line the hole. Procedure B is analternative procedure for fresh concrete, which involves form-ing a cylindrical hole in concrete by placing a hollow cylin-drical tube in the formwork, then placing and
10、consolidatingconcrete around the tube. The liner or tube permits measure-ment of RH at a specific, well-defined depth in the concrete.4.2 Methods of probe calibration and factors affectingequilibration are described in Section 8.5. Significance and Use5.1 Excessive moisture in floor slabs after floo
11、r covering hasbeen installed can cause floor covering system failures such asdebonding, peaking and deterioration of finish flooring andcoatings and microbial growth.5.2 Manufacturers of such systems generally require mois-ture testing to be performed before installation on concrete.Internal relativ
12、e humidity testing is one such method.5.3 Moisture test results indicate the moisture condition ofthe slab only at the time of the test and in the specific locationstested.6. Apparatus6.1 Hole Liner, made of plastic or non-corroding metal. Theliner shall have the shape of a hollow right circular cyl
13、inderand shall be between 0.37 to 0.75-in. (10 to 20 mm) outsidediameter.6.1.1 The liner shall have a solid sidewall that is open onlyat the bottom and at the top. Slots, holes, or other penetrations1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F06 on ResilientFloor Coverings and is t
14、he direct responsibility of Subcommittee F06.40 onPractices.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2017. Published October 2017. Originallyapproved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as F2170-16b. DOI:10.1520/F2170-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orco
15、ntact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international sta
16、ndard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1in t
17、he sidewall of the liner are not permitted. Two or moredeformable circumferential fins located around the exteriorcircumference near the bottom of the liner shall be provided tocreate a positive seal against the concrete. The liner shall be ofsufficient length to extend from the bottom diameter of t
18、he holeto the surface of the concrete. See Fig. 1.NOTE 1The purpose of the liner is to isolate the probe from thesidewall of the hole so that moisture only enters into the sensor from aspecific depth at the bottom of the hole. The specified diameter range willusually permit the hole to intersect a s
19、ufficient volume of cement paste toprovide adequate moisture interaction with the sensor for accuratemeasurement. Smaller diameter holes may intersect only a single aggre-gate particle at the bottom of the hole and therefore produce inaccurateresults. If the user observes that the bottom of the hole
20、 is occupied by asingle aggregate particle, do not use that hole.6.2 Humidity Probe and Digital MeterRelative humidityand temperature sensors in cylindrical probe, designed suchthat when the probe is installed to its full depth within the holeliner, the following geometrical considerations shall be
21、met:6.2.1 The sensing elements of the probe shall be locatedwithin 0.625 6 0.125 in. (15.9 6 3 mm) of the base of the linerand the probe sealed or gasketed within itself and the liner suchthat the volume of air being measured cannot escape upwardbeyond 0.625 6 0.125 in. (15.9 6 3 mm) within the prob
22、eitself or the liner. See Fig. 2.6.2.2 Obtain probes from a manufacturer with NIST trace-able calibration equal to or better than 62 % relative humidityat 50 % relative humidity and 62 % relative humidity at 90 %relative humidity.NOTE 2Calibration by end-users using saturated salt solutions inaccord
23、ance with Practice E104 is not recommended due to the technicaldifficulties of maintaining sufficiently accurate reference standards.Checking with salt solutions is an acceptable method of assessing probeperformance.7. Hazards7.1 Silica and Asbestos WarningDo not sand, dry sweep,dry scrape, drill, s
24、aw, beadblast, or mechanically chip orpulverize existing resilient flooring, backing, lining felt, paint,asphaltic cutback adhesives, or other adhesives. These productsmay contain asbestos fibers or crystalline silica. Avoid creatingdust. Use of dust collection equipment and appropriate per-sonal pr
25、otective equipment such as an approved respirator maybe required to control worker exposure to respirable crystallinesilica produced from drilling concrete. Inhalation of such dustis a cancer and respiratory tract hazard. Smoking by individu-als exposed to asbestos fibers greatly increases the risk
26、ofserious bodily harm. Unless positively certain that the productis a nonasbestos-containing material, presume that it containasbestos. Regulations may require that the material be tested todetermine asbestos content. The Resilient Floor CoveringInstitutes (RFCI) recommended work practices for remov
27、al ofexisting resilient floor coverings should be consulted for adefined set of instructions addressed to the task of removing allresilient floor covering structures.37.2 Lead WarningCertain paints may contain lead. Expo-sure to excessive amounts of lead dust presents a health hazard.Refer to applic
28、able federal, state, and local laws and guidelinesfor hazard identification and abatement of lead-based paintpublished by the U.S. Department of Housing and UrbanDevelopment regarding appropriate methods for identifyinglead-based paint and removing such paint, and any licensing,certification, and tr
29、aining requirements for persons performinglead abatement work.47.3 Wet Concrete WarningContact with wet (unhardened)concrete, mortar, cement, or cement mixtures can cause skinirritation, severe chemical burns, or serious eye damage. Wearwaterproof gloves, a long-sleeved shirt, full-length trousers,a
30、nd proper eye protection when working with these materials.If you have to stand in wet concrete, use waterproof boots thatare high enough to keep concrete from flowing into them. Washwet concrete, mortar, cement, or cement mixtures from yourskin immediately after contact. Indirect contact through cl
31、oth-ing can be as serious as direct contact, so promptly rinse outwet concrete, mortar, cement, or cement mixtures from cloth-ing. Seek immediate medical attention if you have persistent orsevere discomfort.8. Calibration8.1 Recalibrate probes at least annually or more frequentlyif exposed to enviro
32、nmental conditions that affect measurementaccuracy.8.2 Check probe calibration within 30 days before use bythe following procedure:8.2.1 Calibration Check Procedure, Saturated SaltSolutionsPrepare saturated salt solutions in accordance withPractice E104. Follow probe manufacturers recommended3Recomm
33、ended Work Practices for Removal of Resilient Floor Coverings,Resilient Floor Covering Institute, 401 East Jefferson St., Suite 102, Rockville, MD20850.4Lead-Based Paint: Interim Guidelines for Hazard Identification and Abatementin Public and Indian Housing, U.S. Department of Housing and UrbanDevel
34、opment, NTIS Order Number PB91-144311. Available online from www.fed-world.gov.FIG. 1 Example Hole with LinerF2170 172procedure for exposing probes. Check probes at relativehumidity (RH) equal to or greater than 75 % RH. Record theas-found relative humidity of the probe and the nominalrelative humid
35、ity of the salt solutions. If the as-found relativehumidity differs from the nominal relative humidity by morethan 2 % RH (below 90 % relative humidity) or by more than3 % RH (from 90 to 100 % relative humidity), recalibrate theprobe before use or discard.9. Conditioning9.1 Concrete floor slabs shal
36、l be at service temperature andthe occupied air space above the floor slab shall be at servicetemperature and service relative humidity for at least 48 hbefore making relative humidity measurements in the concreteslab.10. Procedure10.1 Number of Tests and Locations:10.1.1 Perform three tests for the
37、 first 1000 ft2(100 m2) andat least one additional test for each additional 1000 ft2(100m2).10.1.2 Select test locations to provide information aboutmoisture distribution across the entire concrete floor slab,especially areas of potential high moisture. Include a testlocation within1m(3ft)ofeach ext
38、erior wall.10.2 Determine the appropriate depth for probe holes fromthe following table:Drying Conditions Drill-to Depth from Top of SlabSlab drying from top only(Example: slab on ground withvapor retarder below, or slabon metal deck)40 %(Example: 1.6 in. (41 mm) deep in4-in. (100-mm) thick slab)Sla
39、b drying from top andbottom(Example: elevated structuralslab not in metal deck)20 %(Example: 0.8 in. (20 mm) deep in4-in. (100-mm) thick slab)Fluted Metal Deck(Composite)40 % of maximum slab thickness(Example: 2.4 in. (61 mm) deep ina 3-6 in. (76-152 mm) thick fluteddeck slab)NOTE 3Testing at these
40、depths will indicate the potential equilibriumrelative humidity that will be established within the concrete slab after alow-permeability floor covering is applied.10.3 Procedure ADrilled Holes:10.3.1 Use a rotary hammerdrill with a carbide-tipped drillbit to drill holes to required depth. Drill bit
41、 diameter shall notexceed 0.04 in. (1 mm) larger than the external diameter of thehole liner. Hole shall be drilled dry. Do not use water forcooling or lubrication; do not wet-core test hole.10.3.2 Remove dust from the hole using a vacuum cleaner.(WarningAvoid blowing dust from the hole that mightbe
42、come respirable. Wear respiratory protection if necessary toavoid breathing concrete dust while drilling and cleaningholes.)FIG. 2 Example % RH - Probe Element PositionF2170 17310.3.3 Insert hole liner to bottom of hole. Place rubberstopper into upper end of liner and seal around liner to concreteat
43、 concrete surface with joint sealant, caulk, or gasketed cover.10.3.4 Allow 72 h to achieve moisture equilibrium withinthe hole before making relative humidity measurements.10.3.5 Continue the determination of relative humidity inaccordance with 10.5.NOTE 4Measurement of relative humidity on concret
44、e powder col-lected from a drilled hole does not produce results of sufficient accuracyto meet the purposes described in Significance and Use.10.4 Alternative Procedure BCast Holes:10.4.1 Before placing concrete, secure liner tube to form-work or steel reinforcement to avoid displacement of tubesdur
45、ing concrete placement, consolidation, and finishing.10.4.2 Secure a solid rod slightly smaller than the innerdiameter of the liner into the liner so that the bottom end of therod is flush with the bottom end of the liner at measurementdepth and the top end protrudes above the top of the liner. This
46、rod will exclude fresh concrete from entering the liner duringconcrete placement and consolidation.10.4.3 Place, consolidate, and finish the concrete, ensuringthe liner remains at required depth. Remove the inner solid rodafter the concrete hardens and place a rubber stopper into theupper end of the
47、 liner.10.4.4 Holes formed by casting liners in fresh concrete canbe used to measure relative humidity as soon as the concretehardens. (WarningHoles formed in fresh concrete mightcontain highly alkaline solution (pH12) that must be removedbefore placing probes. This solution can cause chemical burns
48、on exposed skin. Remove solution from a hole using a spongeor rag. Wear protective eyewear and gloves. Handle soakedrags or sponges with care. Do not use compressed air to blowsolution out of holes.)10.5 Measurement:10.5.1 Remove the rubber stopper at the top of the liner andinsert probe. Seal the p
49、robe lead wire to the liner where thewire emerges from the top of the liner. Connect the probe leadwire to the meter, turn on the meter and allow it to warm up asindicated by the manufacturers instructions.10.5.2 Allow probe to reach temperature equilibrium beforemeasuring relative humidity. Probe shall be at the sametemperature as the concrete before reading. Even a smalldifference in temperature will produce a significant error inrelative humidity measurement.10.5.3 Check for drift. Meter reading must not drift morethan 1 % relative humidity over 5 min. Equilibr
